Alexander Stepanovich Green (Grinevsky). Curriculum Vitae
, Vyatka province, Russian Empire - July 8, city of Old Crimea, USSR) - Russian and Soviet writer, prose writer, representative of neo-romanticism. He considered himself a Symbolist. Creator of the fictional country Greenland, where his most famous story, “Scarlet Sails,” takes place. Since 1924 he lived and worked in Crimea.
Family
Brothers and sisters:
Biography
Alexander Green with his first wife Vera Pavlovna in the village of Velikiy Bor near Pinega. 1911
Alexander Grinevsky was born on August 11 (23), 1880 in the city of Slobodskaya Vyatka province. Since childhood, Green loved books about sailors and travel. He dreamed of going to sea as a sailor and, driven by this dream, made attempts to run away from home.
A significant influence on Green was exerted by his father, the nobleman Stefan Grinevsky, who allowed his son to buy a gun and encouraged him to take long excursions into nature, which influenced both the development of character young man, and on the future original style of Green’s prose.
Due to a conflict with the authorities, Green was forced to hide in Finland from the end of the year, but, having learned about the February Revolution, he returned to Petrograd. In the spring of the year, he writes a story-essay “On Foot for the Revolution,” testifying to the writer’s hope for renewal. However, reality soon disappoints the writer.
In 1924, Green’s novel “The Shining World” was published in Leningrad. That same year, Green moved to Feodosia. In 1927, he took part in the collective novel “Big Fires”, published in the magazine “Ogonyok”.
The novel “Touchable,” which he began at this time, was never completed. Green died on July 8, 1932 in the city of Stary Krym. He was buried there in the city cemetery. On his grave, sculptor Tatyana Gagarina erected a monument “Running on the Waves”.
Addresses
In Petrograd - Leningrad
- 1920 - 05.1921 - DISK - 25th October Avenue, 15;
- 05.1921 - 02.1922 - Zaremba apartment building - Panteleimonovskaya street, 11;
- 1923-1924 - apartment building - Dekabristov Street, 11.
Addresses in Odessa
- St. Lanzheronovskaya, 2.
Bibliography
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Memory
There is a tradition in St. Petersburg when, on the night of the prom of Russian schoolchildren, the river enters the mouth of the Neva. sailing ship with scarlet sails. See Scarlet Sails (graduates holiday).
Alexander Green Prize
Memorial plaque on the Green embankment, 21, Kirov
Bust on the Green embankment in Kirov
Alexander Green on a postage stamp of Ukraine, 2005
In 2000, on the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the birth of A. S. Green, the Union of Writers of Russia, the administration of Kirov and Slobodsky established the annual Russian Literary Prize named after Alexander Green for works for children and youth, imbued with the spirit of romance and hope.
Museums
- In 1960, on the occasion of his eightieth birthday, the writer’s wife opened the Writer’s House-Museum in Old Crimea.
- In 1970, the Greene Literary and Memorial Museum was also created in Feodosia.
- On the occasion of the centenary of his birth, in 1980, the Alexander Green House-Museum was opened in the city of Kirov.
- In 2010, the Alexander Greene Romance Museum was created in the city of Slobodskaya.
Green's readings
- International scientific conference “Grinov Readings” - has been held in even years in Feodosia since 1988 (the first half of September).
- Green's readings in Old Crimea are an annual festival on the writer's birthday (August 23).
- Green's readings in Kirov are held once every 5 years since 1975 on the writer's birthday.
Streets
- In Kirov there is an embankment named after him.
- In Moscow in 1986, a street was named after the writer (Green Street).
- In Old Crimea there is a street named after him.
- In Slobodskoye, the street on which A. Green was born is named in his honor.
- In the city of Naberezhnye Chelny there is a street named after the writer (Alexander Green Street).
- In Gelendzhik there is a street named after him (Green Street).
- In Feodosia there is Alexander Green Street
- In Riga there is Alexander Greens Street, but it is named after the Latvian writer Aleksandrs Grins, the namesake and namesake of the Russian romantic.
Libraries
- The Kirov Regional Children's Library named after A. S. Green is located in Kirov.
- In Slobodskoye the city library is named after A. Green.
- In Moscow Youth Library No. 16 named after. A. Green.
- Library named after A. Green in Nizhny Novgorod.
- Central City Library named after. A. Green in Feodosia, Crimea, Ukraine.
Other
- In 1985, the minor planet 2786, discovered on September 6, 1978 by Soviet astronomer N. S. Chernykh, was named Grinevia.
- Since 1987, the festival of author's songs "Greenland", named after the writer, has been held in Kirov.
- In 2000, a bronze bust of the writer was installed on the embankment in Kirov. (Sculptors Kotsienko K.I. and Bondarev V.A.)
- In Kirov there is a Gymnasium named after Alexander Green.
- Memorial plaque in the city of Slobodskoye, where the writer was born.
Based on Green's works
Movies
- - Morgiana
- - The Man from Green Country (television play)
- - Life and books of Alexander Green (television play)
- - One hundred miles along the river
- - Gelly and Nok
- - Green lamp
Cartoon
Rock opera
Russian composer Andrei Bogoslovsky in the second half of the 20th century wrote the musical “ Scarlet Sails" Recorded in 1977.
