Lesson on the topic of an excursion to a local history museum. Summary of an excursion to the local history museum for the development of the educational field “Cognition” on the topic: “The fauna of our forests
The topic of the lesson is an excursion to the local history museum
"History of my region"
“When we want to touch history,
Or you want to plunge into a beautiful world
IN let's go museum, we walk through the halls,
And we have a lot of interesting things for ourselves
We find it."
Target:
introducing children to the history of their native land;
the desire to preserve and enhance its history.
Tasks:
to provide knowledge that the local history museum is the custodian of authentic monuments, material and spiritual culture of our city;
consolidate the concepts of “museum”, “ historical sources»;
expand and deepen students’ knowledge of history hometown;
develop logical thinking, curiosity, ability to carry out comparative analysis;
systematize and generalize children's knowledge about wild animals;
develop curiosity, attentiveness, observation;
Organizational moment.
Educator: Guys, today we will go on an excursion to our local history museum, where we will get acquainted with the history of our region and city.
The museum contains exhibits - real objects that existed in ancient times.
How many of you have been to the museum?
What does the word "museum" mean?
Museum (from the Greek μουσεῖον - house of the Muses) is an institution engaged in collecting, studying, storing and exhibiting objects - monuments natural history, material and spiritual culture, as well as educational activities.
Children's trip to the local history museum.
Meeting with the guide
Course of the lesson - excursions.
1. Exhibition “Sing the Land of Aldan”, dedicated to the Year of Literature. “Aldan – pages of history.”
A few years ago, the boundless taiga was noisy in the Aldan region. There was not a single populated area in the vast area. And suddenly life burst into life here. People began to flock here from everywhere. Many people. Wooden buildings appeared along the streams, and roads began to be built. This was a difficult time. There were no cars or airplanes. The birth of the mountainous Aldan, the first-born of the gold industry of Yakutia, was not easy.
At the call of the regional Komsomol committee, Yakut rural youth went into production. She was a leading force not only in mining
They persistently mastered mining professions and became masters of their craft. It was here that they received hardening at work. Aldan workers were always in the forefront of competition and justified the high assessment of their work.
Aldan turned from a prospector into a highly mechanized one: to replace manual labor dredges, excavators and bulldozers, modern enrichment factories arrived.
At the Aldanzoloto plant, gold extraction factories and dredges are constantly being reconstructed, and powerful earth-moving equipment is being introduced into mining operations. The second birth of Aldan as a gold-mining region of the country was the discovery of the Kuranakh gold deposit and the commissioning of a gold extraction factory in Kuranakh.
The Aldan region remains the leading gold mining region of the republic.
And for the first time, Aldan’s gold was discovered by the communist worker Voldemar Bertin and the hunter, non-party Yakut Mikhail Tarabukin.
The gold mining industry of Yakutia, which began with the discovery and development of the underground riches of Aldan, has a glorious history. Their names and deeds deserve recognition. About the pioneers and discoverers of the gold-bearing sands of the Aldan land, about the difficult beginning of its development in the conditions of economic devastation after civil war, about the first steps in the formation of the gold industry, about the general labor upsurge of enthusiasts who began to build new life, we learn from books, from old records that were written by the workers themselves, the gold miners.
“The miners were driving home after work shift, feeling pleasant fatigue in the body. And everyone thought that tomorrow it would not be easier - there would be the same intense task, and they would complete it again. And they will be pleased with themselves, just as any person who has overcome difficulties is pleased.”
2. The world of ancient secrets and mysteries.
In addition, here are exhibited and stored in museum funds unique finds related to the life of ancient people - objects of hunting, everyday life, art. All this is of interest both to scientists from all over the world and to visitors who have the opportunity to come into contact with an era that is approximately 20 thousand years distant from our time.
Yakutia is a world of ancient secrets and mysteries that attracts and calls travelers from different parts of the Earth. Only the bravest and bravest dare to challenge the wayward north, which behind its harsh icy mask hides sincere cordiality and hospitality, incredible generosity and a huge amount of ancient treasures.
The main wealth of the region is its amazing nature. Among the snowy natural charm, Yakutia stands out like a precious pearl, whose history is filled with many ancient secrets and legends telling about the life of the north and its glorious traditions.
3. A unique find.
“In a unique area at a depth of about 100 m, we were able to find rich material for research - soft and fatty tissues, mammoth wool.” People have found mammoth bones since ancient times. But then there was no representative of the animal world on earth that would have bones of such impressive sizes, and this gave rise to many legends. According to one of them, people believed that somewhere deep underground lives a giant beast that does not show itself to people, and can only be discovered after its death. And from the words “ma” - earth, “mut” - mole, they began to call this beast - mamut. According to another legend, he was called Inder. In those days, there was tundra here, herds of mammoths grazed, and people settled. The mammoth was the most numerous representative of the fauna that existed at that time. Mammoth was a good catch for hunters - it provided a lot of meat, and the bones were used for construction and heating of homes. By straightening them, ancient people made spears from mammoth tusks.
