Composition “Eternal Sonechka. Eternal sonechka The symbolic meaning of the image of eternal sonechka is briefly

I did not bow to you, I bowed to all human suffering. F. Dostoevsky. Crime and Punishment The conductor of the author's philosophy (undivided service to people) and the personification of goodness in the novel is the image of Sonya Marmeladova, who managed to resist the evil and violence around her with the strength of her own soul. F. M. Dostoevsky describes Sonya warmly and cordially: “She was a modestly and even poorly dressed girl, very young, almost like a girl, with a modest and decent manner, with a clear, but as if somewhat intimidated face. She was wearing a very simple house dress, on her head was an old hat of the same style. Like all the poor in St. Petersburg, the Marmeladov family lives in terrible poverty: both eternally drunk, resigned to a humiliating and unfair life, Marmeladov descended, and consumptive Katerina Ivanovna, and small helpless children. Seventeen-year-old Sonya finds the only way to save her family from starvation - she goes out into the street to sell her own body. For a deeply religious girl, such an act is a terrible sin, because, violating Christian commandments, she destroys her soul, dooming her to torment during her lifetime and to eternal suffering after death. And yet she sacrifices herself for the sake of her father's children, for the sake of her stepmother. The merciful, selfless Sonia finds the strength not to become hardened, not to fall into the dirt surrounding her in street life, to maintain infinite philanthropy and faith in the strength of the human person, despite the fact that she causes irreparable harm to her soul and conscience. That is why Raskolnikov, who has broken all ties with people close to him, comes to Sonya in the most difficult moments for him, brings her his pain, his crime. According to Rodion, Sonya committed a crime no less serious than he, and perhaps more terrible, since she sacrifices not someone, but herself, and this sacrifice is in vain. The girl is well aware of the guilt that lies on her conscience, because she even thought about suicide, which could save her from shame and torment in this life. But the thought of poor and helpless hungry children made her humble, forget about her suffering. Considering that Sonya did not really save anyone, but only “ruined” herself, Raskolnikov tries to convert her to his “faith” and asks her an insidious question: what is better - a scoundrel “to live and do abominations” or an honest person to die? And he receives an exhaustive answer from Sonya: “But I can’t know God’s providence ... And who put me here as a judge: who will live and who won’t live? » Rodion Raskolnikov failed to convince the girl who was firmly convinced that sacrificing oneself for the good of loved ones is one thing, and depriving others of the life in the name of this good is a completely different matter. Therefore, all the efforts of Sonya are aimed at destroying the inhuman theory of Raskolnikov, who is "terribly, infinitely unhappy." Defenseless, but strong in her humility, capable of self-denial, the “eternal Sonya” is ready to sacrifice herself for the sake of others, therefore, in her actions, life itself blurs the boundaries between good and evil. Not sparing herself, the girl saved the Marmeladov family, just as selflessly she rushes to save Raskolnikov, feeling that he needs him. According to Sonya, the way out lies in humility and the adoption of basic Christian norms, which help not only to repent of their sins, but also to be cleansed of everything evil and destructive for human soul. It is religion that helps the girl survive in this terrible world and gives hope for the future. Thanks to Sonya, Raskolnikov understands and recognizes the unviability and inhumanity of his theory, opening his heart to new feelings, and his mind to new thoughts that only love for people and faith in them can save a person. It is from this that the moral revival of the hero begins, who, thanks to the strength of Sonya's love and her ability to endure any torment, overcomes himself and takes his first step towards resurrection.

A special place in the novel "Crime and Punishment" is occupied by female images. Dostoevsky draws the girls of impoverished Petersburg with a deep sense of compassion. "Eternal Sonya" - called the heroine Raskolnikov, referring to those who will sacrifice themselves for the sake of others. In the system of images of the novel, this is Sonya Marmeladova, and Li-Zaveta, the younger sister of the old usurer Alena Ivanovna, and Dunya, Raskolnikov's sister. "Sonechka, eternal Sonechka, while the world stands" - these words can serve as an epigraph to the story about the fate of girls from poor families in Dostoevsky's novel.