Adaptations
- “Scarlet Sails” () is a graduation performance by graduates of the Faculty of Puppetry of the Music College named after. Gnessins, who created under the leadership of L. A. Khait famous theater"People and Dolls" ( Gray- V. Garkalin, Assol- doll)
- Scarlet Sails - rock opera by A. Bogoslovsky. Recorded by VIA "Music" in 1977.
- Musical “Scarlet Sails” (2007)
- “Scarlet Sails” is a musical performance. Theater-festival "Baltic House". Staged by Eduard Gaidai, stage director - Raimundas Banionis, composer - Faustas Latenas. Premiere in St. Petersburg - 2008.
- “Scarlet Sails” is a musical extravaganza based on the play by Mikhail Bartenev and Andrei Usachev. RAMT. Stage director: Alexey Borodin. Music - Maxim Dunaevsky. 2009
- “Assol” musical extravaganza based on the play by Pavel Morozov, composer Mikhail Mordkovich, in the Lugansk Regional Academic Russian drama theater. Stage director: Oleg Alexandrov. 2010
- Musical extravaganza “Assol” based on the play by Pavel Morozov, Zhambyl Regional Russian Drama Theater (Kazakhstan). Premiere - November 13, 2010.
- Performance “Scarlet Sails”, “Theater on Spasskaya” (Kirov). Director - Boris Pavlovich. Premiere May 20, 2011.
- The musical “Scarlet Sails” by Maxim Dunaevsky at the Free Space Theater. Libretto by Mikhail Bartenev and Andrey Usachev. Stage director - A. Mikhailov. (2011)
- Musical performance “Scarlet Sails” based on the play by Pavel Morozov at the Irkutsk Regional Theater for Young Spectators. Stage director: Ksenia Torskaya. 2011.
- “Scarlet Sails” at the Bratsk Drama Theater. Stage director - Valery Shevchenko. (2008)
- Musical-drama “Scarlet Sails”. Moscow musical theater "Monoton". Music by A. Bogoslovsky. Libretto by I. Chistozvonova. 2010
- “Scarlet Sails” (based on the play “Assol”) on the stage of Chuvash state theater opera and ballet. Stage director: Anatoly Ilyin, Composer: Olga Nesterova. 2011.
- Musical-drama “Scarlet Sails”. Moscow musical theater "Monoton". Music by A. Bogoslovsky. Libretto by I. Chistozvonova. 2010
- The play “Pier of Scarlet Dreams” at the Irkutsk Regional Puppet Theater “Stork” based on the works “Scarlet Sails” and “Running on the Waves”. Author - Alexander Khromov. Director - Yuri Utkin. Premiere: March 21, 2012.
- The play “Scarlet Sails” (based on the play “Assol” by P. Morozov) at the “SILVER ISLAND” theater. Stage director - Honored Artist of Ukraine Lyudmila Lymar. (Kyiv, Ukraine). 2011.
- Theatrical extravaganza “Scarlet Sails” on the stage of the Dzerzhinsky Drama Theater. Stage director: Valentin Morozov. year 2012.
- The musical “Scarlet Sails” at the Globus Theater to the music of Maxim Dunaevsky, directed by Nina Chusova. 2012
- Premiere of the play “Scarlet Sails” based on Pavel Morozov’s play “Assol” at the Bryansk Theater of Young Spectators Directed by Larisa Lemenkova. 2012
- musical “Scarlet Sails” to the music of Maxim Dunaevsky at the Perm Theater. Stage director Boris Milgram. 2012
- The song of the bard Vladimir Lanzberg “Scarlet Sails” and thematically adjacent to it “But in vain no one believed in miracles.”
- Song by Yuri Chernavsky to the words of Leonid Derbenev “Zurbagan”, performed by Vladimir Presnyakov Jr. (1985)
- Song “Assol” by the group “Untouchables” from the album “Brel, wandered, wandered” (1994)
- “Assol and Gray” - song by the group “Zimovye Zverey” from the album “Like Adults” (2006)
- Instrumental New-Age album by Andrei Klimkovsky - “Scarlet Sails” (2000)
Notes
Literature
- Basinsky P.V., Fedyakin S.R. Russian literature late XIX- the beginning of the 20th century and the first emigration. - M., 1998.
- Blok A. A. Notebooks 1901 - 1920. - M., 1965.
- Borisov L. I. The Wizard from Gel-Gyu. Romantic story. - L., 1972.
- Memories of Alexander Green / Comp., intro., notes. Vl. Sandler. - L., 1972.
- Green N. N. Memories of Alexander Green. - Simferopol, 2000.
- Kobzev N. A. A novel by Alexander Green. - Chisinau, 1983.
- Kovsky V. E. The romantic world of Alexander Green. - M., 1967.
- Literary heritage. T. 93. From the history of Soviet literature of the 1920-1930s. - M., 1983.
- Mikhailova L. Alexander Green: Life, personality, creativity. - M., 1972.
- Pervova Yu. A. Memories of Nina Nikolaevna Green. - Simferopol, 2001.
- Prishvin M. M. Diary 1923-1925. - M., 1999.
- Prokhorov E. I. Alexander Green. - M., 1970.
- Tarasenko N. F.
