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“Pechorin’s Journal” as a means of revealing the hero’s inner world

Roman M.Yu. Lermontov’s “Hero of Our Time” has long attracted literary scholars with its novelty. It was in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov depicted a man in a completely new way, reflecting a new phenomenon of Russian reality. The author reveals the inner world of his hero through his introspection.

In the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov's style and composition are subordinated to one task: to reveal the image of the main character as deeply, accurately and comprehensively as possible, to trace the history of his life and inner world. “The history of the human soul,” the author writes in the preface to “Pechorin’s Journal,” “even the smallest soul, is perhaps more interesting and useful than the history of an entire people, especially when it is written without a vain desire to arouse participation or surprise.”

The image of the main character is revealed from two sides: from the point of view of outside observers (Maksim Maksimych, the narrator) and with the help of the diary entries of Pechorin himself.

In the preface to the novel, the author tells us something that the main character himself could not tell: Pechorin died while returning from a trip to Persia. This news justifies the author’s right to publish “Pechorin’s Journal”: “it gave me the right to print these notes, and I took the opportunity to put my name on someone else’s work.”

"Pechorin's Journal" consists of three stories: "Taman", "Princess Mary" and "Fatalist". The plot of the stories is of a concentric type: Pechorin is at the center of all events. Here M.Yu. Lermontov leaves us alone with the hero. The pages of the “Journal” are an extremely sincere confession of the hero to himself.

The style of writing “Pechorin’s Journal” is in many ways close to the style of the author’s narration in the stories “Bela” and “Maksim Maksimych”. Also V.G. Belinsky noted: “although the author presents himself as a person completely alien to Pechorin, he strongly sympathizes with him, and there is an amazing similarity in their view of things.”

The secretive Grigory Pechorin, who knows how to accurately determine every thought, every mental state of his interlocutors and himself, talks with unusual frankness about his life, about his deep dissatisfaction with himself and his entire environment. Pechorin is a subtle psychologist. In self-analysis, in “reflection” (in the terminology of V.G. Belinsky) is Pechorin’s strength and at the same time weakness. Hence his superiority over others, and this is also one of the reasons for his skepticism, dissatisfaction and disappointment.

In each story, officer Grigory Pechorin appears before readers from a new perspective.

In the story “Taman” M.Yu. Lermontov shows us a young, dreamy man who is in search of novelty and adventure. In Pechorin’s soul there lives a kind of naive, even childish faith in something better and unusual. The strange beauty attracts him; she seems wonderful and unique to Pechorin. Like a child, he is attracted to everything unknown. But, having been cruelly deceived, the hero, who was robbed and almost drowned, comes to his senses again. He returns to his usual state of a person disappointed in everything. He condemns himself for breaking away from reality and believing in magic.

In the story “Princess Mary” Pechorin appears before us in a dual image. On the one hand, this time clever man well aware of all his actions and their consequences. On the other hand, it seems to us that a demon is sitting in the hero, forcing him to play an unclean game. The officer uses various methods to achieve the love of young Mary. Pechorin does not need her love at all; he is attracted only by adventure, by achieving his goal - to make Grushnitsky unhappy. Pechorin easily changes several masks, without showing his true essence to anyone. When Mary falls in love with him, the hero leaves the stage - the goal is achieved.

On the pages of this story “The Journal” we see Pechorin, who uses people for the sake of temporary satisfaction. At the same time, he is calculating, understands perfectly what he is doing, even condemns himself for it, but still continues in the same spirit. The hero is absorbed in his boredom and does not show any warmth towards people.

The last story of the “Journal” reveals to us another side of the hero’s personality: Pechorin does not value the gift of life. Even possible death is just a game that can relieve boredom. Pechorin tries to test himself, risking his life. He is courageous, courageous, and has nerves of steel. One inevitably begins to wonder what feats and accomplishments this person with such abilities and such will would be capable of. But it all comes down to just the “thrill”, the game with death.

Communication with people brought Pechorin only irritation and disappointment. He lost hope of being understood by others. Hence his withdrawal and isolation. Hence the wall between him and the environment. Hence the oppressive feeling of loneliness and spiritual emptiness.

Pechorin appears in the “Journal” as a man who feels deeply and suffers. His soul is “spoiled by the light”, and his whole life is a retribution for his own actions. Pechorin's personality is complex and contradictory. Without wanting it, he becomes the culprit of the misfortunes of others. The author's skill in creating a psychological portrait of Pechorin is manifested in the depiction of his inner life, his introspection, which we find on the pages of Pechorin's Journal.