In addition to hunting and household tools, amulets were also made. Ancient people revered this majestic animal, which provided food, warmth, and material for building and heating homes.
4. Culture and life of the peoples of our region.
The Evens have lived in the North-East of Russia since ancient times. The Evens are a nomadic people. The life of a taiga person is closely connected with the forest. They built storage sheds from wood to store food and things, made the frame of a dwelling from poles, and built fences for deer. From soft birch and pine wood they made sleds and cargo sleds (tolgokil), tables on short legs (nastol), oars (ulivur), and drawers for utensils (savodal). Wooden objects were decorated with patterns that were applied with a knife, chisel, or drill. They carved wooden masks for shamans, graceful figurines of animals and birds, wooden dishes, children's toys - whistles, dolls.
The tent served as their housing. Three main "turgu" poles. The “turgus” at the top were connected by a fork and installed in such a way that two of them, forming one of the sides of the triangle, were placed oriented towards the path along which they came to the site.
Men were engaged in blacksmithing, processing bone and wood, weaving belts, leather lassos, harnesses, etc., women - dressing hides and rovduga, making clothes, bedding, pack bags, covers, etc. Even blacksmiths made knives, gun parts, etc.
The main material of traditional Even clothing was deer fur, as well as mountain sheep and rovdug fur (suede made from deer skins). The sides and hem were trimmed with a fur strip, and the seams were covered with a strip decorated with beads.
It is typical that at the birth of a child, he was allocated a part of the herd, which, together with the offspring, was considered his property. Children were taught horse riding from early childhood.
Hunting was a traditional activity of the Evenks. It provided the bulk of the needs of Evenki families for food and raw materials for the manufacturing industries of home production. The hunting weapons were a bow (nuua), a spear (gid), a palm-spear (ogpka), a knife (khirkan), a crossbow (berken), a trap-mouth (nan) and a gun. They hunted on horseback on deer, on snow skis (kai-sar) and covered with fur (merengte), chasing, stealth, with a decoy deer, and a hunting dog.
They hunted sable, squirrel, red and black-brown fox, ermine, wolverine, otter, wild deer, elk, mountain sheep, hare, goose, ducks, hazel grouse, partridge, wood grouse, etc.
5. Cult veneration of the Evenks.
Cult of the bear.
Bear hunting, regulated by strict rules and rituals, occupied a special place. The bear was called allegorically, often with words borrowed from the languages of neighboring peoples (Yakuts, Russians, Yukaghirs). On the occasion of the hunt for a bear, a bear festival was held. The Bear Festival (Mans. yany pike - “big dances”, nivkh, chkhyf lerand - “bear game”) is a set of rituals associated with the cult of the bear. The rituals are accompanied by playing musical instruments, ritual and entertaining dancing, singing. There are myths about how the bear festival rituals originated. An Evenki myth tells about a girl who went into the forest, fell into a bear’s den and spent the winter there. In the spring she returned to her parents and gave birth to a bear cub, which they raised. Later the girl married a man and gave birth to a boy. Both brothers grew up and decided to compete. The younger brother, the man, killed the older brother, the bear.
Bear meat is eaten at night throughout the holiday (up to three days), and in the intervals between meals they dance, play, and sing. Among the Evenks, the eldest of the hunters killed the bear. The holiday took place in the house of the hunter who caught the bear. Bear hunting was surrounded by special rules and rituals, which were associated with the veneration of this animal.
The shaman's assistants are sacred birds...
The following birds enjoyed cult veneration among the Orochon Evenks: raven (oli), eagle (kiran), swan (gakh), loon (ukan), teal duck (chirkoni), black woodpecker (kirokta), cuckoo (ku-ku), sandpiper (Chukchumo), snipe (Oliptykin), titmouse (Chipiche-chiche). All these birds were considered the shaman’s assistants in healing rituals, obtaining deer souls, and health for the family. All of these birds are inviolable; it is strictly forbidden to kill them or eat their meat.
The Evenks consider a raven to be a man transformed into a bird. It was believed that crows could take Evenki girls as wives, but they just did not understand the language. Evenki hunters believed that crows helped protect reindeer herds from predators, looking for animals during hunting, identifying them with their cries. Among shamans, the raven acts as the guardian of the shaman's soul during rituals.
“If someone kills a raven, then the soul of the latter flies to its “father Khara Syagylakh” with a complaint against the offender. Then this god terribly punishes the offender-hunter, sending illness to him.”
The eagle was a leading character in shamanic mythology. This is the only bird that can drive away hostile spirits from the shamanic soul. In all rituals, he was the leader and protector of a flock of birds carrying the soul of the shaman.