Sonya Marmeladova, daughter of Semyon Marmeladov, a drunkard who lost his job, was the daughter of his first marriage. Tortured by the reproaches of her stepmother, Katerina Ivanovna, distraught from poverty and consumption, Sonya is forced to go to the panel to support her father and his family. The author portrays her as a naive, bright-hearted, weak, helpless child: “She seemed almost a girl, much younger than her years, almost a child ...”. But "...despite her eighteen years" Sonya violated the commandment "do not commit adultery." “You also transgressed, ... you were able to cross. You laid hands on yourself, you ruined your life ... your own, ”says Raskolnikov. But Sonya trades her body, not her soul, she sacrificed herself for the sake of others, and not for herself. Compassion for loved ones, humble faith in the mercy of God never left her. Dostoevsky does not show Sonya as a “thrift,” but nevertheless we know how she earns money to feed the hungry children of Katerina Ivanovna. And this glaring contrast between her pure spiritual appearance and her dirty profession, the terrible fate of this girl-child, is the most weighty proof of the criminality of society. Raskolnikov bows before Sonya and kisses her feet: “I didn’t bow to you, but bowed to all human suffering.” Sonya is always ready to help. Raskolnikov, having broken off all relations with people, comes to Sonya to learn from her love for people, the ability to accept her fate and "carry her cross."

Dunya Raskolnikova is a variant of the same Sonya: she won’t sell herself even to save herself from death, but she will sell herself for her brother, for her mother. Mother and sister loved Rodion Raskolnikov passionately. To support her brother, Dunya entered the Svidrigailov family as a governess, taking a hundred rubles in advance. She sent seventy of them to Roda.

Svidrigailov encroached on Dunya's innocence, and she was forced to leave her place in disgrace. Her purity and correctness were soon recognized, but she still could not find a practical way out: as before, poverty stood at the threshold in front of her and her mother, as before she was not able to help her brother in any way. In her hopeless situation, Dunya accepted the offer of Luzhin, who almost openly bought her, and even with humiliating, insulting conditions. But Dunya is ready to go after Luzhin for the sake of her brother, selling her calmness, freedom, conscience, body without hesitation, without grumbling, without a single complaint. Raskolnikov clearly understands this: "... Sonechkin's lot is no worse than the lot with Mr. Luzhin."

In Dun there is no Christian humility inherent in Sonya, she is resolute and desperate (she refused Luzhin, she was ready to shoot at Svidrigailov). And at the same time, her soul is just as full of love for her neighbor, like Sonya's soul.

On the pages of the novel, Lizaveta appears briefly. A student in a tavern talks about her, we see her in the scene of the murder, after the murder Sonya talks about her, Raskolnikov thinks. Gradually, the appearance of a kind, downtrodden creature, meek, similar to a big child, emerges. Lizaveta is a submissive slave of her sister Alena. The author notes: “So quiet, meek, unrequited, consonant, consonant with everything.”

In the mind of Raskolnikov, the image of Lizaveta merges with the image of Sonya. Half delirious, he thinks: “Faithful Lizaveta! Why did she turn up here? Sonya! Poor, meek, with meek eyes ... "This feeling of spiritual kinship between Sonya and Lizaveta is especially acute in the confession scene: "He looked at her and suddenly, in her face, he seemed to see Lizaveta's face." Lizaveta became "Sonya", just as kind, sympathetic, who died innocently and senselessly.

And Sonya Marmeladova, and Dunya Raskolnikova, and Lizaveta, mutually complementing each other, embody the idea of ​​love, mercy, compassion, self-sacrifice in the novel.

I did not bow to you, I bowed to everything

bowed down to human suffering.

F. Dostoevsky. Crime and Punishment

F. M. Dostoevsky describes Sonya warmly and cordially: “She was a modestly and even poorly dressed girl, very young, almost like a girl, with a modest and decent manner, with a clear, but as if somewhat intimidated face. She was wearing a very simple house dress, on her head was an old hat of the same style.

Like all the poor in St. Petersburg, the Marmeladov family lives in terrible poverty: both eternally drunk, resigned to a humiliating and unfair life, Marmeladov descended, and consumptive Katerina Ivanovna, and small helpless children. Seventeen-year-old Sonya finds the only way to save her family from starvation - she goes out into the street to sell her own body. For a deeply religious girl, such an act is a terrible sin, because, violating Christian commandments, she destroys her soul, dooming her to torment during her lifetime and to eternal suffering after death. And yet she sacrifices herself for the sake of her father's children, for the sake of her stepmother. The merciful, selfless Sonia finds the strength not to become hardened, not to fall into the dirt surrounding her in street life, to maintain infinite philanthropy and faith in the strength of the human person, despite the fact that she causes irreparable harm to her soul and conscience.

