The project of zhilins and crutches is of two different fates. Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin (Tolstoy, "Prisoner of the Caucasus")
Description of the presentation Zhilin and Kostylin - two different characters, two by slides
1. Why is the story called “ Prisoner of the Caucasus"? "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I 2. Who was called the "Caucasian captive" in the story? 3. Name the reason that made Zhilin hit the road. 4. What was the danger of the path?
"Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I 5. What made Zhilin and Kostylin break away from the guards and go ahead?
"Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I 6. How did the heroes agree to behave when leaving the convoy, and how did they behave when they met with the mountaineers?
"Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I 7. Tell us about how Zhilin and Kostylin were captured.
8. How was the fate of Zhilin determined, and then Kostylin in captivity? "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I I 9. What makes Zhilin bargain, give the wrong address?
1. How did Zhilin and Kostylin live in captivity? What was the difference between their life during the month of captivity in the camp of the enemy? 2. With whose help do we get to know the life of a mountain village? 3. What is the attitude of the Tatars in the first days of captivity to Zhilin and Kostylin and why? 4. Are the highlanders right when they call Zhilin "dzhigit" and Kostylin "meek"? Explain the reason for this difference. 5. Why did local residents from nearby villages come to Zhilin? "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter III
comparison table Quality Zhilin Kostylin 1. The meaning of the surname Veins - blood vessels, tendons. A crutch is a stick with a crossbar, placed under the arm, which serves as a support when walking lame people or those who have sore legs. Wiry-dry feeling, muscular, with protruding veins 2. Appearance "And Zhilin, though not great in stature, but was daring." "And Kostylin is a heavy man, fat, all red, and sweat pours from him."
Comparative table Quality Zhilin Kostylin 3. Place of residence of heroes Mountain Tatar aul, barn 4. What did the prisoners eat? Millet flour tortilla or raw dough and water; milk, cheese tortillas, a piece of lamb Only millet tortilla or raw dough and water
Comparative table Quality Zhilin Kostylin “Zhilin wrote a letter, but on the letter he wrote it wrong, so that it wouldn’t come through. He thinks himself: “I’ll leave.” “Kostylin wrote home again, he was still waiting for the money to be sent and was bored. For whole days he sits in the barn and counts the days when the letter arrives; or asleep. ”5. What did the officers do? “And he is looking out for everything, trying to find out how to run. He walks around the aul, whistling, otherwise he sits, doing something, silt and sculpts dolls from clay, or weaves braids from twigs. And Zhilin was a master for all kinds of needlework "
Zhilin Kostylin We draw a conclusion We give a description of Zhilin and Kostylin. Comparison table Active person. In a difficult situation, she does not lose her fortitude. He makes every effort to get out of the aul, to make an escape. All his actions and deeds are subordinated to one goal - liberation. Passive, lazy, inactive, bored, waiting for money to be sent; does not know how to adapt to the situation.
How did Zhilin live for a month? What trick did the hero come up with to climb the mountain? What prevented him from escaping that very evening? Why did Zhilin offer Kostylin to run with him? Explain the reason for Kostylin's hesitation before escaping? "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter IV
"Zhilin is preparing to escape" Drawing up a story plan based on the materials of chapters III and IV 1. Acquaintance with the life of the Tatar aul. 2. Work on the digging. 3. Search for the road. 4. Escape route - only to the North. 5. The sudden return of the Tatars. 6. Escape.
We draw a conclusion Look how brightly, strongly the character of one person can be manifested and the character of another can not be manifested at all in the same circumstances.
We draw a conclusion One is rescued by patience, endurance, cunning, courage, the desire to be free, faith in one's righteousness; the other does not show any efforts or actions to free himself from captivity at the cost of his own efforts, although he also wants to return to his homeland.
- the story of Tolstoy, who introduces us to a Russian officer who was captured by the highlanders. This happens during the Caucasian War. Reading the story, we get to know the two main characters - officers, whose comparative characteristics we were asked to do at home.
As we have already said, the main characters of the story are two officers of the Russian army, Zhilin and Kostylin. They have both in common and distinctive human characteristics. Probably should be said about their general outline, which makes the characters look alike. This is their common service in the Caucasus. Both of them are of noble origin, serve in the rank of officers, at the same time go on vacation and are simultaneously taken prisoner together. And then the reader sees how different people, different not only in appearance, but also in behavior. One of them is a hero, and the other is a weak person, which causes only disgust. Let's dwell on the heroes of Zhilin and Kostylin in more detail.