Loon is a shamanic attribute. In shamanic mythology, this is one of the helping spirits, through which the shaman flies along the “Paths of Birds” to the source of Dolbor, a river originating in the Upper World. Bird spirits act as messengers to the spirits of the Upper World. Many Evenks believe that the earth was created by a loon. It happened like this: “In the beginning there was water. There lived then two brothers - Khargi and Seveki. Seveki was kind and lived above, and the evil Khargi lived below. Seveki's assistants were gogol and loon. The loon dived and reached the ground. Gradually the land grew and took on its modern appearance.”
6. Final part.
Man is the greatest creation of nature. It came out of the animal world in the course of many years of evolution. Nature taught him to work, think, produce, see beauty, observe and comprehend the world. Man would not become man without nature. Nature is everything that surrounds us: living and nonliving.
How much we love to say that man is the master of nature, we call ourselves “Homo sapiens.” And how often we forget that, first of all, man is a child of nature. Everything that surrounds us: forests, rivers, lakes is not only a habitat for birds, fish, animals, but also a human habitat. And birds, fish, animals, plants are our brothers, children of our one mother - nature.
Summarizing.
What did you like best about the museum?
What animal legends did you learn about on the excursion?
What would you like to know more about?
MBOU "Meshkovskaya secondary school"
Shebekinsky district, Belgorod region"
Development museum lesson on the topic “Correspondence excursion to museums of the world”
Prepared by: Orthodox teacher
culture MBOU "Meshkovskaya Secondary School"
Vedutenko Marina Vladimirovna
Goal: acquaintance with the main types of museums in the world.
To form an understanding of the relationship between historical eras and one’s involvement in another time, another culture through communication with historical and cultural monuments;
To form a stable need and skills of communication with the monument, with the museum;
develop the ability for aesthetic contemplation and empathy;
Develop respect for other cultures, a willingness to understand and accept a system of other values;
Develop the need for independent exploration of the world around us by studying the cultural heritage of different eras and peoples.
During the classes
Hello guys!
Today in class we will talk about museums. Who can say what a museum is? (students' answers).
Today I invite you to take a trip to some of the famous museums of our country.
Let's first look a little into history.
The museum has a lot of antiques, things from different countries, they talk about life in the past. The person who understands the silent language of things can go on an exciting journey. The word “museum” itself has its roots in the culture of Ancient Greece. The expression MUSEION in Russian is literally translated as a temple of the muses.
However, the museum of the Greeks was different from our understanding of this expression. In antiquity, this institution was considered as a place of knowledge of the surrounding world, all kinds of thoughts. The most famous was the museum in Alexandria, created by Ptolemy Soter in 280 BC. Here was the largest library of antiquity, which was used by many scientists of that time. At the same time, there were prototypes of modern museums, i.e. collections of certain objects. Famous aristocrats, who collected expensive art objects and jewelry works by masters in their homes, sought to stand out. This is how the owners of beautiful things separated themselves from the lower barbarians. The museum was one of the ways of self-expression.
What types of museums are there? How do you think museums themselves would answer the question: “What can be stored within your walls?”
Answer options. Clothing, household utensils, cars, musical instruments, remains of ancient animals and plants, technical inventions, paintings, works of art, etc.
Today it is customary to distinguish the following types of museums:
artistic,
historical,
natural sciences,
technical,
literary,
memorial,
local history.
Museum exhibits are not just objects, but objects that have come down to us from another time.
A museum exhibit or museum value can become: any object from the surrounding world, if it helps to represent the time in which it was created and “lived”, a unique creation of nature, an object that preserves the memory of an outstanding person or event, a beautiful creation of human hands (technical structure, painting, sculpture, park).
A collection of museum exhibits can tell us more than one thing about its time and owners.
The museum has original exhibits and replicas of exhibits.
The original is a thing, a testament to the era.
The copy is similar to the original in every way. A copy is necessary for the museum if the original cannot be kept in the light, in the open air, if it replaces the lost part of the dilapidated original. Therefore, in museums next to the exhibit it is indicated whether it is genuine. But even the most accurate copy cannot replace the real thing.
And today I want to invite you to the museum. And not even one, but several at once.
Irina Fedorova
Target:
To develop children's interest in history, local history, to form the first ideas about the life of peasants on Bologovskaya land. Instill interest in folk culture, introduce you to ancient Russian objects everyday life: kitchen utensils, tools, clothing, handicrafts.
Introduce children to oral folk art- small folk genres folklore: proverbs, sayings, sayings, riddles, popular expressions. Learn to understand the educational and cognitive meaning of proverbs and sayings.
Material:
Antique household items: samovar, wooden bowl, clay pots, cast iron, oven 11111, kerosene lamp, sickle, linden box, bast shoes, spinning wheel with linen tow, spindle, linen shirt with embroidery, linen towels with lace, linen bed valances, rugs.
Progress of the lesson.