Actually, Green is a pseudonym. And hiding behind him was Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky (1880-1932), a famous Russian writer, author of philosophical and psychological works with elements of symbolic fiction. As for the pseudonym, the writer simply shortened his last name to make it sound foreign. In moments of revelation, Grinevsky said that as a child he had the nickname Green-pancake. So he took advantage of it, removing, of course, the second word “damn.”
Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky (Green) was born on August 11, 1880 in the provincial town of Slobodsky, Vyatka province. His father, Stefan Grinevsky (Pole by birth), was a permanent settler, a clerk at a brewery. Mother, Anna Stepanovna, nee Lepkova, gave birth to a son in the 7th year of marriage. With their first child, the family moved to Vyatka. There the years of childhood and youth of the future venerable writer passed.
The city was provincial, quiet, patriarchal. And in its vacant lots one could often see a dark-skinned boy in a gray patched blouse. He wandered alone, under the influence of the books he had read. I often imagined myself as one of book heroes, and his peers thought he was strange. At one time at school they even called Green “the sorcerer.” And he tried to open the “philosopher’s stone” and, having read “The Secrets of the Hand,” invited everyone to predict his future using the lines on his palms.
In his “Autobiographical Story,” Alexander Stepanovich wrote: “I did not have a normal childhood. In moments of irritation for my self-will and poor teaching, my parents called me “goldener”, “swineherd”, and predicted for me an unhappy life, full of groveling among successful and successful people. Mother, exhausted homework, often scolded me. And I suffered listening to insults.”
The boy sought spiritual salvation in the works of Fenimore Cooper, Mine Reid, Gustav Aimard, Louis Jacolliot, Victor Hugo, Dickens, Edgar Poe. But most of all Green dreamed of the sea. He associated the vast expanses of the sea with freedom and independence. But dreams of the sea visited the young man in remote Vyatka, from which even if you gallop for three years, you won’t reach the sea.
Green's father and mother
In the summer of 1896, after graduating from the Vyatka City School, young Green left for Odessa. He took only a basket with him. It contained a change of clothes and watercolor paints. The young man believed that he would paint somewhere in India on the banks of the Indus. But in the city by the sea it quickly became clear that India was just as inaccessible here as in Vyatka.
The young man began to walk around the barges, schooners, and steamships docked in the harbor. But they didn’t take him anywhere as a sailor, since Alexander was young and inexperienced. However, the young man showed persistence and achieved his goal. He was taken on the transport ship "Platon", which made circular voyages around the Black Sea ports. It was from aboard the Plato that Green first saw the shores of the Crimea and the Caucasus. Then there were other ships, but the young man did not stay long anywhere. After the first or second voyage he was kicked out for his unruly disposition.
True, once the newly minted sailor managed to visit a foreign port. This was Alexandria. But in general, the young man did not like working as a sailor: it turned out to be boring and routine. In 1897, the failed sailor returned to Vyatka, and a year later he left again, but now to Baku in search of happiness and adventure.
These searches turned into a series of ordeals, changing places and jobs. Alexander wandered around Russia and tried a variety of professions. He worked as a loader, sailor, bathhouse attendant, digger, painter, and oil fire extinguisher. Once on the Volga, he first got a job as a sailor on a Volga barge, and then retrained as a lumberjack. In the Urals he worked as a raftsman, gold miner, role copyist, actor, and scribe for a lawyer.
Periodically he returned to Vyatka, and then went off to wander again. In 1902, at the insistence of his father, he enlisted as a soldier in the reserve infantry battalion, which was stationed in Penza. An official description of Greene’s appearance from that time has been preserved:
Height – 177.4.
Eyes – light brown.
Hair is light brown.
Special features: a tattoo on the chest depicting a schooner with a bowsprit and a foremast carrying two sails.
The young man did not like the cruel morals of the barracks. And after 4 months, Alexander Stepanovich Green escaped from the battalion. He wandered in the forest for several days, then was caught and subjected to 3 weeks of arrest on bread and water. At the same time, a certain volunteer drew attention to the obstinate soldier. He began to supply the young man with Socialist Revolutionary brochures and leaflets.
The future writer was drawn to freedom. In addition, his romantic imagination was captivated by the life of an illegal immigrant, full of secrets and dangers. The Penza Social Revolutionaries helped Alexander escape from the battalion a second time. He was provided with a false passport and transported to Kyiv. From there, the newly minted Socialist Revolutionary moved to Odessa, and then left for Sevastopol.
Having received the party nickname “Long”, Green began to conduct propaganda work among the sailors. He knew well the life and psychology of these people, so he soon gained popularity among sailors: the sailors began to consider him one of their own. And the Socialist Revolutionaries could not be happier with their new like-minded person. One of them, by the name of Bykhovsky, once listened to Alexander’s speech to the sailors and said to the speaker: “You would good writer came out". Grinevsky put this phrase in his memory and subsequently called Bykhovsky his godfather in literature.
In 1903, Alexander was arrested for disseminating revolutionary ideas. He tried to escape, and then he was transferred to a maximum security prison. The young rebel was tried by the naval court of Sevastopol. He was sentenced to 10 years of exile in Siberia, but was released under an amnesty in October 1905. He was arrested again in January 1906 in the capital of the empire and exiled for 4 years to the city of Turinsk, Tobolsk province.
