Numbers in the novel are crime and punishment. Numerical symbolism of “Crime and Punishment” as the key to understanding the ideological issues of the novel by F.M.

Vegetable growing - 09/27/2020

The work was completed by: Daria Korzun, Nikolay Chistyakov, Anastasia Kim, Alexander Rudich Number 11 in Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”

The gospel parable tells us that “the kingdom of heaven is like a master of a house who went out early in the morning to hire laborers for his vineyard.” He went out to hire workers at three o'clock, at six, at nine, and finally at eleven. And in the evening, at the time of payment, the manager, by order of the owner, paid everyone equally, starting with those who came at the eleventh hour. And the last became the first in fulfillment of the highest justice. (Matt. 20:1-15)

THE MEANING OF THE NUMBER 11 ACCORDING TO KABBALISTIC NUMEROLOGY. Number 11 carries a warning: people of number 11 tend to occupy a position on the border between good and evil. In the Thelemic system, the number 11 symbolizes the understanding that there is no God except man, that God is everything that exists. People controlled by the number 11 have very strong psychic abilities, they know how to influence the world around them, in some cases they are able to suppress others with their strong psyche, which is why people experience discomfort and even fear when communicating with them.

The number is 11 in the novel. And where did they come from for me to buy decent uniforms, eleven rubles and fifty kopecks, I don’t understand? (Part 1, Chapter 2) ...most magnificent, uniformed, cooked everything up in the most excellent form for eleven and a half, sir. (Part 1, Chapter 2) It was already almost eleven o'clock... (Part 1, Chapter 2) Open it, or something. Eleventh hour. (Part 2, Ch. 1) After all, I already told you, because I already warned you ten times that I won’t let you down on the eleventh! (Part 2, Chapter 1) It was eleven o’clock when he went out into the street. (Part 2, chapter 7)

The number 11 in the novel “Is it Eleven O’Clock?” - he asked... (time of arrival to Sonya) - Yes, - Sonya muttered. “...now the owners’ clock has struck... and I heard it myself... Yes.” (Part 4, Chapter 4) “When the next morning, at exactly eleven o’clock, Raskolnikov entered the house of the 1st part, the investigative police department, and asked to report about himself to Porfiry Petrovich, he was even surprised at how they didn’t take him for a long time...” (Part 4, Ch. 5) “It was eleven o’clock when he went out into the street.” (Part 3, Chapter 7) (the time of Raskolnikov’s departure from the deceased Marmeladov) “... the next morning, at exactly eleven o’clock, Raskolnikov entered the investigative police department to see Porfiry Petrovich” - after visiting Sonya

The meaning of the number 11 in the novel “Crime and Punishment” Having attributed Raskolnikov’s meetings with Marmeladov, Sonya and Porfiry Petrovich to 11 o’clock, Dostoevsky reminds that it is still not too late for Raskolnikov to throw off his obsession, it is not too late in this Gospel hour to confess and repent and become from the latter, who came at the eleventh hour, the first. (It was not for nothing that for Sonya it was “the whole parish” that at the moment Raskolnikov came to her, eleven o’clock struck the Kapernaumovs.)

Thank you all for your attention. This is all.

Education Department of the Kargat District Administration

MKOU Kargatskaya average comprehensive school No. 2 named after Gorky

Research work

on this topic " Numerical symbolism in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky

"Crime and Punishment".

Luchinina Anna Vyacheslavovna

10th grade student

MKOU secondary school No. 2 named after. Gorky

Luchinina Natalya

Nikolaevna

Kargat 2012

1.Introduction…………………………………………………………….3

2.Main part:

2.1. Reasons for F.M. Dostoevsky’s appeal to the history of numbers……..5

2.2. The meaning of numbers in the life of F.M. Dostoevsky………………….....7

2.3.Features of the inclusion of numerical symbolism in the novel.........8

3. Conclusion……………………………………………………….....13

4. List of used literature……………………………...15

Introduction

Only then is a symbol a true symbol,

when it is inexhaustibly limitless

in its meaning. It has many faces, many meanings and is always dark in its depth.

D. Merezhkovsky

A symbol always excites thought, opens up freedom of association, activates the imagination, and evokes a hidden thrill of feelings and thoughts. The symbol attracts one with its mystery, unpredictability, and the vagueness of its meaning, thereby opening up endless scope for reflection and interpretation, an endless prospect for search. A symbol can demonstrate its semantic capabilities, since the symbol is capable of conveying implied meanings. The perception of a symbol is unique every time. A symbol always has something to say, there is always something to add to it. The peculiarity of the symbol is precisely that in none of the situations in which it is used can it be interpreted unambiguously. Even for the same author in one work, a symbol can have unlimited amount values. An example of a work from title to epilogue built on symbols is the novel “Crime and Punishment” by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.

The number of characters in the work is huge:

Symbols of "crime"(the word “crime”, the word “indecision”, the name of the main character).

Symbols of "death"(axe, iron, stone, copper, mortgage).

Symbols of spiritual rebirth(clean linen, pernicious spirit, crosses).

Symbols of both death and spiritual rebirth(threshold).

Symbols-numbers(3,4,7), but I only focused on the symbolism of the number.

In my opinion, the novel is relevant in our time, because people do not change, only names, faces and dates change, but morals, culture of life and outlook on things remain the same.
Idea of work is to interest the reader in this work, because studying “Crime and Punishment” is a pleasure. Because it is difficult to simply read, it must be studied, layer by layer, revealing new facets within the depicted world, within the characters of the characters and, of course, within oneself. All of Dostoevsky’s works, and especially this one, can be endlessly explored, studied, “wandered through it” as if through a semantic castle full of secret rooms and ghosts. This book contains the secrets of symbols, namely number symbols, which every attentive reader is in a hurry to uncover. I believe that the revelation of certain secrets will be a good motivation for reading the novel, and in the future for studying other works of Fyodor Mikhailovich.

The purpose of my research:

consider the numerical symbolism of “Crime and Punishment” as the key to understanding psychological novel Dostoevsky.