Literature:

Belinsky V.G. Hero of our time. – M.: Sovremennik, 1988.

Grigoryan K.N. Russian literature of the 19th century: Reader of literary terms: A book for teachers. – M.: Education, 1984.

Lermontov M.Yu. Hero of our time. – M.: Pan Press, 2011.

Udodov B.T. Roman M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”: A Book for Teachers. – M.: Education, 1989.

Lesson topic:

“Pechorin’s Journal” as a means of self-disclosure of the protagonist’s character

Target: trace how against the background of life ordinary people Pechorin’s inconsistency stands out sharply, to answer the question: how is the hero’s inner world revealed in “Pechorin’s Journal”?

Tasks:

1) Teach critical understanding (analysis, comparison) of a literary work.

2) To form information and communication competence of students.

3) Develop independence, the ability to interact in a team, and a culture of communication.

Equipment: multimedia: presentation, film excerpts

During the classes:

Slide 1.

1. Organizing time.

In previous lessons we got acquainted with the theme, idea, composition of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". We analyzed the first chapters of the novel. Today, as we continue to work on the novel, we will try to trace how Pechorin’s inconsistency stands out sharply against the background of the lives of ordinary people, and we will also answer the question: how is the hero’s inner world revealed in “Pechorin’s Journal”?

Open your notebooks and write down the topic of the lesson.

Today we have an unusual form of work - work in groups. The groups were previously given an assignment on one of the chapters of the Journal. Each student will be assessed at the end of the lesson: there is an assessment sheet on the tables, which is filled out by the person responsible in this group.

2. Blitz - a survey on the content of the novel. Creating motivation.

Slide 2-10

So, before we move on to working in groups, let's remember the events and characters of the work.

Fragments from the novel are offered with omissions in place of geographical names.

We need to fill in the gaps.

Based on excerpts from the novel, you need to guess the character in question.

Each item needs to find an owner.

3. Updating knowledge. Preparing to perceive something new

Slide 11

When was the novel written?

(since 1838, and 2 years later published as a separate publication)

What is the problem of the work?

(Lermontov is interested in the problems of the individual and society, man and the environment that raised him, man and fate, his idea of ​​faith and predestination, the problem of finding the meaning of life, free will and necessity).

3.1. Composition (presentation Composition)

We have already noted the unusual composition more than once. What is it?

(The novel consists of separate chapters, not arranged in chronological order.)

Those. the plot does not coincide with the plot. What are PLOT and FABULA?

Slide 12

Fable - events recreated in a work, which are connected by a temporal sequence and a logical, cause-and-effect relationship.

Plot - this is an “artistically constructed distribution of events” (B.V. Tomashevsky), a set of plot motifs given in the sequence and with the degree of completeness that is necessary for the implementation of the author’s plan.

In other words, the plot is the eventual backbone of the work, a kind of summary in which one event naturally follows from another and cannot be skipped without violating the general logic. The plot is a form of embodiment of the plot; the story of events may be accompanied by a violation of the chronological sequence, acceleration or slowdown of the pace of the narrative, omissions or, conversely, artistic concretization and detailed development of individual moments that are most important from the author’s point of view.

Name the chapters in plot and chronological order.

Slide 13-14

Why don't the plot and plot coincide in a novel? Was it by chance that Lermontov abandoned the chronological principle in the arrangement of the stories included in the novel, and the order of their initial publication?

(Thanks to the unusual sequence, we GRADUALLY learn the psychology of the hero and an objective way of presenting the image of Pechorin arises: first he is seen from the outside, in his external manifestations (from the 3rd person - Maxim Maksimych; from the 2nd person - the officer-narrator, and then appears in a SUBJECTIVE way, in diary entries (from the 1st person - Pechorin himself). All other characters also explain in one way or another the personality of the main character. The reader involuntarily compares him with these people and, comparing, evaluates him in a new way and deeper comprehends.)
Yuri Mikhailovich Lotman, literary critic, cultural critic, writes:

“In this way, Pechorin’s character is revealed to the reader gradually, as if reflected in many mirrors, and none of the reflections, taken separately, gives an exhaustive description of Pechorin. Only the totality of these voices arguing among themselves creates the complex and contradictory character of the hero.”

Slide 15

From whose lips do we learn about the fate of the main character?

(There are three narrators in the novel: Maxim Maksimych, a traveling officer and Pechorin himself.)