From there, Alexander fled to his native Vyatka without serving even half of his sentence. The father met the prodigal son sternly, but helped to obtain the passport of the “honorary citizen” A. A. Malginov, who had recently died in the hospital. With this document, the young man left for St. Petersburg.
In the capital of the empire, Alexander Stepanovich Green eked out a poor existence, but it was in the gloomy, foggy city that he began to write. His first works are the stories “The Elephant and the Pug” and “The Merit of Private Panteleev.” The general public did not see these works. They were recognized as anti-state and destroyed.
Only subsequent stories began to be published in Birzhevye Vedomosti. In 1908, the author’s collection “The Invisible Hat” was published. Most of the stories in it were about revolutionaries. However, Grinevsky did not at all glow with love for this public. He broke with the Social Revolutionaries, but at the same time remained critical of the existing system.
Green is on the far left, his wife Vera Pavlovna is sitting next to him (Pinega, 1911)
While living in St. Petersburg, Alexander Stepanovich tied the knot with Vera Pavlovna Abramova (1882-1951). They knew each other from Sevastopol, but in the capital of the empire they decided to unite their destinies and lived together for 7 years.
As for creativity, Grinevsky began his literary career as a “everyday writer”, as the author of stories, the themes and plots of which he took from the surrounding reality. He was overwhelmed with life impressions accumulated over years of wanderings; they urgently demanded a way out and laid down on paper. Of course, everything written was not natural, but transformed into artistic fantasy.
In 1910, a second collection entitled “Stories” was published. Most of them were written in a realistic manner, but in some works one could already discern the Green storyteller who in the future stood out from the general galaxy of writers.
In the same 1910, the police found out that the writer who signed Green under his stories was none other than the fugitive exile Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky. He was arrested and exiled to the Arkhangelsk province, to the city of Pinega. Vera Pavlovna went with her husband. The period of exile was reduced to 2 years, and the couple quickly returned to the capital. But their further family life didn't work out. At the end of 1913 the couple divorced. The wife initiated the divorce. She explained her decision by mutual misunderstanding and her husband’s craving for noisy companies and drinking.
However, Alexander Stepanovich Green himself did not want to get a divorce. He left warm memories of Vera Pavlovna in his soul for the rest of his life. The writer kept her portrait with him all the years allotted to him by fate, and she herself ex-wife called him “my only friend.” The second closest person was my father. He died in 1914. After this, Grinevsky had no close people left, but he did not despair and plunged headlong into literature.
She became an outlet for him, that saving ship deck, standing on which the writer sailed, surrounded by his literary heroes. He worked very productively, but limited himself to stories, not daring to take on a novel or story. At first, Green's works were published in small magazines, but meeting A.I. Kuprin changed the situation. The young writer began to be published by the Prometheus publishing house.
Alexander Stepanovich reacted sharply negatively to the outbreak of the First World War. He wrote a number of anti-war works and spoke sharply negatively about Emperor Nicholas II. This caused discontent among the authorities, and Grinevsky was forced to leave the capital. However, immediately after the February Revolution he returned to it.
At first he was enthusiastic about the changes in the country, but after October revolution, faced with cruelty and lawlessness, became an opponent of the new regime. Green was published in the magazine "New Satyricon", but in March 1918 the magazine was closed, recognizing it as oppositional. Alexander Stepanovich himself was arrested and even wanted to be shot as a counter-revolutionary, but, fortunately, everything worked out.
Grinevsky did not accept Soviet power in his soul. He considered her worse than the royal one. But other writers began to unite in groups, create their own platforms, and write loyal letters to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. People tried to survive under the new government and earn its favor. And our hero isolated himself from everyone and took a neutral position of non-interference. He began to lead the life of a hermit and at the same time married Maria Dolidze. Their life together lasted several months, and then the civil marriage broke up.
There was no one to stand up for the writer, the new government considered him absolutely useless, and in 1919 Alexander Stepanovich Green was drafted into the Red Army as an ordinary soldier. But he did not participate in the battles, as he fell ill with typhus and was hospitalized. Here we must pay tribute to Maxim Gorky. He treated our hero very well and supported him with food, sending the sick writer honey, bread, and sugar.
Again, Gorky took care of Green after his recovery, and he was provided with housing in the “House of Arts” and given academic rations. Writers who were gaining weight under Soviet rule lived nearby, but Alexander Stepanovich had little contact with them. He lived as a hermit and wrote. It was in the room in the “House of Arts” that he created his famous extravaganza “Scarlet Sails”. If he had not written anything else, she would still have immortalized his name. Scarlet Sails was published in 1923.
Green with his wife Nina Nikolaevna, 1926
But even before “Scarlet Sails” in 1921, Alexander Stepanovich Green married for the second time to Nina Nikolaevna Mironova (1894-1970). She was a widow, worked as a nurse and lived with the writer for 11 years before his death. It was to her that the writer dedicated “Scarlet Sails,” finishing them in November 1922. The couple left the House of Arts and rented a room. Vera Pavlovna's porter took pride of place in it, but the new wife did not object to this.