To achieve this goal, I set the following tasks:

Analyze and highlight the unifying role of symbols - numbers according to their meaning;

Conduct an analysis of the biography of F.M. Dostoevsky in order to identify the reasons for his interest in the meaning of the numbers used in the novel, their significance in the life of the writer.

Establish the relationship between real events in the life of Dostoevsky and storyline novel.

Compare the characters and events of the novel “Crime and Punishment” with the text of the Gospel and the Bible.

5. Observe how the values of numerical symbols change in accordance with the development of the plot and the change in the hero’s state.

The basis of my research work included, first of all, a careful reading literary work and the text of the Gospel, which F.M. Dostoevsky repeatedly refers to in his work. And, of course, in my work I also turned to critical literature, which helped me draw the most important conclusions on the stated topic.

The reasons for F.M. Dostoevsky’s appeal to the history of numbers.

In the course of researching the writer’s biography, I identified reasons that could explain Dostoevsky’s interest in number symbols. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was seriously involved in mathematics at the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School, which he graduated in 1843. Despite the fact that he was not a professional and looked at what was happening in mathematics (with mathematics) from the outside, he imagined its language and could sense those paradoxes that had already invaded science and to which many professional mathematicians had not yet paid due attention.

Dostoevsky studied quite deeply works of the Pythagoreans. He agrees with the Pythagorean thesis: "All things are numbers."

And, of course, I cannot help but note the most important reason for Dostoevsky’s appeal to numerology - this life circumstances, which haunted Dostoevsky throughout his life.

The origin of the writer is from a religious family. Interest in numbers was often of a religious and mystical nature, because raised in a patriarchal and religious family that sacredly revered all church rites, Fyodor was interested in the sacred stories of the Old and New Testaments.

F.M. Dostoevsky is the son of a priest, a doctor at the Moscow Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor, and nee M.F. Nechaeva, a religious woman who taught her children to read from the book “One Hundred and Four Sacred Stories of the Old and New Testaments.” As a child, Fedor and his parents often visited Moscow churches and cathedrals, as well as the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Great-uncle of the writer V.M. Katelnitsky, a professor at Moscow University, took little Fedya and his brothers and sisters to Christmas festivities.

The next reason is that Dostoevsky's artistic beginning was closely connected with the philosophical beginning. He absorbed the experience of literature, both Russian writers and writers of other nations. Tireless reading and reflection on the works of Shakespeare, Byron and Dickens, Cervantes and Schiller, Corneille, Racine, Balzac, George Sand, and the books of the utopians “brought about” organic integration into the national literary heritage, enriched its understanding, helped to reveal the importance of what is in other cases would remain in the shadows.

Revolutionary circles, meeting monks. Dostoevsky's participation in these circles, fighting the autocratic system and promoting utopian socialists, testified to his desire to find a way to eradicate social evils. About the desire to be useful to his homeland and his people, as a result of which the writer is arrested and sentenced to death, which is changed to hard labor at the moment when the convicts are already awaiting execution. The impressions of hard labor and military service influenced Dostoevsky’s beliefs. Now he, together with his representatives, preaches rapprochement with the people on a religious basis. moral basis and convinces himself that Christ is the embodiment of purity and truth, the ideal of a martyr who accepted suffering for the sake of the future salvation of mankind.

The situation in the country. Decembrist uprising, social movements, abolition of serfdom.

Also, if we take the excerpt “An Experience about Man” by critics K.I. Tyunkin and M.M. Stakhanova from F.M. Dostoevsky’s book “The Return of Man” about the World Historical Crisis religious consciousness. The existing ideological system, devoid of a Center, fell apart. And the man of the new, “open” consciousness was forced to re-search for answers to the eternal moral and philosophical questions of existence. Man has embarked on the path of independent knowledge. We can say that Dostoevsky began to look for answers to the questions that interested him through the method of knowledge and study of sacred history.

But, one way or another, it is possible to argue that it was precisely his own fate that forced the writer to remember the biblical story and include it in the novel as symbols, including symbols - numbers.

The meaning of numbers in the life of F.M. Dostoevsky.

The birth of F.M. Dostoevsky on October 30 (November 11), 1821 cannot but be called a “difficult gift” of fate or a strange coincidence.

The number 30 is the number of Judas’ betrayal; it was on this day that Judas Iscariot betrayed his teacher, Jesus Christ.

The number 11 is the number of the highest justice and, following from this, the birth of a writer should be considered the birth of a man of the highest justice.

From this information, it becomes unclear whether Dostoevsky’s birthday is a day of justice or a day of betrayal, but I believe that this is the day when justice follows betrayal.

The next “gift” of fate is the number of children in the Dostoevsky family. There were seven of them together with Fedor. Dostoevsky also served in the Siberian Line Battalion No. 7 - 7 - means the union of God and man.

Dostoevsky's father sat four-year-old Fedya in front of a book, repeating

"Learn!" The writer was also sentenced to 4 years of hard labor.

And finally, the number 9.

Universally recognized and widely famous writer dies on February 9 (new style) 1881, at 8:38 pm, that is, on February 9 at almost 9 o’clock Dostoevsky died.

What people mean by this figure is that inner world person connects with the outside world. The Creator manifests itself as fully as possible in the material world, containing the entire cycle of existence. Nine is a symbol of transition to new round development. We can say that Dostoevsky did not die, but moved to a new stage of development, which is not visible to the common man.

In my opinion, it was fate that distributed life cycle writer, in many ways, associated with numbers. As fate would have it, Dostoevsky's life took sudden turns, which forced him to include these very figures in the novel.

Features of including numerical symbolism in a novel

"Crime and Punishment".

We already know that the writer had been nurturing the basic ideas of the novel for a long time, perhaps in the vaguest form, since hard labor. Work on it was carried out with enthusiasm and elation, despite the material need. Genetically connected with the unrealized idea of “Drunken”, Dostoevsky’s new novel summed up the work of the 1840-50s, continuing central themes those years. Social motives received in him a deep philosophical sound, inseparable from the moral drama of Raskolnikov, the “theoretician murderer,” the modern Napoleon, who, according to the writer, “ends up being forced to denounce himself... so that, although he may die in hard labor, but to join the people again...” .