3.2. Psychological portrait of Pechorin.

Let's turn to the chapters of the novel to see how the hero's inner world is revealed.

The hero in the assessment of Maxim Maksimovich.
- Who introduces Pechorin to us in the chapter “Bela”?

(Pechorin appears before the reader in the story of Maxim Maksimovich, in his perception).

- How does Pechorin appear in his story? Find it in the text.

(Reading a fragment from words: “Once, in the fall, a transport arrived...” to the words “... a rich man: how many expensive things he had”).

Can you trust the opinion of Maxim Maksimovich? (He does not understand that a person does not always strive to expose his feelings, does not understand the reasons for the “unhappy character” of the hero. He believes that the reason for this is spoilage in childhood. For him, Pechorin is strange. Which means he is hidden and mysterious to us, the readers).

The hero in the assessment of the second narrator - a traveling officer.

Who introduces Pechorin to us in the chapter “Maxim Maksimych”?
(The narration is continued by the conditional author, the “publisher” of Pechorin’s diary.)
- What did the traveling officer see in the guise of Pechorin?
(The hero’s appearance is woven from contradictions. His portrait explains Pechorin’s character, testifies to his fatigue and coldness, to his unspent strength. Observations convinced the narrator of the richness and complexity of this man’s character.Give examples from the text.
("…slim, slim figure his broad shoulders proved a strong build, capable of enduring all the difficulties of nomadic life..."
"...he did not wave his arms - a sure sign of some secretiveness of character..."
“...he sat as Balzac’s thirty-year-old coquette sits on her downy chairs after a tiring ball...”
"...his skin had some kind of feminine tenderness..."
"...his mustache and eyebrows were black - a sign of the breed in a person..."
“...I must say a few more words about the eyes.
First of all, they didn't laugh when he laughed! Have you ever noticed such strangeness in some people?.. This is a sign of either an evil disposition or deep, constant sadness.”
"... had one of those original physiognomies that secular women especially like...").

- This is how we see Pechorin through the eyes of Maxim Maksimych and the traveling officer. Thus, Lermontov creates a detailedpsychological picture,the first in Russian literature.

3.3. Working with a term

What does it mean psychological portrait?

Slide 16

Writing in a notebook

Psychological picture- this is a characterization of a hero, where the author presents external details in a certain sequence and immediately gives them a psychological and social interpretation.

What is his role?

(A psychological portrait, in contrast to verbal drawing, gives us an idea of ​​the inner essence of the hero.The portrait of a hero explains the character of the hero, his contradictions, testifies to the fatigue and coldness of Pechorin, and the unspent strength of the hero. Observations convince the narrator of the richness and complexity of this person’s character).

Do we understand the hero, since we have considered the point of view of both Maxim Maksimych and the traveling officer?

Slide 17

(The hero is, of course, interesting. The more mysterious, the more interesting. Pechorin has a strong individuality, he is endowed with charm, but there is also something in him that alarms the reader. He is both strong and weak, hardened and pampered. He is able to fight for love - and he quickly cools down, does not know how to love for a long time. After infatuation, he quickly becomes cold and feels a sense of emptiness in his heart.)

4. Analysis of Pechorin’s journal

Where is the hero’s inner essence most fully revealed?
(If the first two stories in the genre are travel notes (the narrator noted: “I am writing not a story, but travel notes”), then the next stories are Pechorin’s diary - “Pechorin’s Journal,” which explains the mysteries of his character.

4.1. Working with a term

Slide 18

Diary - these are records of a personal nature in which a person, knowing that they will not become known to others, can set forth not only external events, but also internal, hidden from everyone, movements of his soul.

Pechorin was sure that he was writing “this magazine... for himself,” which is why he was so open in describing them.

What parts does Pechorin's Journal consist of?
(Three chapters of the novel - “Taman”, “Princess Mary” and “Fatalist” - are parts of “Pechorin’s Diary”.)

Who represents our hero?
(The hero himself receives the floor, analyzing himself with the utmost degree of penetration and giving the reader the opportunity to look into his soul from the inside.)

5. Group work

5.1. Working with a table:

In the course of working in groups, we answer the question: how is the hero’s inner world revealed in Pechorin’s Journal? The results of observations are entered into a table as the discussion progresses.

5.2.Analysis of the story “Taman”

Slide 19

So, what will the reader learn from Taman? ( condensed retelling ).
- What surprised Pechorin in the heroes of the chapter “Taman”?