The writer's financial situation improved sharply with the beginning of the New Economic Policy. Private publishing houses appeared in Petrograd, and they needed talented authors. Green turned out to be one of them. His collection of short stories entitled "White Fire" was published. It included the story “Ships in Lisse”. The writer considered it the best of everything written.
Under the NEP, Alexander Stepanovich began writing his first novel called “The Shining World.” It saw the light of day in 1924. Many stories were also written. All these works brought the writer good money. They used it to purchase an apartment in Feodosia. And indeed, why live in the eternally damp, gloomy Leningrad, when you can enjoy life in the warm, sunny Crimea.
It was in Feodosia that the novel “The Golden Chain” was written, published in 1925. And by the end of 1926, the novel “Running on the Waves” was completed. It is unanimously considered the writer's most talented work. It was published in 1928. And the last novels, “The Road to Nowhere” and “Jesse and Morgiana,” appeared on bookstore shelves in 1929.
However, the NEP ended, and with it the writer’s prosperous life ended. They stopped publishing it, and the cash flow dried up. In 1930, the Grinevskys sold their apartment in Feodosia and moved to the city of Old Crimea, where life was much cheaper. Alexander Stepanovich and Nina Nikolaevna began to lead a semi-beggarly existence. Sometimes they even went hungry and often got sick.
The writer began to develop stomach cancer. Already ill, he began the novel “Touchable,” but never finished it. The family turned to the Writers' Union with a request for a pension, but at a board meeting it was decided: Green is our ideological enemy, and therefore does not deserve a pension. In essence, the sick person was abandoned to the mercy of fate, doomed to starvation, and they did it cynically and indifferently.
Alexander Stepanovich Green died on July 8, 1932 in the city of Old Crimea. Before his death, a priest was invited to the house, and the dying man confessed and received communion. The outstanding Russian writer was buried in the city cemetery. And in 1934, the Writers' Union decided to publish a collection of Green's works called “Fantastic Novels.”
The grave of Alexander Stepanovich Green with the monument “Running on the Waves”, created by sculptor T. A. Gagarina
In 1980, a monument was erected at the writer’s grave. It was created by sculptor Tatyana Alekseevna Gagarina. This monument reflects the content of the novel “Running on the Waves” and fully reveals the work of an outstanding person.
Green's wife Nina Nikolaevna had a very difficult fate after her husband's death. She found herself under German occupation, was deported to Germany for labor, and served 10 years in Soviet camps in Pechora “for treason against the Motherland.” She was released in 1955.
In 1960, she opened the Green Museum in Old Crimea. After her death, she was buried in the same cemetery with her husband, but at the other end. A year later, secretly, the coffin with her body was transferred and buried next to the remains of Alexander Stepanovich. The couple reunited again, and now forever.
GREEN (real name Grinevsky) Alexander Stepanovich(1880-1932), Russian writer.
In the romantic-fantasy stories “Scarlet Sails” (1923), “Running on the Waves” (1928), the novels “The Shining World” (1924), “The Road to Nowhere” (1930) and short stories, he expressed a humanistic belief in the high moral qualities of man.
* * *
GREEN Alexander Stepanovich (real name Grinevsky), Russian writer.
House-Museum of A. Green
He spent his childhood and youth in Vyatka. His father, a Pole, was exiled to Siberia after participating in the Polish uprising of 1863-1864, where he became an assistant manager of a brewery, then worked as an accountant in a zemstvo hospital; his mother was from the middle class and died when Green was 13 years old. There was no one to raise the boy, but his primary education was at home. He studied at the Aleksandrovsky Real School (humanitarian subjects were better), from which he was expelled for a poetic satire on the teacher, then at the Vyatka City School (graduated in 1896). I became interested in reading early. I especially liked to read about travel related to the sea. His favorite authors were Fenimore Cooper, Edgar Allan Poe, Alexandre Dumas, Daniel Defoe, Mine Reed, Robert Stevenson. Green's first youthful poetic experiments date back to this period. Being by nature a dreamer and a passionate lover of adventure, the future writer at the age of 16 left Vyatka for Odessa, where, wanting to become a sailor, he got a job as a sailor and sailed to Egypt. Then he tried many other professions, he was a scribe, a bath attendant, a raftsman, he worked as a prospector in the Ural gold mines, in a fishing artel, but he also had to wander. In 1901, partly at the request of his father, he enlisted as a soldier in the 213th Orovai Reserve Battalion (Penza), from where in 1902, having become close to the Socialist Revolutionaries, he deserted. As a member of the underground Socialist Revolutionary organization, he was engaged in propaganda work in Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov, Tambov, Kyiv, Odessa, and Sevastopol. What attracted Green to the Socialist Revolutionary program was the lack of strict party discipline and the promise of universal happiness after the revolution. In November 1903 he was arrested for this activity for the first time; he was exiled twice in 1907 and 1910.