Of course, in addition to the fact that the novel is imbued with an ideological line, we see that numerical symbolism and sacred history play an important role in it. Dostoevsky paid great attention to them. The choice of numbers was also not easy. He chose them from a philosophical point of view. Each number in the novel has its own meaning, each number is symbolic. Symbolism of numbers in the novel is based on Christianity, mythology, folklore. Gospel motifs take on a new meaning.

In my opinion, Dostoevsky made the invention of events and the choice of numbers, taking into account the history of Holy Scripture, his own life and position in the country.

Folklore and Gospel number “three”(in folklore - three roads, in Vasnetsov’s painting “The Knight at the Crossroads” - the hero is depicted near a stone, choosing his path, he thinks which road he will take, three meetings, three sons, three obstacles, in the Gospel - three denials of Peter, Jesus Lake Gennesaret turned to Peter with a question three times. For three years the owner searched for fruit on the fig tree) plays a significant role in the novel “Crime and Punishment.”

Marfa Petrovna left Duna three thousand rubles in her will. Raskolnikov rang the old woman's bell three times and hit her with an ax three times. Three meetings between Raskolnikov and Porfiry Petrovich summarize the philosophical content of the novel. On the third day after the murder, “the most unexpected fact", Dunya shoots three steps away; Svidrigailov gives three tickets to Sonya; Razumikhin waits three hours for Raskolnikov to wake up; Marfa Petrovna “came three times” to Svidrigailov; Sonya has three roads; Sonya has a “large room with three windows.” Pulcheria Alexandrovna and Dunya had three rubles left;

Raskolnikov thought about three roads for Sonya: “throw into a ditch, end up in a madhouse, or... or, finally, throw into debauchery...”;

The next number is thirty...(also contains the number “THREE”).

“...This very half-shtof was bought with her money,” said Marmeladov, exclusively addressing Raskolnikov. - She took out thirty kopecks, with her own hands, the last, everything that happened, I saw for myself... She didn’t say anything, she just looked at me silently... It’s not like that on earth, but there... people grieve for people, cry, but don’t reproach, don't reproach!..

…“Hey, you,” he shouted to the sexton, standing up and taking his cap, “how much is it from me?”

“Just thirty kopecks, sir,” he answered, running up...”

Thirty kopecks, the last thirty rubles. It was no coincidence that Dostoevsky chose the number 30. Marfa Petrovna bought Svidrigailov out of debt for 30 thousand, and he betrayed her (attempted on her life). At nine o'clock in the evening Sonya laid out 30 rubles in front of Katerina Ivanovna and thereby sacrificed herself to save the hungry children. I believe that the introduction of this number, as well as others, into the product was not accidental. Many important events are associated with this number:

This is the birth of a writer;

At the age of 30, Jesus began his ministry on earth;

According to the Gospel, the price for which Judas Iscariot betrayed his teacher Jesus Christ was thirty pieces of silver. “Thirty pieces of silver” means payment for betrayal;

Joshua declared mourning for 30 days.

Dostoevsky still secretly connects his novel with Holy Scripture, but the very appearance of the number 30 in the text serves as the beginning for this.

Number 730 – 730 steps to the gate of Raskolnikov’s house.

730 With symbolic of the beginning of the reign of Hosea- the last king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. He reigned for nine years s730 to 721 before the Nativity of Christ, “and he did what was evil in the sight of the Lord.”

The number of steps already speaks of Raskolnikov’s wrong life.

Another non-random number in the text is “four”. The number four is fundamental. In nature there are four seasons, four directions (north, south, west, east) - four cardinal directions. Sonya's words: “stand at the crossroads. Bow down, kiss the ground first... bow down to the whole world in all four directions”; There are four Gospels in the Bible.

In the Revelation of John the Theologian there are four animals (chapter 4); 4 angels, 4 corners, 4 winds (chapter 7); 4 Names of Satan (Ch. 12)

Let's give a few examples.

“...They entered from the courtyard and passed the 4th floor. The further the stairs went, the darker they became. It was already almost eleven o’clock, and although at this time there is no real night in St. Petersburg, it was very dark at the top of the stairs...

…The office was from him quarter versts. She just moved to a new apartment in new house, on the 4th floor.

…He entered this room (the fourth in order), cramped and crowded with people...

…Stand at the crossroads, bow to the whole world for everything four sides..."

Raskolnikov hides things in the yard under a stone. Where is it being built four-story house.

Reading about Lazarus occurs through four days after Raskolnikov’s crime, that is, after four days after his moral death.

Why does Dostoevsky pay such attention to this figure too?

Analyzing the text of the Bible and taking into account the events occurring at this time in the life of F.M. Dostoevsky, I must say that this choice occurred because of:

2. Due to the fact that the gospel consists of the first four books new testament

3. Dostoevsky was sentenced to 4 years of hard labor followed by conscription as a soldier, and he wrote to his younger brother Mikhail “And those four I count the years during which I was buried alive and buried in a coffin; leaving hard labor is like a bright awakening and resurrection into a new life for me.”

4.But the most important thing Dostoevsky probably knew that the number 4 is the number of the world order, it is symbolic of the parable of the resurrection of Lazarus. In the novel, the meaning of this number at first seems to say: “No! Stop! Change your mind” - and then it means that you are on the right path, you are on the mend and this is true...

Number six in Dostoevsky, as in Ashanti mythology (a tribe in Tropical Africa), it is a number associated with death, grief, sadness and the inability to change anything. The house of the old pawnbroker was “enormous” (Dostoevsky meant a six-story house), Raskolnikov’s little room was “six steps away,” the younger brother died at six months.

Speaking about the symbolism of numbers in the novel, one cannot help but pay attention to what appears there more than oncenumber 7 : The number 7 is also the most consistent and frequently repeated in the novel. The novel has 7 parts: 6 parts and an epilogue. The fatal time for Raskolnikov is 7 pm. The number 7 literally haunts Raskolnikov. “Raskolnikov had a terrible dream. He is about seven years old and is walking on a holiday, in the evening, with his father outside the city...