Watching an episode from the film: dialogue between a blind man and an undine girl.

Think How does Pechorin’s character manifest itself in this episode?

Why did he need to “get the key” to the smugglers’ riddle? (Pechorin is an active person. Here, as in “Bel,” the hero’s desire to get closer to the original sources of existence, a world full of danger, the world of smugglers, is manifested. But Pechorin understands that among “honest smugglers” it is impossible to achieve that fullness of life , the happiness that his soul so longs for. In this world, his prosaic side, real life contradictions, are revealed to him).

Why is he sad at the end of their story? What does this reveal about his character? (Watching the meeting of the blind man and Yanko causes sadness in the hero, reveals histhe ability to sympathize with the hero. Pechorin feels sorry for the deceived boy. He understands that he has scared off the “honest smugglers”; their lives will now change. Watching the boy cry, herealizes that he is also lonely. For the first time throughout the story, hethere is a feeling of unity of feelings, experiences, destinies.)

Why does the hero's activity bring misfortune to people? With what feeling does the hero pronounce the words: “And what do I care about human joys and misfortunes?” (The hero's activity is directed towards himself, she does not have a high goal, he just curious . Hero looking for real action, but finds its semblance, a game. He is annoyed with himself for the fact that invading people’s lives does not bring them joy; he is a stranger in this world.)

Conclusion:

What features of the hero’s character are revealed in the story “Taman”?
(Shows himself asman of action. Decisive, courageous , but his activity turns out to be pointless. He does not have the opportunity to indulge in major activities, to perform actions that would be remembered, for which Pechorin feels the strength. Hewastes himself, getting involved in other people's affairs, interfering in other people's destinies, invading other people's lives and upsetting other people's happiness).

What did you write in the table?

To the table (Decision, courage, interest in a new circle of people, the ability to sympathize, hope for a romantic adventure, adventurism.)

5.3. Analysis of the story “Princess Mary”

Slide 20

Which story most fully reveals spiritual world Pechorina?
(Stories “Princess Mary.”)

What kind of society surrounds the hero this time? How is it different from the highlanders, the smugglers? (The environment surrounding the hero is people equal to him in social background- representatives of secular society).

Then why was there a conflict between this society and Pechorin?
(Among the people of this society there were no people equal to him intellectually. For these people, the main thing is not the inner world of a person, but his appearance; the feelings of women are fleeting and shallow.)

Why do you think the hero so persistently seeks the love of a young girl, Princess Mary, whom he will never marry?
(Pechorin cannot always sort out his feelings.“But there is immense pleasure in possessing a young, barely blossoming soul! She is like a flower whose best fragrance evaporates towards the first ray of the sun; you need to pick it up at this moment and, after breathing it to your heart’s content, throw it on the road: maybe someone will pick it up! I feel this insatiable greed within me, devouring everything that comes my way; I look at the sufferings and joys of others only in relation to myself, as food that supports my spiritual strength.”.)

How does this characterize Pechorin?

(One can note the hero’s consumer attitude towards women, his selfishness, even cruelty . Pechorin does not take into account the simple truths that you need to think about other people, you cannot bring them suffering. Pechorinloves himself too muchto give up the pleasure of torturing others.)

What features of Pechorin appear in him during the last meeting with Mary? (June 16).

Read this episode(“I stood opposite her” to the words “I thanked, bowed respectfully and left”).

(Pechorin is not playing here. He developed feelings that are natural for a person in this situation -pity, compassion. He wants to be honestwith Mary, so he directly explains that he laughed at her and she should despise him for this. At the same time, it’s not easy for Pechorin himself).

But is his soul so callous? Why did Pechorin’s heart beat stronger than usual when remembering Vera? Do you think Pechorin is capable of love?
(Vera’s love for Pechorin has that sacrifice that Mary does not have. Vera’s tenderness does not depend on any conditions. The sensitivity of her heart made it possible to understand Pechorin with all his vices and sorrow.

Pechorin's feeling for Vera is extremely strong and sincere. This is the true love of his life. And yet, for Vera, he also does not sacrifice anything, as for other women. On the contrary, he inflames jealousy in her, dragging after Mary. But there is a difference: in his love for Vera, he not only satisfies his passionate need of the heart and love, he not only takes, he also gives a part of himself.

This quality is especially evident in the episode of the crazy, desperate chase on a wildly galloping horse for Vera, who has left forever. Read it out.

Reading the episode.

This episode is deep symbolic meaning. Pechorin forever lost not only Vera, his beloved woman, but also hope for the future and love for people.