In 1906, his first story “The Merit of Private Panteleev” and the book “Elephant and Moska” appeared, both of a propaganda nature (circulations were confiscated by censorship and destroyed). The cycle of published works about revolutionary Russia opened with the story “To Italy” (1906). A. Green’s signature was first put on the story “The Case” (1907). In 1908, the collection “The Invisible Cap” was published, which reflected the writer’s already rethought attitude towards the Socialist Revolutionaries and a clear rejection of some of their ideological positions. During his 1910 exile in the Arkhangelsk province, Green wrote a number of “northern” stories (“Ksenia Turpanova”, “The Winter’s Tale”), the heroes of which, tormented by boredom, strive to change their lives and fill it with meaning. Early stories Green's works were written in the spirit of realistic literature of the 1900s; the writer was just trying to find his way in literature. Green’s life, “meager” in warmth and love, and his thirst for adventure intensified his desire for the unknown, the ideal. Green was increasingly attracted by a hero who broke out of the established way of life of most ordinary people (“She”, 1908), the idea of creating a strong romantic hero(“Airship”, 1909).
In 1909, the short story “Reno Island” was published - Greene’s first truly romantic work. Sailor Tart, finding himself on an exotic island and imbued with its nature, did not want to return to the ship to his crew, because he decided to preserve the freedom he had gained on the island. But loneliness led Tart to death. Thematically close to “Reno Island” are works whose heroes are bright but lonely individuals: “Lanphier Colony” (1910), “The Tragedy of the Suan Plateau” (1912), “The Blue Cascade of Telluri” (1912), “The Zurbagan Shooter” (1913) , “Captain Duke” (1915), “Bitt-Boy, Bringing Happiness” (1918). Gradually, Greene's characters changed without being confined to their own world.
In 1910 Green left the Socialist Revolutionary organization; in 1912 he was accepted by the literary community, becoming close to A. I. Kuprin and A. I. Svirsky. He began to collaborate in periodicals, and until 1917 he published more than 350 stories, poems, and novellas. During the First World War, a long crisis occurred in the writer’s work, caused by the author’s internal fluctuations. Green perceived his contemporary era as anti-aesthetic (“A Tale Finished Thanks to a Bullet,” 1914). In the stories of 1914-1916, one could feel the writer’s attraction to the “mysterious,” caused by the influence of Edgar Allan Poe’s aesthetics (“Hell Revisited,” 1915). In 1916, the writer tried to evaluate his own creativity and, on the basis of this assessment, express his attitude towards art. For Green, art became the basis of personal existence, a retreat into a different, more perfect reality; he considered himself a symbolist. At the end of 1916, for his impudent comment about the Tsar, Green was forced to leave Russia and settle in Finland. Having learned about the February Revolution, he returned to Petrograd along the sleepers (essay “On Foot to the Revolution,” 1917). He received the revolution enthusiastically, but these sentiments turned out to be fleeting. Already in the stories “Uprising” (1917), “The Birth of Thunder” (1917), “Pendulum of the Soul” (1917), one can feel the feeling of the writer’s rejection of the new reality. The pamphlet “The Blister, or the Good Pope” is dedicated to reflections on socialism - in it Green writes with irritation that the revolution is not happening as “beautifully” as expected. In 1919, he was published only in the magazine “Flame” under the editorship of A.V. Lunacharsky. Here his poetic story “The Factory of the Thrush and the Lark” was published, filled with faith in beauty, with which Green began his life and creative path. In the fall of 1919, the writer was mobilized as a private in the Red Army. During this period, the idea was born and the first “draft” of the extravaganza story “Scarlet Sails” (1921) appeared, which became one of the most famous works Greena. The heroes of the story - Assol and Gray - have a rare gift of a “different” vision of the world, their exclusivity lies in the fact that they can perform miracles on our own. After the most difficult trials Civil War Green, despite the need, continued to work. In 1923, the novel “The Shining World” (1923) appeared, in which the tragic death of the main character Druda is the result of the author’s internal doubts about the possibility of achieving the ideal.
In 1925, the writer published the novel “The Golden Chain”, in 1928 - “Running on the Waves” - one of the most complex and iconic. In “Running on the Waves,” the motif of the illusory nature of any dream was again heard. Only a creative person, according to the author, can fully experience the subtle nature of this illusion.
From the mid-1920s, Greene was published less and less, mainly in little-known publications. From 1924 he lived in Feodosia, in 1930 he moved to Old Crimea. Financial disadvantage and serious illness broke the writer. His last romance with symbolic name"The Road to Nowhere" (1930). Two months after the novel was published, Greene died. At the end of the 1930s. Several critical articles appeared (by K. Zelinsky, M. Shaginyan, K. Paustovsky), in which the writer’s talent and his unique vision of the world were finally recognized. But Green’s work received general recognition only in the 1960s.
Some of Green's works ("Scarlet Sails", "Running on the Waves", etc.) were successfully filmed.
The real life around him rejected Green's world along with its creator. Critical remarks about the uselessness of the writer appeared more and more often, the myth of the “foreigner in Russian literature” was created, Green was published less and less. The writer, suffering from tuberculosis, left in 1924 for Feodosia, where he experienced extreme poverty, and in 1930 he moved to the village of Stary Krym, where he died on July 8, 1932.
Alexander Green(real name Grinevsky; 1880-1932) - famous Russian prose writer and poet, representative of neo-romanticism, author of philosophical and psychological works, with elements of symbolic fiction. He wrote his works mainly in the style of neo-romanticism and symbolism.
Green's biography
His father, Stepan Evseevich, was from a family of Polish nobles. In his younger years, he took part in the January Uprising, for which he was exiled for a period of 5 years.