That is why Raskolnikov, who has broken all ties with people close to him, comes to Sonya in the most difficult moments for him, brings her his pain, his crime. According to Rodion, Sonya committed a crime no less serious than he, and perhaps more terrible, since she sacrifices not someone, but herself, and this sacrifice is in vain. The girl is well aware of the guilt that lies on her conscience, because she even thought about suicide, which could save her from shame and torment in this life. But the thought of poor and helpless hungry children made her humble, forget about her suffering.

Considering that Sonya did not really save anyone, but only “ruined” herself, Raskolnikov tries to convert her to his “faith” and asks her an insidious question: what is better - a scoundrel “to live and do abominations” or an honest person to die? And he receives an exhaustive answer from Sonya: “But I can’t know God’s providence ... And who put me here as a judge: who will live and who won’t live?” So Rodion Raskolnikov failed to convince the girl who was firmly convinced that sacrificing herself for the good of loved ones is one thing, and depriving others of the life in the name of this good is a completely different matter. Therefore, all the efforts of Sonya are aimed at destroying the inhuman theory of Raskolnikov, who is "terribly, infinitely unhappy."

Defenseless, but strong in her humility, capable of self-denial, the “eternal Sonya” is ready to sacrifice herself for the sake of others, therefore, in her actions, life itself blurs the boundaries between good and evil. Not sparing herself, the girl saved the Marmeladov family, just as selflessly she rushes to save Raskolnikov, feeling that he needs him. According to Sonya, the way out lies in humility and the adoption of basic Christian norms, which help not only to repent of one's sins, but also to cleanse oneself of everything evil and destructive for the human soul. It is religion that helps the girl survive in this terrible world and gives hope for the future.

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I chose the topic Eternal Sonechka in the work "Crime and Punishment", because Sonya Marmeladova, the daughter of a drunkard and subsequently the beloved of the protagonist, plays an important role in the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky.

So what is the significance of this heroine in the work? Why is it that her image is considered to be “eternal”? These questions are important, because the world, as shown by Dostoevsky, needs kindness, humanity and self-giving, which Sonechka embodies.

Dostoevsky in his work, it was through Sonya that he conveyed his attitude, beliefs and thoughts. He, being a religious person, believed in always existing disinterested goodness, humility and in forgiveness, without which the world could not live. Humiliated and insulted, Sonya remains a person worthy of respect, because faith, hope and love live in her.

Sonechka became proof that love for a person and faith in him can help him overcome all trials and find a real purpose in life.

Insatiable compassion and sympathy distinguish Sonya from other heroes, for the sake of which she does not notice her own suffering, after which she nevertheless remains pure.

Thanks to Sonechka, we see the rise of the protagonist, his spiritual salvation. Although the girl is Raskolnikov's double due to sin, these people have completely different beliefs. Raskolnikov committed the murder not at all in order to save his loved ones from poverty, as Sonya did by committing a sin, but in order to check "he is a trembling creature or has a right." Later, in agony from fear of exposure, the hero tells the girl about the murder, and she tells him to repent, because only then can he atone for his sin and find peace of mind: “Go now, this very minute, stand at the crossroads, bow, kiss first the land that you desecrated, and then bow to the whole world, on all four sides, and say to everyone, out loud: "I killed!" Then God will send you life again.” Before Rodion goes to the office with a confession, she puts a cross on him, which symbolizes the deep faith and firmness of the girl's Christian convictions. After the hero is sent to hard labor, Sonya, without hesitation, follows him to Siberia, deciding to be there for eight long years. Her dedication amazes the reader, but leaves Raskolnikov indifferent. Main character cold and rude on dates. Having fallen ill, the girl cannot come to Rodion, and he, noticing that he is bored and worried, understands how dear her support is to him, how Sonya herself is necessary to him. Once again together, Rodion silently thanked Sonya, crying and hugging her. The hero realized that, having lost physical, he gained spiritual freedom. They both believed that a new future awaited them: “They were both pale and thin; but in these sick and pale faces already shone the dawn of a renewed future, a full resurrection in new life. They were resurrected by love ... ". We see the rebirth of the hero thanks to Sonya's devotion and sincere love, her deep faith in salvation.