Characteristic of Zhilin
Zhilin is a man that deserves respect. In spite of everything, he always remains human. Although Zhilin was small in stature, he was a daring man in everything. This is an officer whose courage and strength are immediately visible, while he never tried to seem like a hero. Even in difficult times, Zhilin thinks not about how to save his own skin, but about how to protect his mother from the news that he was captured. Zhilin is trying to find a way to solve the problem on his own. He organizes the escape, which because of Kostylin fails the first time. But this did not break the hero. Zhilin does not give up and finds salvation. This hero is strong in spirit and is respected even by enemies. Zhilin is bold and decisive and it is impossible not to admire this.
Kostylin's characteristic
But Kostylin is the complete opposite. Outwardly, this is an overweight, fat man, miserable and insignificant. Its very description is disliked. And when you get to know this hero of the story further, you begin to despise him altogether. Kostylin is an egoist by nature, it is important for him to save his own skin, so he immediately rushed to write to his relatives so that they would prepare a ransom for him. Kostylin is a vile man who does not know the concept of friendship and certainly cannot be called his hero.
L.N. Tolstoy in his work "Prisoner of the Caucasus" wrote about those people who participated in the Russian-Caucasian war. This story is based on actual events that happened to the author himself and his colleagues in the service.
The main characters here are Russian officers who served in one of the garrisons, these are Zhilin and Kostylin. Having read their surnames, you involuntarily notice the consonance of the endings of their surnames. The meanings of their names are closer to opposites. The first is closer in meaning to the word "vein", and the second means "crutch". And the appearance of the characters is also the opposite. "Zhilin, though not great in stature, is daring." And Kostylin is overweight, clumsy and fat.
(Kostylin)
Their behavior also corresponds to their names. Let us recall how these officers behaved when the Tatars attacked the train. Zhilin "grabbed a saber" and rushed to meet the Tatars, entered into battle with them. The Tatars wounded Zhilin's horse and were able to take the officer prisoner.
Kostylin had a gun, but as soon as he saw the Tatar soldiers, he immediately fled, rushed to the fortress, leaving Zhilin. But the treacherous flight did not save Kostylin.
(Zhilin)
In captivity, these people also behaved in their own way. When their owner Abdul-Murat told the young people that they would be released only when relatives paid 5 thousand rubles for each, Kostylin immediately obediently wrote a letter to his relatives and waited for the required amount from his relatives. Zhilin only agreed to write a request to send only 500 rubles to him. He wrote the letter to the wrong address, taking care of his mother's health. He himself decided to choose the moment and run, constantly thinking over the options for escape.
One night Young officers fled to the mountains. Kostylin constantly whined on the road, was frightened of everything, lagged behind. And Zhilin just laughed. He did not lose heart even when, through the fault of the first, the Tatars were again caught and returned to the aul. Upon his return, Kostylin constantly lay and moaned or slept. Zhilin, on the other hand, was again overcome by thoughts of escape. At that time, Ivan made friends with the daughter of his temporary owner, Dina. The thirteen-year-old girl made friends with Zhilin and subsequently played a decisive role in his fate. She saved his life by helping him escape again, giving him food for the journey.
Zhilin offered Kostylin to flee with him from this captivity. But he refused, deciding to stay. After that, Zhilin returned to his garrison, and Kostylin received freedom only a month later after his relatives sent a ransom for him.
As you can see, Kostylin and Zhilin are completely different in character and type of people. One strong, hardworking, loving children. He is kind, helps even those who were his enemy. Kostylin is selfish, who is very cowardly and at the same time lazy. He is able to betray anyone, if only he was better. That is why their fates are different, and they make different decisions.
Goals:
give a concept of comparison;
learn to compare literary heroes;
educate responsibility for their actions, the desire to find their place in life;
develop logical thinking, speech.
Download:
Preview:
The lesson of the development of speech in literature.
Zhilin and Kostylin are two different characters, two different fates. Comparative characteristics of the heroes.