The future writer’s mother, Anna Stepanovna, worked as a nurse. Interestingly, she got married when she was only 16 years old. In addition to Alexander, two more girls and one boy were born into the Grinevsky family.
Childhood and youth
When Alexander Green learned to read at the age of six, he began to spend all his time reading books. In particular, he liked adventure works with an interesting plot.
One day, after reading stories about famous sailors, young Green began to dream of going to sea. For this reason, he repeatedly escaped from home in order to repeat the fate of his heroes.
When the boy turned 9 years old, he was sent to a real school. An interesting fact is that it was there that Alexander was given the nickname “Green”.
The teachers claimed that he had a very bad character. He constantly played around and disobeyed his teachers, for which he was repeatedly punished.
While studying in the 2nd grade, Green composed a poem about his teachers, which contained many offensive words and humorous allusions.
In this regard, Alexander Green was expelled from the school. After that, he continued his studies at the Vyatka School.
In 1895, a tragedy occurred in Green's biography: his mother, whom he loved dearly, died of tuberculosis.
When Green's father remarried, Alexander was unable to get along with his stepmother. As a result, he left home and began renting separate housing for himself.
To feed himself, he had to take on any job. During that period of his biography, he worked as a loader, digger, fisherman, and even for some time was an artist in a traveling circus.
Wanderings and revolutionary activities
After graduating from college, Green went to Odessa to fulfill his childhood dream. He wanted to become a sailor on a big ship.
It is interesting that initially he even had to wander for some time, without sufficient means of subsistence.
One fine moment he finally found himself on board the ship. However, every day Alexander became more and more disillusioned with the sailor's business. As a result, Green had a serious row with the captain and went ashore.
In 1902, he was forced to enlist because he was sorely short of money. Life as a soldier turned out to be so difficult for Green that he decided to desert.
Then a new hobby occurs in Green’s biography: he meets revolutionaries and begins campaigning with them.
A year later, the writer was arrested and sent to 10 years of hard labor in Siberia. In addition, he received an additional 2 years of exile in Arkhangelsk.
Green's works
In 1906 in creative biography A significant event occurred in Alexander Greene. From his pen came the first work, “The Merit of Private Panteleev,” which dealt with offenses in the army.
However, the entire edition was withdrawn from print and destroyed. After this, Green wrote a new work, “Elephant and Pug,” which was also confiscated and burned.
![](https://i1.wp.com/interesnyefakty.org/wp-content/uploads/Aleksandr-Grin-i-ego-ruchnoy-yastreb.jpg)
And only the story “To Italy” became the first creation of the writer that readers could read.
Since 1908, Alexander Stepanovich began publishing all his works under the pseudonym “Green”. Every month 2 new stories or novellas came out from his pen.
This allowed him to earn the amount of money he needed for a normal existence.
![](https://i0.wp.com/interesnyefakty.org/wp-content/uploads/Grin-v-Peterburge-foto-1910-g.jpg)
Soon he wrote so many works that in 1913 Alexander Green published his works in 3 volumes.
Every year his work became more meaningful and deep. In addition, quite a lot of aphorisms and wise sayings appeared in his books.
"Scarlet Sails"
From 1916 to 1922, Alexander Green wrote the most significant story in his biography, “Scarlet Sails.” This work immediately brought him enormous popularity.
The story told about firm faith and lofty dreams, as well as the fact that each of us is able to perform a miracle for loved one. After the publication of “Scarlet Sails”, the beautiful Assol became an idol for many girls.
After 6 years, Alexander Green presents the novel “Running on the Waves,” written in the genre of romanticism.
After this, such works as “The Velvet Curtain”, “We Sat on the Shore” and “Stone Pillar Ranch” were published.
Personal life
When Green was 28 years old, he married Vera Abramova, with whom he lived for 5 years. It is interesting that their separation occurred on Vera’s initiative.
![](https://i2.wp.com/interesnyefakty.org/wp-content/uploads/Aleksandr-Grin-s-pervoy-zhenoy-Veroy-v-derevne-Velikiy-Bor-pod-Pinegoy-1911-g.jpg)
According to her, she was tired of enduring her husband’s drunkenness and unpredictable behavior. And although the writer repeatedly tried to establish relations with her, he never succeeded.
The second wife in the biography of Alexander Green was Nina Mironova, with whom he lived happily for the rest of his life. There was a real idyll and complete mutual understanding between the spouses.
![](https://i1.wp.com/interesnyefakty.org/wp-content/uploads/Aleksandr-Grin-i-ego-vtoraya-zhena-Nina.jpg)
When the writer is gone, Nina will be called an enemy of the people and sent to correctional camps for 10 years. An interesting fact is that both of Greene's wives knew each other and maintained friendly relations.
Death
Shortly before Greene's death, doctors discovered he had stomach cancer, from which he later died.
Alexander Stepanovich Green died on July 8, 1932 in Old Crimea at the age of 51. At the site of his burial, a monument was erected with the characters from his novel “Running on the Waves.”
![](https://i2.wp.com/interesnyefakty.org/wp-content/uploads/Poslednee-prizhiznennoe-foto-Aleksandra-Grina.jpg)
An interesting fact is that during his reign, Greene’s books were considered anti-Soviet, and only after the death of the leader of the peoples was the writer’s name rehabilitated.