In our museum collected antique things that were used by our great-grandmothers and great-grandparents: kitchen utensils, household items, clothing, handicrafts. In the old days Rus' was called wooden. A long time ago in Rus', peasants built their homes from logs. They were called huts. Everything in the hut was made from tree: floors, ceilings, walls, furniture, and dishes. They cooked food in it, baked bread, slept on it, and warmed the hut in the cold.
Dishes in peasant hut was wooden and clay: pots, spoons, bowls (they were called patches) later a metal one appeared dishes: cast iron, samovar-priest and metal objects everyday life: grip, iron, sickle, kerosene lamp. Baskets and boxes were made from linden splinters, and bast shoes were made from bast. (Teacher shows these items)
Since ancient times, flax has been grown in Rus' and on the Bologovo land. They called him kindly: cute little lenko, little white. And every year, from October 14th, flax began to be spun. They spun flax on such spinning wheels (show). There was a spinning wheel in every house. For the wedding, the father made such a spinning wheel as a gift for all his daughters.
The spinning wheel consists of a riser with a comb, a blade to which the tow is attached, and a bottom on which the spinner sits. The spinning wheel was decorated with patterns.
The spinner twisted the thread and wound it onto the spindle. (Show) Fabric was woven from the resulting threads on special looms. Clothes, towels, and tablecloths were made from linen. They talked: “Flax will exhaust you, flax will make you rich”. In our museum there is a linen shirt with embroidery, linen towels with lace,
linen valances for the bed.
Colored rugs, colorful and elegant, were woven on special looms. Our great-grandmothers were craftswomen and needlewomen. Came to us from ancient times proverb: “Don’t teach by idleness, but teach by handicraft”.
Our ancestors knew how to work, they knew how and loved to have fun and joke. Spoke in Rus': “A song is a friend, and a joke is a sister”. Russian people made up a lot of different jokes, sayings, proverbs, catchphrases, riddles. Now I will tell you ancient Russian riddles, and the answers to them are in our museum.
1. There is a hole on top, a hole on the bottom,
And in the middle there is fire and water.
(samovar)
![](https://i0.wp.com/maam.ru/upload/blogs/detsad-378719-1445672269.jpg)
What is the comparison with a samovar in Rus'? (Pot-bellied, important, like a samovar) About a fat, stupid man.
2. I was dug, I was trampled,
I was at a fire, I was at a market.
While I was young, I fed a hundred heads,
And as soon as he fell, he disappeared.
(pot)
What were they cooking in the pots? (cabbage soup, porridge) They talked: “Soup soup and porridge are our food.”. “Where is the cabbage soup here and look for us”.
3. The trough is full of people.
(bowl with spoons)
![](https://i1.wp.com/maam.ru/upload/blogs/detsad-378719-1445672292.jpg)
4. Horned, but not a bull,
Enough, but not full,
Gives to people
And he goes on vacation.
(grab)
- .They say: “The guy is a grip, he grew up with a grip”. What guy is this? (graspy, strong.)
5. From corner to corner
Iron swindler
We iron everything. concerning,
And if you touch it, it bites.
(iron)
![](https://i2.wp.com/maam.ru/upload/blogs/detsad-378719-1445672317.jpg)
6. Small, hunchbacked,
I searched the entire field.
I ran home - I lay there all winter.
(sickle)
7. Made of iron,
They know how to cut and trim. .
When they meet -
The parts are separated.
(scissors)
8. The ridge is hanging all covered in patches.
(basket)
Bodies and boxes were woven from splinters.
They say: “Talked like crazy”, (lied, chattered)
9. Cells go into the forest.
Cells are coming from the forest.
(bast shoes)
![](https://i1.wp.com/maam.ru/upload/blogs/detsad-378719-1445672349.jpg)
- Why do they say: “The bast shoes are new, but are they leaking?”
Who are they talking about?: “Oh, you bast shoe!”(about a stupid, stupid person.)
10. The more I spin,
The fatter I become.
(spindle)
-Who were they talking about?: “Thin as a spindle?” (about a thin, slender girl)
In what fairy tale did the spindle play? fatal role in life main character? ("Sleeping Beauty")
11. Hanging on the wall, dangling,
Everyone grabs hold of him.
(towel)
12. Pout, don’t pout,
Go over your head.
Dance all day long
And you will go to rest.
One entrance, two exits.
(shirt)
Proverb: “The shirt will wear out, but a good deed will remain”.
13. What a simpleton is this?
I lay down on my side at the door,
On the road, on the threshold, does it stop your feet?
(mat)
Our great-grandmothers were so skillful and cheerful. They talked: “The day until the evening is boring if there is nothing to do”.
Now let's play an old game "Body", which our great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers played.
Rules of the game:
A driver is selected, he has a box in his hands, he goes around everyone playing with words:
Put a pledge in the box ending in - ok!
Children put with words:
I'll put a handkerchief in the box (Strap, patch, shoe, sock, circle, etc.)
Then the driver, one by one, takes out the required items from the box and gives them different tasks:
Whose pledge will be will recite the poem (or a nursery rhyme, or a riddle, etc.)