…therefore, the old woman, exactly at seven o’clock in the evening, will be left at home alone...

…someone shouted:

-Seven o'clock for a long time!..." .

Svidrigailov lived with Marfa Petrovna for only 7 years, but for him they were like 7 years of hard labor.

Theologians call the number 7 a truly holy number, since the number 7 is

connection of the number 3, symbolizing divine perfection (Holy

Trinity) and the number 4 – the number of the world order. Let's remember mythology: seven and Russian folklore: seven days of the week, seven primary colors, seven tones of the musical scale, seven wonders of the world, seven daughters of Atlas, etc. It is necessary to remember the solid advice in folk wisdom– check seven times before you want to do something important.

Therefore, the number 7 is a symbol of the “union” of God and man. Therefore, by “sending” Raskolnikov to murder precisely at 7 o’clock in the evening, Dostoevsky dooms him to defeat in advance, since he wants to break this union in order to become a Man again, Raskolnikov must go through this “truly holy number" Therefore, in the epilogue of the novel, the number 7 appears again, but not as a symbol of death, but as a saving number:

“They still had seven years left. Seven years, only 7 years! At the beginning of their happiness, they were both ready to look at these 7 years as 7 days.”

According to the Bible, there were 7 years of famine on earth. The Bible contains 77 books, that is, 11 times 7.

The next symbolic number is 11. The number 11 is the number of the highest justice (7+4=11). The number everyone is connected to noble deeds and repentance. The number 11 is not accidental here. Dostoevsky well remembered the Gospel parable that “the kingdom of heaven is like the owner of a house who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard.” He went out to hire workers at three o'clock, at six, at nine, and finally at eleven. And in the evening, at the time of payment, the manager, by order of the owner, paid everyone equally, starting with those who came at the eleventh hour. And the latter became the first in fulfillment of some higher justice.

At eleven o'clock Raskolnikov and Marmeladov came to Katerina Ivanovna's house. Raskolnikov comes to Sonya in eleven hours to confess what he did. After visiting Sonya “the next morning in eleven o'clock, Raskolnikov entered the investigative police department of Porfiry Petrovich to confess to committing a crime.

This repeated use of the number 11 is directly related to the Gospel text. This figure is associated with the parable of the winegrower and the workers.

Having attributed the meetings of Raskolnikov with Marmeladov, Sonya with Porfiry Petrovich to 11 o’clock, Dostoevsky reminds that it is not too late in this Gospel hour to confess and repent, to become the first from the last to come at the eleventh hour.

Thus, Dostoevsky retained the meaning of the Gospel numbers: 7; 3;4. throughout the text. In A Writer's Diary, Dostoevsky more than once talks about the power of impressions, especially the earliest ones. For the writer himself, such an early impression was reading the Gospel, and this is the reason for the inclusion of numbers - symbols - in the novel.

Conclusion

The study found that religious family, hard labor with the “Gospel”, social movements and the revolutionary crisis of the 60s give Dostoevsky a restless, searching thought, an unrestrained and rebellious thought. At the same time, the writer shows immersion in the vast world of universal human and national culture. Dostoevsky “unravels man” throughout his life.”

The numerical symbolism of the novel is associated with biblical parables. Let's present the results of our research.

“The Unraveling of Man” led Dostoevsky to become interested in the Holy Scriptures. His ideology began to intertwine with the history of the church. “...It’s not like a boy that I believe in Christ and confess Him, but through a great crucible of doubts my hosanna passed...” - we will read these words in F. Dostoevsky’s last notebook. These words contain the key to understanding the writer’s entire legacy.

All this served as the beginning for Dostoevsky in his knowledge biblical stories and riddles of numerical symbolism.

All characters and events in the novel are closely related to the text of the Bible.

Fyodor Mikhailovich connects his novel not only with Holy Scripture, but also compares it with his own own life and events in the world.

Until the end of his days, Dostoevsky correlated everything that happened in Europe with a religious revolution.

It was Dostoevsky’s ideological judgment, life circumstances and his fate that led the writer to introduce church history into the novel, which included symbolic numerical diversity. So, from the above, the conclusion follows: the novel “Crime and Punishment” is filled with the smallest details that we do not perceive at first glance. These are biblical numbers. They are reflected in our subconscious. And what Dostoevsky kept silent about speaks eloquently to us through the symbols on the pages of the novel.

Considering their repeated alternation, she proves that the essence of the number, the sequence of events and the series of changes occurring in the lives of the main characters are interconnected, and sometimes caused by the appearance of its magical properties. I think that this work will be of interest to everyone who is not indifferent to the work of Dostoevsky.

List of used literature

4. Borislav Arapovich and Vera Matelmäki. Children's Bible - Stockholm: Institute for Bible Translation, 1941 – 531 pp.

5.Big school encyclopedia: T.2. Humanitarian sciences. Literature / Author-compiler S. Ismailova. M.: Russian Encyclopedic Partnership, 2004 – 704 p.

6. Dolinina, N. Preface to Dostoevsky / N. Dolinina. - Leningrad: “Children’s Literature”, 1980 – 254 p.

7. Dostoevsky, F.M. Crime and punishment / F.M. Dostoevsky. - M.: Education, 1982. – 480 s.

8. Dostoevsky, F.M. Return of Man / F.M. Dostoevsky; Entry Art. K.I. Tyunkin, M.M. Stakhanova. – M.: Sov. Russia, 1989. – 560s.

9. Kashina, N.V. Man in the works of F.M. Dostoevsky / N.V. Kashin. – M.: Artist. lit., 1986. – 318 p.

10. Kosidovsky, Z. Tales of the Evangelists /Z. Kosidovsky - M.: political publishing house. Literature, 1977 – 264 p.

11. Kirpotin, V.Ya. Dostoevsky the artist / V.Ya. Kirpotin. - M., “Soviet Writer”, 1972. – 320 p.

12. Nikolsky, N.M. History of the Russian Church./ N. M. Nikolsky; 4th ed. – M.: Polit. publishing house, 1988. - 448 p.

13. Glory to you, brothers, enlighteners of the Slavs: Collection of materials for the celebration of the Day Slavic writing and culture. – Novosibirsk: Orthodox Gymnasium in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh, 1996. – 74 p.