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Soviet literature
Alexander Stepanovich Green
Biography
GREEN, ALEXANDER STEPANOVICH (1880−1932), present. surname Grinevsky, Russian prose writer, poet. Born on August 11 (23), 1880 in Slobodskaya Vyatka province. in the family of an exiled Pole who took part in the uprising of 1863. He graduated from the four-year Vyatka City School. He spent six years wandering, worked as a loader, a navvy, a traveling circus performer, and a railway worker. In 1902, due to extreme need, he voluntarily (“I’ll be fed and clothed”) entered military service and spent several months in a punishment cell. The hardship of a soldier's life forced Green to desert; he became close to the social revolutionaries and began underground work in different cities of Russia. In 1903 he was arrested, served in a Sevastopol prison, and was exiled to Siberia for ten years (he fell under the October amnesty of 1905). Until 1910, Green lived under someone else’s passport in St. Petersburg, was again arrested and deported to Siberia, from where he escaped and returned to St. Petersburg. He spent his second, two-year exile in the Arkhangelsk province.
The years of living under an assumed name became the time of a break with the revolutionary past and Green’s development as a writer. After the first published story To Italy (1906), the following - The Merit of Private Panteleev (1906) and Elephant and Pug (1906) - were removed from print by censorship.
Green's first collections of stories, The Invisible Cap (1908) and Stories (1910), attracted critical attention. In 1912-1917 Greene worked actively, publishing about 350 stories in more than 60 publications. They strengthened the writer's manner of extracting a dream of human happiness from tragic reality. The noble people invented by Green inhabited the fictional cities of Liss, Zurbagan, Gel-Gyu - the “mainland” that would later be called Greenland.
He enthusiastically greeted the February Revolution of 1917; he considered subsequent events a tragedy. Green saw and described “people covering their faces with their hands... they rushed and fell... they were covered in blood” (note Trifles, published 1918 in the magazine “New Satyricon”). In the midst of the savagery and chaos that the Bolshevik rule unleashed on the country, Green wrote such works as the extravaganza story Scarlet Sails (1923), the novels The Shining World (1924), The Golden Chain (1925), Running on the Waves (1928) and other works. , in which he created his own romantic world of human happiness.
The Scarlet Sails extravaganza, one of the brightest and most life-affirming works of Soviet literature, was written in the Petrograd House of Arts. In hungry and cold Petrograd, according to the writer’s original plan, the action of Scarlet Sails was supposed to take place. However, as Greene worked, he moved the action to the city of Caperna, in the name of which literary scholars subsequently found consonance with the Gospel Capernaum. The love story of Assol and Gray, their dream come true, was based on the conviction expressed by Green: “I understood one simple truth. It’s about making miracles with your own hands...” Scarlet Sails became a landmark book for the Thaw generation of the 1960s and the romantics of the 1970s.
The real life around him rejected Green's world along with its creator. Critical remarks about the uselessness of the writer appeared more and more often, the myth of the “foreigner in Russian literature” was created, and Green was published less and less. The writer, suffering from tuberculosis, left in 1924 for Feodosia, where he experienced extreme poverty, and in 1930 he moved to the village. Old Crimea.
Alexander Stepanovich Green - Russian poet, prose writer (1880−1932). Alexander's real name is Grinevsky. He was born on August 23, 1880 in the Slobodskaya Vyatka province into the family of an ordinary exiled Pole. His father was a participant in the 1863 uprising. Alexander's mother was Russian. She died when Alexander was only 13 years old.
In 1896, after graduating from the four-year Vyatka School, the future poet left for Odessa. Since childhood, he was attracted to stories about sailors and travels, and was attracted by the theme of discoveries and accomplishments.
In Odessa, Alexander Green tried to fulfill his childhood dream - to go to sea. However, he had to wander a little in search of at least some suitable work. He spent six years wandering, working as a loader, a traveling circus performer, a railway worker, etc. Several times he was lucky enough to go to sea as a sailor on the Odessa-Batumi-Odessa route. Upon his return, Green realized that this job was not for him.
In 1902, due to great need, he voluntarily entered military service and spent several months in a punishment cell. While serving in a reserve infantry battalion, Greene joined the Social Revolutionaries, who helped him desert military service. He found common interests with social revolutionaries and began to conduct underground work in different cities of Russia. In 1903, Greene was arrested for propaganda work and his “wrong” appeals to society. He served a severe sentence in a Sevastopol prison, then was exiled to Siberia for ten years. In 1905 he came under amnesty. Until 1910, Alexander Green was in hiding and lived under an assumed name in St. Petersburg, then he was again arrested and deported to Siberia, from where he fled to St. Petersburg.
Green wrote many stories before he found “his” hero. The writer composed romantic short stories in which events develop in artificial and sometimes exotic circumstances. In 1908, Greene published his first collection of short stories. The famous extravaganza story “Scarlet Sails” became one of the brightest works of Soviet literature, written by Alexander Green in the Petrograd House of Arts.
In 1919, Green served as a signalman in the Red Army. In 1924, Green, a patient with tuberculosis, went to Feodosia for treatment, which over the years brought only a fleeting improvement to his condition. On July 8, 1932, Alexander Green died in the village of Stary Krym.