At the end they repeat the proverbs:
“The end is the crown of the matter.”
"Business before pleasure."
![](https://i1.wp.com/maam.ru/upload/blogs/detsad-378719-1445672399.jpg)
Publications on the topic:
On the eve of the seventieth anniversary of the Victory, we visited the local history museum. We spent a lot of time especially on the Hall of Military Glory. Where.
In our village there is a local history museum and the children and I went on an excursion. Already at the entrance to the museum we saw tubs (barrels) for pickling.
On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory in our garden, MBDOU No. 21 “Brusnichka”, a museum exhibition “I.
On the occasion of the seventieth anniversary of the Great Victory, the children of our institution visited the museum, which was created by teachers and parents. Victory Day is taking.
One of the main directions patriotic education in system preschool education is local history. Fostering a love for nature.
, Cool tutorial
introduction teachers: Good afternoon, Dear friends! Today we invite you to take a short tour of our local history museum. The excursion will be led by our local history guides.
Local historian 1:
Peace be with you, dear guests,
You arrived at a good hour
I will greet you kindly and warmly
We prepared for you!
Local historian 2: The museum was opened in 1998. But before that we had a museum corner. The museum has many exhibits (more than 100) - these are household items that our fellow villagers used 40-60 years ago. They were collected by local historians with the help of teachers, students, and local residents.
Local historian 1: Folk wisdom says: “Don’t forget the old - it keeps the new.”
In our museum: iron, samovar,
Antique carved spinning wheel...
Is it possible to love your land?
Without knowing the history of the region?
Local historian 2:
It's such a miracle here sometimes
You will find yourself among things...
Arsenyevsky will be jealous
Museum of Local Lore...
Here on this material,
What we collected from the heart,
At least some scientific one
Write your dissertation...
Local historian 1:
Collecting the things of our ancestors,
We love our land more than ever,
There is no school without a museum
Without your own history!
Yes, creating a museum is no joke -
It takes a lot of effort and years,
So that it could be fit for a museum
Young local historian!
Local historian 2: The collection of museum exhibits continues. Our local history guides conduct excursions and meet with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, with local residents. Then they design albums and stands about the people of their native land and village, and conduct excursions around the museum for elementary and middle school students, and for school guests.
Local historian 1: It is impossible to imagine the life of a Russian village without earthenware - these are jars, pots, pots, jugs, patches, egg capsules, jars, bowls, cups, bowls and even hand washers. Due to the fact that clay was widely available, plastic as a material, and became heat-resistant after firing, products made from it had a wide range of applications.
Krynka (krinka) is a very ancient type of Russian vessel. According to archaeologists, it was known back in the 10th-13th centuries. Milk or curdled milk was usually stored and served in clay pots. Depending on the additional processing, the krinkas could be scalded, poured (stained), stained, polished and cinnabar.
Local historian 2: This tool played an important role in everyday peasant life, moreover, it was purely female - it was used in the household - this rubel.rubel used for smoothing - “rolling” dry canvas fabric after washing, being, in fact, a prototype of an iron. To do this, the fabric to be smoothed was tightly rolled onto a cylindrical wooden roller, and the working part of the ruble was rolled on top of the flat surface, which was then pressed forcefully with both hands by the handle and the opposite end.
Local historian 1: Coal irons replaced rubles. Coal irons appeared in the times of Peter the Great in the 17th century. They were cast iron. Hot coals were poured into the internal cavity of such irons, after which they began ironing the clothes. As it cooled, the coals were replaced with new ones. The very first ancient irons appeared 2000 years ago in China. There are seven main types of irons in total.
Local historian 2: Spinning wheels have replaced the old spinning wheels. The spinner did not need to rotate the spindle with her hand to twist the thread; now it was enough to set the spinning wheel in motion by pressing her foot and the thread, twisting, was wound onto the reel.
Local historian 1: The rocker was made from linden, aspen, and willow, the wood of which is light, flexible and resilient. In the everyday life of Russian peasants, bent rocker arms in the form of an arc are most common.
Local historian 2: The towel is a “piece of linen.” In the past, towels were made at home from flax. The grown flax was pulled (pulled), wetted, dried, ruffled, carded, then the thread was spun, and canvases were woven from the resulting thread, which were then embroidered by needlewomen. Canvases for towels were bleached, for this purpose they were hung or spread in the sun. The pattern was created from linen thread, alternating bleached and unbleached threads. The creation of towels was dictated not only by material, but also by spiritual culture: use in rites, rituals, traditions. Depending on the purpose, the pattern was determined. Towels also served an aesthetic function.
Rushnik (towel) is a narrow, richly decorated cloth of home production. With a standard width of towels of 39-42 cm, their length ranged from 1 to 5 m. At the ends, ancient towels were decorated with embroidery, woven colored patterns, and lace.