The image of Sonya can rightly be called "eternal", because she is the embodiment of Christian love and self-sacrifice. Sonechka, who sincerely believes in God, never condemned people, no matter what they did, she believed that there is something good in every person. She, who lived from day to day among poverty, wretchedness, dirt and drunkenness, remained pure in soul, because selfishness, permissiveness and other qualities that destroy a person were not inherent in her. She always tried to help her neighbor, despite the suffering she had to endure for the sake of it: “She, of course, with patience and almost meekly could endure everything.”

This girl with a pure heart and soul personifies the three eternal truths - faith, hope and love, without which human life is impossible. "Sonechka, Sonechka Marmeladova, eternal Sonechka, while the world stands still!" - a symbol of self-sacrifice in the name of one's neighbor, endlessly insatiable suffering and sincere Christian love.

Raskolnikov, thanks to Sonya's support and love, gained faith in better life to your salvation. And Sonya, who endured so much suffering because of compassion for her neighbor, remained happy, because her soul was capable of this because she was pure.

Thus, Sonya plays an important role in the work "Crime and Punishment", putting the criminal on the path of redemption, thereby helping him to resurrect. This girl carries three eternal truths - faith, hope and love. She lives, selflessly believing in God and sacrificing herself for the sake of saving others, which means that her image is the image of the savior, the image of the “eternal Sonechka”.

Updated: 2019-01-06

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The novel by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" is one of the most complex works of Russian literature, in which the author told about the story of the death of the main character's soul after he committed a crime, about the alienation of Rodion Raskolnikov from the whole world, from the people closest to him, his mother, sister, friend. reading the novel, you realize how deeply the author penetrated the souls and hearts of his characters, how he comprehended the human character, with what genius he told about the moral upheavals of the protagonist. The central figure of the novel is, of course, Rodion Raskolnikov. But there are many others in Crime and Punishment actors. These are Razumikhin, Avdotya Romanovna and Pulcheria Alexandrovna, the Raskolnikovs, Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin, the Marmeladovs. The Marmeladov family plays a special role in the novel. After all, it is Sonechka Marmeladova, her faith and disinterested love, that Raskolnikov owes his spiritual rebirth.

She was a girl of about eighteen, of small stature, thin, but rather pretty blonde, with wonderful blue eyes. Her great love, a suffering, but pure soul, capable of even seeing a person in a murderer, empathizing with him, suffering with him, saved Raskolnikov. Yes, Sonya is a "harlot", as Dostoevsky writes about her, but she was forced to sell herself in order to save her stepmother's children from starvation. Even in her terrible situation, Sonya managed to remain human, drunkenness and depravity did not affect her. But in front of her was a vivid example of a father who had fallen, completely crushed by poverty and his own impotence to change something in life. Sonya's patience and vitality are largely derived from her faith. She believes in God, in justice with all her heart, she believes blindly, recklessly. And what else can an eighteen-year-old girl believe in, whose entire education is “several, books of romantic content”, seeing around her only drunken quarrels, illnesses, debauchery and human grief?

For Sonya, all people have the same right to life. No one can achieve happiness, his own or someone else's, through crime. Sin remains sin, no matter who commits it and in the name of what. Personal happiness cannot be set as a goal.

A person has no right to egoistic happiness, he must endure, and through suffering he achieves true, non-egoistic happiness. Reading Raskolnikov's legend of the resurrection of Lazarus, Sonya awakens faith, love and repentance in his soul. "They were resurrected by love, the heart of one contained endless sources of life for the heart of the other." Rodion came to what Sonya urged him to, he overestimated life and its essence, as evidenced by his words: "Can her beliefs now not be my beliefs? Her feelings, her aspirations, at least ...." Touched Sympathy for Sonya, Rodion “goes to her already as to a close friend, he himself confesses to her the murder, tries, confused in reasons, to explain to her why he did it, asks her not to leave him in misfortune and receives an order from her: to go to the square kiss the earth and repent before all the people." In this advice, Sonya seems to hear the voice of the author himself, seeking to bring his hero to suffering, and through suffering - to atonement.

Sacrifice, faith, love and chastity - these are the qualities that the author embodied in Sonya. Being surrounded by vice, forced to sacrifice her dignity, Sonya retained the purity of her soul and the belief that "there is no happiness in comfort, happiness is bought by suffering, a person is not born for happiness: a person deserves his happiness, and always suffering." And now Sonya, who also “transgressed” and ruined her soul, “a man of high spirit”, of the same “rank” with Raskolnikov, condemns him for contempt for people and does not accept his “rebellion”, his “axe”, which, as it seemed to Raskolnikov , was raised in her name.

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