14. Yakushin, N.I. Life and work of F.M. Dostoevsky / N.I. Yakushin. - M.: Det. lit., 1996. – 56 p.

In many works, numbers play a large role in creating the desired effect, carrying an encrypted message for the reader or, conversely, helping him to fully understand the meaning. Including symbolic numbers you can often find in the Bible. In his novel, Dostoevsky often draws a parallel with it or, using the same numbers, creates references to fragments of Holy Scripture.

Most often in the text you can find the numbers “4, 3, 7, 11, 30”, but the most common is 3

Mention in the novel

in the magazine version the novel was divided into three parts

Three or four janitors served here.

when even the kids don’t see the crust for three days!

And Daria Frantsevna, a malicious woman and many times known to the police, visited three times through the landlady.

there were three old chairs

From whom, I don’t know. I gave my three kopecks to the postman. Will you give it back, or what?

well, there... and there again the hospital... wine... taverns... and another hospital... two or three years later - a cripple,

Here you go! And the other day, at Gambrinus, I took three games in a row from you at billiards!

He had already gone down three stairs when suddenly a loud noise was heard below - where to go!

And they were completely drunk and then asked three drinks again

But excuse me, how did they come up with such a contradiction: they themselves claim that they knocked and that the door was locked, but three minutes later, when the janitor came, it turns out that the door was unlocked?

and take three rubles: since I took for the entire translation in advance, for the first and second sheet, then, therefore, three rubles will go directly to your share. And if you finish the sheet, you’ll get three more rubles.

The driver of one of the carriages lashed him firmly on the back with a whip because he almost got run over by the horses, despite the fact that the coachman shouted to him three or four times.

Hurry up and have some tea, Nastasya, because it seems like tea can be done without the faculty. But here's the beer! - he moved to his chair, pulled soup and beef towards him and began to eat with such appetite, as if he had not eaten for three days.

I've been waiting for you for three hours; I came in twice, you were asleep.

Here, firstly, are three shirts, canvas, but with a fashionable top...

Rodya had been sick for five days and had been delirious for three days, but now he woke up and even ate with appetite.

I spoke with purpose, otherwise all this self-indulgence chatter, all these incessant, incessant commonplaces, and all the same and all the same, became so disgusting at the age of three that, by God, I blush when I others, not like me, talk to me

Raskolnikov took out as much as he could: three dimes.

He shouted, it’s true, he shouted at him three times,” another voice responded.

Exactly three times, everyone heard! - shouted the third.

Here, three houses away,” he fussed, “the house of Kozel, a German, rich...

In three years you will no longer get up for the sick...

well, in the three years of your separation a lot of water has gone

When?.. - Raskolnikov paused, remembering, - yes, three days before her death, I was with her, it seems. However, I’m not going to buy things now

Logic predicts three cases, and there are a million of them!

What are you doing? - Razumihin suddenly shouted, as if coming to his senses and realizing, - but the dyers were painting on the very day of the murder, and he was there three days before? What are you asking?

Marfa Petrovna deigns to visit,” he said, twisting his mouth into some strange smile.

How can you visit this?

Yes, I came three times. The first time I saw her was on the very day of the funeral, an hour after the cemetery.

In addition, he positively informed me that Marfa Petrovna, a week before her death, managed to leave you, Dunya, three thousand rubles in her will, and you can now receive this money in the very near future. Pulcheria Alexandrovna looked at her timidly; however, three thousand apparently calmed her down

Oh, Rodya, in the morning we only had three rubles left to our name,

It was Razumikhin who dreamed of publishing, having already worked for others for two years and had a good knowledge of three European languages.

It is special, separate, not connected to these rooms, and furnished, the price is moderate, three bedrooms.

“There are three ways for her,” he thought: “to throw herself into a ditch, end up in a madhouse, or... or, finally, to throw herself into debauchery, which stupefies the mind and petrifies the heart.”

“In three weeks, at the seventh mile, you’re welcome! It seems I’ll be there myself, if things don’t get worse,” he muttered to himself.

Sonya hesitantly stepped towards the table, listening incredulously to Raskolnikov’s strange desire. However, I took the book

There were about five hundred rubles left on the table, in credit tickets, and between them three tickets, worth a hundred rubles each.

and all the time I was in extreme embarrassment, so that even three times, in the middle of the conversation, they got up and for some reason hurried to leave, although our conversation was not yet over

All three Polish girls were terribly excited and shouted to him incessantly: “Pané Laidak!”

At that moment someone knocked on the door three times.

Now. Have you seen it since then? Where are you hanging around, please tell me, I’ve already visited you three times.

No, gloomy: I’m not doing any harm, but I’m sitting in the corner; sometimes they won’t talk for three days.

I have money; I'll get a ticket in three days

In this garden there was one thin one, three year old tree and three bushes

(in the wallet there were three hundred and seventeen rubles in silver and three two-kopeck rubles;

Only three workers went there

The number three appears everywhere in the text, it would seem that it replaces all possible numbers.

“in three steps” appears very often in the text

Let's draw a parallel with the Gospel. Number 3 reflects the divine essence of phenomena: at the age of 30, Jesus began his ministry on earth; the payment for which Judas betrayed Jesus Christ was thirty pieces of silver. Trinity: God, Son of God and Holy Spirit. The resurrection of Jesus in three days. Three crosses on Calvary

In scripture it means:

1) Betrayal

2) warning of impending trouble, misfortune

3) hope and renewal

The same motifs are found in Crime and Punishment:

1) Svidrigailov betrayed Marfa Petrovna after she bought him out of debt for 30 thousand. Sonya laid out 30 kopecks in front of Katerina Ivanovna, the last thirty kopecks for Marmeladov, both probably felt like Judas at that moment.