Goals: give a concept of comparison;
Learn to compare literary characters;
Raise responsibility for your actions, the desire to find your place in life;
Develop logical thinking, speech.
DURING THE CLASSES
- Organizational moment.
- Statement of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
- Conversation on the theory of literature.
- What is comparison?
COMPARISON - comparison of one object or phenomenon with another.
- You and I will be comparing two literary heroes - Zhilin and Kostylin.
- Analytical discussion on the topic of the lesson.
- Why is the story called "Prisoner of the Caucasus", although there are two main characters captured?
- We will be able to answer this question more fully at the end of the lesson.
- How did Zhilin and Kostylin behave during the Tatars' attack?
- Let's expressively read the role of the episode "Ransom" chapter 2 p. 211 - 212.
- Why do Tatars call Kostylin meek?
- From Chapter 3, write out the verbs related to Zhilin and Kostylin separately.
Zhilin: looks out, elicits, runs, walks, whistles, does needlework, blinded, made, disassembled, laid out, etc.
Kostylin: wrote, waited, missed, sits, counts, sleeps.
- To which hero can the concept of ACTION be attributed?
- Which of the heroes can we say that he is inactive?
- Retelling of the episode "Unsuccessful Escape".
- Tell us about the first time the heroes tried to run.
- How does this characterize each of the heroes?
- Why was the second escape a success?
- Working with illustrations.
- Consider the illustration on page 224 by artist A. Itkin.
- What episodes did the artist illustrate? Why?
- How does the picture show the differences in the behavior of the characters?
- Look carefully at the illustration on page 227 by artist M. Rodionov.
- What feelings did the artist put into the illustration? Do they match the feelings of the author? And with yours?
- Dictionary work.
- The names of the heroes are, as it were, in a pair and even rhyme: Zhilin - Kostylin. Let's see what the words from which they are derived mean.
Speakers are students who have received a homework assignment. They talk about the meaning of the words LIVING and CRUTCH.
- So the author, using the names of the heroes, gives us additional characteristic and expresses his attitude towards them.
- Lesson summary.
Under the same conditions, the characters manifest themselves in different ways.
This type of behavior can be observed in an extreme situation, and in Everyday life... The fate of a person depends on the character.
- Why is the story called "Prisoner of the Caucasus"?
- Homework.
Tell about the character and behavior of Zhilin and Kostylin.
Make a plan for your story.
Zhilin and Kostylin - the main characters of the story - were Leo Tolstoy's "Prisoner of the Caucasus".
Story topic
During the war in the Caucasus (Russians are at war with the highlanders for territories), two Russian officers, Zhilin and Kostylin, go home on vacation. On the way, the heroes are captured by the Tatars; they ask for a ransom. Zhilin, not wanting to ask his old mother for money, starts an escape, but because of Kostylin's clumsiness, the idea is thwarted. Then the officer tries to flee again, and this time luck smiles at him - he is saved. And Kostylin is saved from captivity by ransom only a month later.
How officers Zhilin and Kostylin behave in captivity
Kostylin is a plump and obese man. During the entire time of being in captivity, he only does what he sleeps and counts the time until the ransom. At the same time, Kostylin does not hesitate to ask the family for a huge ransom (5,000 rubles). The main thing for him is that he is rescued as soon as possible, and that he is again in a comfortable and comfortable environment.
Zhilin behaves exactly the opposite. He refuses to write a letter to his mother asking for a ransom, because he does not want her to worry about him and to give the last thing she has. When the Tatars force Zhilin to write this letter, he writes, but the address is deliberately incorrect. The officer decides for himself: either he gets out of captivity on his own, or he will have to die or stay there until the end of his life. In order to save himself, Zhilin begins to dig a tunnel.
In addition, while in captivity, Zhilin is engaged in various useful things, thereby earning the attention and respect of the local Tatars.
For example, it differs in that:
- makes clay dolls for local children;
- repairs the stopped clock to the Tatar master;
- repairs guns and other accessories of local residents.
And even during the escape, Zhilin stands to the last, holds on with all his might, while not abandoning Kostylin, although he fails his comrade several times and does not want to pull himself together for the sake of their common salvation.
Thanks to resilience and strong-willed qualities, Zhilin still manages to escape from captivity.