Local historian 1: Women's shirt. Size 44. Composite, sewn from two parts. The upper part, the “sleeves,” is made of thin homespun linen. Low stand-up collar with button fastening, straight slit in the center of the chest. The sleeves are long, tapering at the wrists.
Local historian 2: Household items used every day in peasant farming are always a combination of beauty and practicality. Using natural materials, Russian people created many diverse, practical items necessary for peasant life. Box And chests, often decorated with paintings and locked, have been known since the 10th century. They were intended to store various clothes, dowries, jewelry and valuable tableware. In count chests And boxes judged the well-being of the family.
Local historian 1: Poker, grip, frying pan, bread shovel, broom - these are objects associated with the hearth and oven.
Poker- This is a short, thick iron rod with a curved end, which was used to stir coals in the stove and rake up the heat. Pots and cast iron pots were moved in the oven with the help of a grip; they could also be removed or installed in the oven. It consists of a metal bow mounted on a long wooden handle. Before planting the bread in the oven, coal and ash were cleared from under the oven by sweeping it with a broom.
Local historian 2: And now a little quiz based on the materials from our excursion. We will determine the most active and attentive visitor to our museum, who will receive a commemorative certificate . Application
Sample quiz questions.
- When was our museum opened?
- What material was used to make the dishes? Why?
- What was the ruble used for?
- Why was the iron called coal?
- What is a rocker arm?
- What pattern was used to embroider the towels?
- What did they keep in the chests?
- What role did the grip play on the farm?
- What products were made from wood? Etc.
Teacher: The great Soviet geographer N.N. Baransky said: “To love your Motherland, you need to know it well.” Our excursion has come to an end, but local history work continues. We hope that you will not be indifferent to what you learned about today. The land on which we live is fraught with many mysteries and historical finds. Love your land, your village, make it better, more beautiful. Thank you all for your attention.
Lesson-excursion summary for 9th grade
in the subject "Historical Local History"
Subject: Traveling around Ulyanovsk land
Lesson type:A lesson in gaining new knowledge
Lesson type: Lesson excursion
Target: To acquaint students with the historical features of the Ulyanovsk region when visiting the Museum of Local Lore.
Expected results:
a) in the field of knowledge:
talk about the features of the history of the Ulyanovsk region
show exhibits of the Museum of Local Lore
form a holistic idea of the history of the Native Land with the help of museum exhibits and the guide’s story.
b) in the field of skills and abilities, demonstrate:
develop students’ logical thinking and speech;
continue to develop listening skills
develop an interest in history
V)in the area of qualities, relationships, values demonstrate:
to cultivate respect for the history of the Native land;
form an active life position
continue to cultivate a sense of patriotism
continue to cultivate the feeling careful attitude to the edge
Lesson plan.
I. Organizational moment (2 minutes.).
. (25 min).
III . (frontal survey ),(2 minutes)
I V. Lesson summary. Reflection ( 2 minutes.)
V. Homework: (1 min.)
Progress of the excursion.
I . Organizational moment (2 min.) (Greeting).
II. Learning new material . (25 min).
Teacher: The goals of our excursion are simple - today we will have to learn a lot about the Ulyanovsk region - historical information about our region that our ancestors left us.
IN last years It has become extremely important to pay attention to local history materials and to one’s roots. A person who does not remember his past, does not remember his history, cannot move forward in his development.
Together with you, we will build our lesson in the form of a trip around the Ulyanovsk land, but first we will learn the features of our region.
( A student reads the poem “My City”, author P.T. Melnikov )
MY CITY
My city is not from ancient times,
But it has been firmly established over the centuries.
Stands above the Volga, on a high mountain,
On rivers, lakes, springs.
Other lands will not lure me,
I cannot leave my limit.
My friends and relatives live
On the right and left banks.
In the gardens of Undermountain, before the falling stars,
I heard the apples knocking
From Wentz, taking in the expanse with your gaze,
I called out to my ancestors, but they were silent.
I love it when the city and towns
The beauty of the night lights will spill
And on the wrist of the dozing Volga
Two bridges sparkle with bracelets.
Pyotr Trofimovich Melnikov
Teacher: Now let's move on to our excursion.Exercise : during my story, mark the most interesting, memorable moments in your notebooks.
Ancient and medieval history of the region
The exhibition of the history department opens with sections covering the ancient and medieval history of the region. Materials from the museum's archaeological collection are exhibited here.
The oldest period of history - stone Age– characterize tools made of stone, bone harpoon tips, fragments of Neolithic ceramics.
The Bronze Age is represented by drilled stone axes of the Balanovo culture, a spear tip of the Seima-Turbino type and other bronze tools. The monuments are of significant interest material culture Timber-frame community (mid-2nd millennium BC): bronze axe, sickle, dagger, bracelet, amulets made from animal fangs, ceramic vessels. A graphic reconstruction of a Timber-frame culture dwelling, made by archaeologist Yu.A., is also exhibited here. Semykin based on materials from excavations near the village. Abramovka in the Mainsky district of the Ulyanovsk region
The Sauromatian stone altar, the Ananino celt and some other exhibits date back to the early Iron Age.
era early Middle Ages characterize the archaeological materials of the Imenkovo culture (V-VII centuries): tools, weapons, household items discovered on the territory of the Staromainsky settlement.