2) Raskolnikov knocks on the old woman’s door 3 times and hits her with an ax 3 times. He suffered for three days before the murder, came to the old woman three times,

3) and on her neck she had two crosses + a copper icon = 3. Sonya has 3 windows in her room. Svidrigailov gives Sonya 3 thousand rubles in the form of charity; Sonya earns thirty rubles on her first day of work

The magic of numbers in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

In her work “The Magic of Numbers in Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment,” the student reveals the symbolic meaning of numbers, based on the Pythagorean view of numbers. Considering their repeated alternation, she proves that the essence of the number, the sequence of events and the series of changes occurring in the lives of the main characters are interconnected, and sometimes caused by the appearance of its magical properties. This work will be of interest to everyone who is partial to the work of Dostoevsky.

Goals: 1) try to understand digital

symbolism of Dostoevsky using the example of the novel “Crime and Punishment”;

2) understand how the magic of numbers helps to reveal the inner world of the heroes, their relationship to the surrounding reality.

Nothing is liked except beauty, in beauty -

nothing but forms, in forms nothing but pro-

portions, in proportions - nothing but a number.

V. Augustin

IN explanatory dictionary S.I. Ozhegova says that the word symbol has two meanings:

– firstly, it is “an object or action that serves as a conventional sign of some concept, something abstract.”

– Secondly, " summary fundamental tenets of the Christian religion."

A number is also a symbol that expresses something whole, complete, symbolizing order, integrity and indivisibility, like the harmony of color, music and words.

Dostoevsky’s digital symbolism occupies a special place in his work. By revealing the meaning and magic of the number, I tried to reveal the magic of the word, which in itself is a mystery.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky seriously studied mathematics at the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School, which he graduated in 1843. Despite the fact that he was not a professional and looked at what was happening in mathematics (with mathematics) from the outside, he imagined its language and method and could feel those paradoxes that had already invaded science and which many professional mathematicians had not yet paid due attention to attention.

“For me personally,” Einstein said, “works of art give me a feeling of supreme happiness; from them I draw such spiritual bliss as in any other area….

But if you ask who arouses my greatest interest now, I will answer: Dostoevsky!”

These words of Einstein, spoken by him in a conversation with the German publicist of the early 20th century A. Moszkowski, have been exciting the minds of both scientists and artists for more than half a century.

Hundreds of articles comment on the words of the great physicist, various hypotheses and interpretations are put forward, parallels are drawn between the dream of F.M. Dostoevsky about social and moral harmony and the search for the universal harmony of the universe, to which Einstein devoted his life.

World harmony and beauty are similar to the harmony of numbers. Dostoevsky said that it is kindness and beauty that will save the world. The knowledge of beauty comes through climbing an imaginary ladder up or down. The number of steps may vary, depending on the severity of the climb. Moreover, you can not only go up the stairs, but also down them.

Researchers have noticed that in the field of verbal symbolism in Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment,” one word-image occupies a special place. This is exactly the word ladder. In the story, excluding the final part. Raskolnikov climbs and descends the stairs at least 48 times.

He must go up and down from his attic room to the street. He climbs the stairs to get to Marmeladov's room; he must go up several floors to the old pawnbroker's apartment; and to the police office; and to Sonya's room. An important factor, however, is that moments of stress or vibration occur characteristically on stairs.

Setting out to implement his plan, he has to “go down his thirteen steps, carefully, silently, “like a cat.”

13 is traditionally an unlucky number. This number, which exceeds by one a complete set, a dozen, is fraught with an explosion, an unknown transition to a new quality, and therefore dangerous. This descent down is further aggravated by the comparison, like a cat.

On the threshold, in a passage room that opens directly onto the staircase, the Marmeladov family lives (here, on the threshold, when Raskolnikov brought the drunken Marmeladov, he meets members of this family for the first time).

At the threshold of the old woman he killed, he experiences terrible moments when, on the other side of the door, on the landing of the stairs, Koch and Pestryakov stand. He comes here again and rings the bell himself to relive these moments.

On the threshold, in the corridor, near the lantern, a scene of half-confession to Razumikhin takes place, without words, with just glances. On the threshold, at the door to the next room, his conversations with Sonya take place (and on the other side of the doors Svidrigailov overhears them).

A threshold, an entrance hall, a corridor, a platform, a staircase, its steps, doors open to the staircase, gates, courtyards, and beyond this - the city: squares, streets, facades, taverns, bridges, ditches. This is the space of this novel. And among all this - addresses and numbers, numbers...

Seeing in numbers the essence of phenomena, the beginning of principles, the Pythagoreans believed that real bodies consist of “units of being” - “mathematical atoms”, various combinations of which represent specific objects.

They even thought of the universe as a collection of numbers. The Pythagoreans represented the numbers themselves visually and materially: the unit was interpreted as an absolute and indivisible unit, i.e. point, "geometric atom" or the fundamental principle of all numbers; two – as going into an unknown distance, i.e. a straight line extending in one dimension; three – a triangle forming a plane of two dimensions, and a return to certainty; four is a pyramid, giving an idea of the space of three dimensions.

In general, the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 played a special role among the Pythagoreans and formed a tetractys, or four. According to legend, the Pythagorean oath read: “I swear by the name of Tetractys, sent down to our souls. In it is the source and roots of ever-blooming nature.” The special role of tetractys was apparently inspired by the laws of musical consonances, after which all natural objects were seen by the Pythagoreans as consisting of fours: four geometric elements - point, line, surface, body; The four physical elements are earth, water, fire, air. The sum of the numbers forming the tetractys, equal to ten (10 = 1+2+3+4), was considered a sacred number and personified the entire universe.

Thus was born the famous Pythagorean thesis: “All things are numbers.” The interest in numbers among the Pythagoreans often had a religious and mystical character. We still find some echoes of Pythagorean numerical mysticism today: for example, the custom of giving an odd number of flowers (an even number was considered unlucky).

L. Downer drew attention to the often repeated number “four” in the novel. The staircase leads to a literally repeating level of height - to the fourth floor.