A bright page in the history of the region is the period of Volga Bulgaria (X-XIV centuries). The basis of agriculture was farming, combined with cattle breeding. The exhibition includes agricultural tools (ploughshare, hoe), as well as charred seeds of wheat, barley, spelt and oats found during archaeological excavations. The cities of Volga Bulgaria were major centers crafts and trade. The exhibition materials reflect the high level of development of crafts (blacksmithing, jewelry, pottery are on display) and trade (imported items, numismatic material). Among the unique exhibits is a Bulgar stone tombstone of the 14th century.
Of undoubted interest are the materials from the pagan Mordovian Muran burial ground (second half of the 13th – 14th centuries), studied in late XIX– early 20th century Simbirsk archaeologist V.N. Polivanov.
The region in the 17th century.
In 1648, by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the fortress city of Sinbirsk was founded between the Volga and Sviyaga rivers (until the end of the 18th century, the name of the city was written with the letter “n”), which became administrative center and the main stronghold of the Simbirsk-Karsun abatis line. Okolnichy Bogdan Matveevich Khitrovo was appointed head of the construction of the Simbirsk fortress.
The walls and towers of the Simbirsk Kremlin were cut from oak logs. The Simbirsk fortress had eight towers, including two gates. On the outside, the Kremlin was surrounded by a moat about 10 m wide and more than 6 m deep. Inside the Kremlin there was a governor’s courtyard, an arsenal, an official hut, the Trinity Church, a prison, a gunpowder and salt cellar. Outside the Kremlin there was a settlement, also surrounded by a wooden wall and a moat. According to the inventory of 1678, there were 605 households and 1,579 inhabitants in Simbirsk.
The exhibition dedicated to the history of the region of the 17th century presents authentic documents of that era - a grant of land from Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich to Nikita Grigoryevich Levashev (1668), columns from the end of the 17th century.
Simbirsk of the 17th century was a well-fortified fortress city. In the fall of 1670, the fortress garrison withstood a month-long siege by Cossack and peasant troops led by Stepan Razin.
This section exhibits bladed weapons and firearms, as well as defensive weapons of the 17th century: a Streltsy berdysh, a Turkish scimitar, side cannons, a wheeled pistol, chain mail, a misyurka, and an oriental shield.
Simbirsk region in the 18th century.
A century after the Razin uprising, the region was engulfed by a new, even more powerful popular movement led by E. Pugachev. Peasant unrest covered almost the entire territory of the region.
The uprising led by E. Pugachev was defeated. By order of the commander of the punitive forces, Count I.I. Panin, on October 1, 1774, Pugachev was in a special iron cage, in shackles, under the escort of two companies of infantry, 200 Cossacks and two guns, commanded by Lieutenant General A.V. Suvorov was brought with his wife and son to Simbirsk. He stayed in Simbirsk for about 20 days. Count Panin and the head of the secret investigative commission P.S. Potemkin interrogated Pugachev for several days. In November 1774, Pugachev was brought to Moscow and executed on January 10, 1775.
The central exhibit of this section is a pictorial copy of a portrait of E.I. Pugachev, written in Simbirsk in the fall of 1774.
The exhibition presents documents covering the course of the uprising, as well as weapons of the 18th century: an officer’s sword, sabers, a three-shot pistol, a cannon, and a hand mortar.
After the defeat of the Pugachev uprising, in order to strengthen the state apparatus locally, Catherine II issued a law on provincial reform in November 1775. During the implementation of this reform, in September 1780, the Simbirsk governorship was formed, consisting of 13 counties. By decree of Paul I in 1796, the Simbirsk province was formed. The number of counties was reduced to 10.
The exhibition includes a map of the Simbirsk governorship of 1780, a copy of the decree of Paul I on the creation of the Simbirsk province, drawings of the coat of arms of Simbirsk, adopted in 1780, and the coats of arms of district cities.
Among the documentary materials, the engraving by M.I. is unique. Makhaev, made on the basis of drawings by A.I. Candle. The engraving depicts a panorama of Simbirsk in the 60s. XVIII century
By the end of the 18th century. Simbirsk has turned into a large administrative and commercial center with a population of more than 10 thousand people. In 1780, Catherine II approved the first regular plan of Simbirsk, which had a huge impact on the process of formation and development of the city.
Socio-economic development of the region at the end of the 18th - first half of the 19th century
In the first half of the 19th century. Russia remained an agricultural country. The main branch of the economy was agriculture, which developed extensively.
During the period under review, the Simbirsk province was one of the granaries of the Volga region. Bread was exported in large quantities from the province to the cities of the Lower and Upper Volga regions.
The exhibition presents documents characterizing the state of serfdom in the Simbirsk province at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries: an announcement of the sale of serfs, a bill of sale for the sale of serfs, a certificate of marriage license, etc. A unique document - a geometric plan and description of the village. Kindyakovki (1802) - allows you to create an idea of the organization of the landowner's economy.
By the end of the 18th century. There were about 100 landowner and state manufactories operating on the territory of the province: distilleries, leather factories, soap factories, and cloth factories.
Local markets and fairs played an important place in trade. The largest fairs in the region included Karsun, Simbirsk and Sengileevskaya.
Among the authentic documents characterizing the economy of the region is a letter from Emperor Paul I on the transfer of income from trade in the city square in favor of the merchants of Karsun.
The exhibition presents items directly related to trade: scales, a steelyard, a set of pound weights.
Silver rubles of the 18th - early 19th centuries, paper banknotes - banknotes of the early 19th century, and a treasure of copper five-kopeck coins of the second half of the 18th - early 19th centuries are also exhibited here.
Simbirsk region in the first half of the 19th century
IN historical exposition presents a number of rare items related to Freemasonry, the religious and ethical movement of the late 18th - early 19th centuries, which had an impact significant influence for the development of Russian culture.
In Simbirsk, the first Masonic lodge called “Golden Crown” was opened in 1784. Its founder was I.P. Turgenev. The lodge was small, and meetings of lodge members were rare. By 1792 it ceased to exist. The second Simbirsk Masonic lodge “Key to Virtue” was opened in 1817 by Prince M.P. Baratayev.The activities of the lodge mainly boiled down to concerns about education, moral education of its members, as well as charity. The “Key to Virtue” lodge officially existed until 1822, when the manifesto of Alexander I banned Freemasonry in Russia.
The museum is proud of such rarities as Masonic signs and a ritual Masonic sword that belonged to the Key to Virtue lodge.
With the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, three infantry and one cavalry militia regiment were formed in the Simbirsk province. Among the exhibits telling about the participation of Simbirians in the Patriotic War of 1812, a special place is occupied by an award weapon - a sword that belonged to the Simbirian staff captain P.I. Yurlov, who was awarded it for his participation in the Battle of Borodino. The museum also exhibits Russian and French firearms, Russian awards from the Patriotic War of 1812.
The exhibition materials introduce the activities of the Simbirian Decembrists: Nikolai Ivanovich Turgenev, Flegont Mironovich Bashmakov, Vasily Petrovich Ivashev.
The Ivashevsky collection is unique, which includes: an authentic oval portrait of the Decembrist V.P. Ivasheva; box made from V.P.'s shackles Ivasheva; rosary, print, children's drawings; a cord woven from the hair of Kamilla Petrovna (wife of the Decembrist) after her death V.P. Ivashev.
The Simbirsk region gave Russia a number of names that constituted the pride of national culture. Among them N.M. Karamzin (1766-1826) – writer, historian, journalist. Monument to N.M. Karamzin was opened in Simbirsk on August 23, 1845.
Simbirsk at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century
At the beginning of the twentieth century. Simbirsk was one of the large cities of the Middle Volga region, with a population of more than 60 thousand people. In the second half of the 19th century. Telegraph and telephone lines appeared in Simbirsk. In 1913, according to the design of the architect F.E. Volsova a power station was built in the city.
The bulk of the population of Simbirsk at the beginning of the twentieth century. were representatives of the bourgeois class. The museum's exhibition displays furniture that belonged to the Zavyalov family of Simbirsk townspeople: a secretary, a supplier, a women's dressing table.
Noteworthy are the authentic postcards with views of Simbirsk from the early twentieth century, photographs of Simbirsk architects F.O. Livchak and F.E. Volsov, according to whose projects the construction of residential and public buildings in the city took place. These and other materials tell about urban planning, improvement and various aspects of life in Simbirsk at the turn of the century.
A favorite vacation spot for townspeople was the boulevard on Venets, created shortly after the citywide fire of 1864. From Venets there was a picturesque view of the Volga and Trans-Volga region. Brass music was often played here in the evenings.
III . Consolidation of the material studied .
Give me the answer to a few questions.
What are the names and surnames? famous historians did you hear today?
In what year was there a fire in Simbirsk?
According to whose design was the power plant built in the city?
Name the Decembrists you heard today
Who is E. Pugachev?
Who is Polivanov?
I V. Lesson summary. Reflection ( 2 minutes.)
Guys, did you enjoy the tour?
What new things have you learned?
What interesting moments do you remember today?
What interesting exhibits do you remember?
Shall we come on an excursion to the Museum of Local Lore?
V. Homework: (1 min.)Since your task on the excursion was to write down the facts you liked most, you will choose one of the most interesting facts. And at home, using the Internet, try to find out its history, briefly describe it.