The victim's apartment is on the fourth floor of the building; Raskolnikov hides stolen things in the courtyard where a four-story house is being built; Marmeladov’s wretched room is on the fourth floor; The police office is located on the fourth floor and Raskolnikov heads towards the fourth room. After the crime, Raskolnikov was in a delirious state for four days. In the story of the resurrection of Lazarus, which Sonya reads to Rodion, Lazarus was dead for four days. This story is found in the 4th Gospel (Gospel of John). Raskolnikov experiences four main delusions. Thus, we have eight (twice four) appearances of the number "four", all connected with Raskolnikov's crime, his guilt and confession.

8 – double four. Unity of forces and means; the number of Druidry, which softens through the unity of opposite qualities the bad influence of the four on a person’s fate.

The number four is fundamental. There are four seasons. Four directions, four-cell stages in embryonic development, four elements.

To this we must add that the symbolism of numbers in Dostoevsky’s works, in particular in Crime and Punishment, goes back to folklore and biblical symbolism: the four cardinal directions - Sonya’s words: “stand at the crossroads. Bow down, kiss the ground first... bow down to the whole world in all four directions”; four Gospels. In the Revelation of John the Theologian there are four animals (chapter 4); 4 angels, 4 corners, 4 winds (chapter 7); 4 Names of Satan (Ch. 12)

Having given numerous examples of the “strikingly stable image” of four-story houses and the fourth floor in Crime and Punishment, V.N. Toporov concludes: “This four-member vertical structure is semantically associated with the motives of narrowness, horror, violence, poverty and is thereby opposed to the four-member horizontal structure (on all four sides), associated with the idea of space, good will, salvation. In Dostoevsky, number is introduced into the world and determines not only its dimensions, but also its highest essence.

The folklore and gospel number “three” (in folklore there are three roads, in Vereshchagin’s painting “The Knight at the Crossroads” the hero is depicted near a stone, choosing his path, he thinks about which road he will take, three meetings, three sons, three obstacles, in the Gospel - three denials of Peter, Jesus at Lake Gennesaret asked Peter a question three times. The owner searched for fruit on the fig tree for three years) plays a significant role in the novel Crime and Punishment.

Marfa Petrovna left Duna three thousand rubles in her will, Sonya took the last thirty kopecks to Marmeladov for a hangover. And he, like Katerina Ivanovna before, to whom Sonya “silently paid thirty rubles,” could not help but feel like Judas at this shameful moment for him. Marfa Petrovna ransomed Svidrigailov for thirty thousand pieces of silver, just as, according to the Gospel story, Judas once betrayed Christ for thirty thousand pieces of silver. Raskolnikov rang the old woman's bell three times and hit her with an ax three times. Three meetings between Raskolnikov and Porfiry Petrovich summarize the philosophical content of the novel. On the third day after the murder, “the most unexpected fact is suddenly announced,” Dunya shoots three steps away; Svidrigailov gives three tickets to Sonya; Razumikhin waits three hours for Raskolnikov to wake up; Marfa Petrovna “came three times” to Svidrigailov; Sonya has three roads; Sonya has a “large room with three windows”, etc.

In the Gospel, given to Dostoevsky in Tobolsk by the wives of the Decembrists before the Petrashevites were sent to hard labor, individual notes indicate that the writer also highlighted the Gospel numbers.

The number 7 is the most stable and, apparently, symbolic number in Crime and Punishment. The novel itself consists of seven parts - 6 parts and an epilogue - the first two parts consist of seven chapters each. The fatal time for Raskolnikov is 7 pm. The number 7 literally haunts Raskolnikov. He learns that exactly at 7 o'clock the old woman will be left at home alone. “He had just taken out the mortgage when suddenly someone shouted somewhere in the yard: “It’s been a long time!”

And the number 7 here, of course, is not accidental. According to the teachings of the Pythagoreans, the number 7 is a symbol of holiness, health and intelligence. Theologians call the number 7 “a truly holy number, since the number 7 is a combination of the number 3, symbolizing divine perfection, and the number 4, the number of world order; therefore, the number 7 itself is a symbol of the “union” of God with Man, a symbol of communication between God and his creation. The Bible says that on the seventh day God rested. “And God finished on the seventh day His work that He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work that He had done.

“And every clean animal...seven male and female” Noah must take into the ark (The First Book of Moses. Genesis, Chapter 7). There were 7 fruitful years in Egypt and 7 lean years (Genesis. Ch.41). Every 7th day and every 7th year are holy.

It can be assumed that by “sending” his hero to kill precisely at 7 o’clock, Dostoevsky thereby dooms him to defeat in advance, since he wants to break the “union” of God with Man. That is why, in order to restore this “union” again, in order to become a Man again, Raskolnikov must go through this “truly holy number.” Therefore, in the epilogue of the novel, the number 7 appears again, but not as a symbol of death, but as a saving number: “They still had seven years left; Until then, how much unbearable torment and how much endless happiness!...

Let's remember mythology: seven and Russian folklore: seven days of the week, seven primary colors, seven tones of the musical scale, seven wonders of the world, seven daughters of Atlas, etc. It is necessary to remember the solid advice in folk wisdom - check seven times before you want to do something - that's important.

The repeated reference in the novel to eleven o'clock is also directly related to the Gospel text. “It was eleven o’clock when he went out into the street,” Dostoevsky notes the time of Raskolnikov’s departure from the deceased Marmeladov. And here is the time of arrival to Sonya: “I’m late... Is it eleven o’clock? – he asked, still not raising his eyes to her. “Yes,” Sonya muttered. - Oh yes, there is! - she suddenly hurried, as if this was the outcome for her, - now the owners have struck, ... and I heard it myself. Eat

After visiting Sonya, “the next morning, at exactly eleven o’clock, Raskolnikov entered the investigative police department and asked to report about himself to Porfiry Petrovich.

The number 11 is not accidental here. Dostoevsky well remembered the Gospel parable that “the kingdom of heaven is like the owner of a house who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard.” He went out to hire workers at three o'clock, at six, at nine, and finally at eleven. And in the evening, at the time of payment, the manager, by order of the owner, paid everyone equally, starting with those who came at the eleventh hour. And the latter became the first in fulfillment of some higher justice.

Having attributed Raskolnikov’s meetings with Marmeladov, Sonya and Porfiry Petrovich to 11 o’clock, Dostoevsky reminds that it is not too late for Raskolnikov in this Gospel hour to confess and repent and become the first from the last, who came at the eleventh hour.

Analyzing Dostoevsky’s work, Karen Stepanyan wrote: “In fact, Dostoevsky is a very optimistic and inspiring writer, for in his works one can always see light and ways out of the most difficult situations.” And I completely agree with this.

Bibliography:

Y. Seleznev “In the world of Dostoevsky.”

S. V. Belov “Roman F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment"

A.V. Voloshin “Mathematics of Art”.

V. Parnov “Lucifer’s track”

"New world". Number 5. 2006. “Goal and Hope”: the prophetic art of Dostoevsky.

6. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”

Dostoevsky digital symbolism novel

There is nothing to like except beauty, in beauty there is nothing but forms, in forms there is nothing but proportions, in proportions there is nothing but numbers.

V. Augustin

In the explanatory dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov it is said that the word symbol has two meanings:

- firstly, it is “an object or action that serves as a conventional sign of some concept, something abstract.”
- secondly, “a summary of the fundamental tenets of the Christian religion.”

A number is also a symbol that expresses something whole, complete, symbolizing order, integrity and indivisibility, like the harmony of color, music and words.

Dostoevsky’s digital symbolism occupies a special place in his work. By revealing the meaning and magic of the number, I tried to reveal the magic of the word, which in itself is a mystery.

“For me personally,” Einstein said, “works of art give me a feeling of supreme happiness; from them I draw such spiritual bliss as in any other area….

But if you ask who arouses my greatest interest now, I will answer: Dostoevsky!”

World harmony and beauty are like the harmony of numbers. Dostoevsky said that it is kindness and beauty that will save the world. The knowledge of beauty comes through climbing an imaginary ladder up or down. The number of steps may vary, depending on the severity of the climb.

Moreover, you can not only go up the stairs, but also down them.

Setting out to implement his plan, he has to “go down his thirteen steps, carefully, silently, “like a cat.”

Threshold, hallway, corridor, platform, staircase, its steps, doors open to the staircase, gates, courtyards, and outside of this - the city: squares, streets, facades, taverns, bridges, ditches. This is the space of this novel. And among all this - addresses and numbers, numbers...

They even thought of the universe as a collection of numbers. The Pythagoreans represented the numbers themselves visually and materially: the unit was interpreted as an absolute and indivisible unit, i.e. point, "geometric atom" or the fundamental principle of all numbers; two - like going into an unknown distance, i.e. a straight line extending in one dimension; three - a triangle forming a plane of two dimensions, and a return to certainty; four - a pyramid that gives an idea of the space of three dimensions.

In general, the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 played a special role among the Pythagoreans and formed a tetractys, or four. According to legend, the Pythagorean oath read: “I swear by the name of Tetractys, sent down to our souls. In it is the source and roots of ever-blooming nature.” The special role of tetractys was apparently inspired by the laws of musical consonances, after which all natural objects were seen by the Pythagoreans as consisting of fours: four geometric elements - point, line, surface, body; four physical elements - earth, water, fire, air. The sum of the numbers forming the tetractys, equal to ten (10 = 1+2+3+4), was considered a sacred number and personified the entire universe.

Thus was born the famous Pythagorean thesis: “All things are numbers.” The interest in numbers among the Pythagoreans often had a religious and mystical character. We still find some echoes of Pythagorean numerical mysticism today: for example, the custom of giving odd number flowers (an even number was considered unlucky).

L. Downer drew attention to the often repeated number “four” in the novel. The staircase leads to a literally repeating level of height - to the fourth floor.

8 - double four. Unity of forces and means; the number of Druidry, which softens through the unity of opposite qualities the bad influence of the four on a person’s fate.

The number four is fundamental. There are four seasons. Four directions, four stages in embryonic development, four elements.

To this we must add that the symbolism of numbers in Dostoevsky’s works, in particular in Crime and Punishment, goes back to folklore and biblical symbolism: the four cardinal directions - the words of Sonya: “stand at the crossroads. Bow down, kiss the ground first... bow down to the whole world in all four directions”; four Gospels. In the Revelation of John the Theologian there are four animals (chapter 4); 4 angels, 4 corners, 4 winds (chapter 7); 4 Names of Satan (Ch. 12)

The folklore-evangelical number “three” (in folklore - three roads, in Vereshchagin’s painting “The Knight at the Crossroads” the hero is depicted near a stone, choosing his path, he thinks which road he will take, three meetings, three sons, three obstacles, in the Gospel - three denials of Peter, Jesus at Lake Gennesaret asked Peter a question three times. The owner searched for fruit on the fig tree for three years) plays a significant role in the novel Crime and Punishment.

“I'm late... Is it eleven o'clock? - he asked, still not raising his eyes to her. “Yes,” Sonya muttered. - Oh yes, there is! - she suddenly hurried, as if this was the outcome for her, - now the owners have struck, ... and I heard it myself. Eat".

After visiting Sonya, “the next morning, at exactly eleven o’clock, Raskolnikov entered the investigative police department and asked to report about himself to Porfiry Petrovich.”

And the latter became the first in fulfillment of some higher justice.

"Crime and Punishment" - a novel about human soul who knows how to love and hate, who distinguishes the truth of the world from the temptations of hell, or who does not have such a “talent,” and therefore “must die,” destroyed by her own passions, and not by the hellish “games” of the devil. The ability to emerge victorious from this battle, to be overthrown and to be able to ascend to the pedestal was presented by F. M. Dostoevsky in the novel with the help of the magic of numbers.

Bibliography:

1. Yu. A. Seleznev “In the world of Dostoevsky.”
2. S. V. Belov “Roman F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
3. A.V. Voloshin “Mathematics and Art.”
4. E. I. Parnov “The Throne of Lucifer”
5. V. A. Kotelnikov “Goal and hope: the prophetic art of Dostoevsky.”
6. F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment.”

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