What are Pechorin's views on friendship? How is Pechorin characterized by his relationship with Werner and Grushnitsky?

("... I am not capable of friendship: of two friends, one is always the slave of the other; I cannot be a slave, and in this case, commanding is tedious work..." Pechorin has no real friends.)

What can pride and lack of friends lead to?
(To loneliness, of course).

What assessment does Pechorin give to Grushnitsky at the beginning of their acquaintance? Why is Pechorin so irreconcilable in his perception of this man?

(Pechorin is unpleasant about Grushnitsky’s manner of pronouncing “ready-made pompous phrases... to produce an effect...” “I don’t like him either, I feel that we will someday collide with him on a narrow road, and one of us will be in trouble.”)

What feature of Pechorin’s character can we highlight?
(The ability to understand the inner essence of a person.)

- How does Pechorin behave in the duel scene?
(During the duel, Pechorin behaves like a human courageous . Outwardly he is calm. Only after feeling the pulse did Werner notice in itsigns of excitement. The details of the description of nature that Pechorin wrote down in his diary also reveal his experiences: “... down there it seemed dark and cold, like in a coffin; Mossy jagged rocks... awaited their prey.”)

Does the hero experience the triumph of a winner?
(Pechorin hard : “I had a stone on my heart. The sun seemed dim to me, its rays did not warm me... The sight of a man was painful for me: I wanted to be alone...")

For what purpose does the author introduce the image of Grushnitsky?
(To highlight the true depth and originality of the main character. Grushnitsky is a caricature of Pechorin, he is very similar to him, but at the same time is his complete opposite. Grushnitsky has all the negative properties of Pechorin -selfishness, lack of simplicity, self-admiration. Pechorin’s duel with Grushnitsky is Pechorin’s attempt to kill the petty side of his own soul).
- So, what features of Pechorin are revealed in the chapter “Princess Mary”?What did you write in the table?

To the table: (Selfishness, cruelty, lack of simplicity, self-admiration, masculinity, insight, demonstrates the ability to love).

5.4. Questions and tasks for discussing the chapter “Fatalist”

We examined the image of Pechorin when meeting danger. Further, in the hero’s reasoning, his life philosophy emerges. Let's turn to the chapter "Fatalist".

Working with a term

What is fatalism and who is a fatalist?

Slide 21

Fatalism - belief in a predetermined, inevitable fate. The problem of fate, predestination, worried Lermontov's contemporaries, and people of the previous generation... worries us today too. Pechorin was also worried about this problem. Is there destiny? What influences a person's life?

Slide 22

What is Vulich’s attitude towards predetermination in fate? at Pechorin? Which of them has it ambiguous and why?

(Vulich does not doubt the existence of predestination and suggests “trying for yourself whether a person can arbitrarily dispose of his life, or whether everyone... has a fateful moment assigned in advance”;

At Pechorin's there are no ready answers to questions related to the existence or absence of a predetermined human destiny, predestination, but he understands that character is of considerable importance in a person’s fate. The character of the hero has a desire to actively intervene in the lives of people he meets along the way. Of all the events depicted in the story, the herocomes to an idea: under any circumstances, no matter what, you need to act, show your will and determination).

What action of Pechorin confirms these thoughts?

(Scene of the capture of a drunken Cossack)

How does Pechorin behave? What conclusions does it draw?

(Analyzing the situation and behavior, he says “that he decided to tempt fate.” But At the same time, he does not act at random, contrary to reason, although not from rational considerations alone)

Reading the episode from the words: “I ordered Esaul to start a conversation with him...” to the words “The officers congratulated me - and definitely, there was something!”

What did the officers congratulate Pechorin on?

(Pechorin commits a heroic act: for the first time hesacrifices himself for others. The egoistic will, which previously did evil, now becomes good, devoid of self-interest. It is filled with social meaning. Thus, Pechorin’s act at the end of the novel opens possible direction hisspiritual development).

Why does the story end up last in the novel, despite the fact that its place is different chronologically?

(Sums up the philosophical understanding life experience, which befell Pechorin. The hero experiences for the first time and last time trust in fate, and fate this time not only spares him, but also elevates him. The fatal predetermination of human destiny is crumbling, but tragic social predetermination remains (the inability to find one’s place in life).

To the table (able to sacrifice himself for others, able to develop spiritually).

6. Systematization of knowledge

Slide 23

Analyze the contents of the table and draw a conclusion: how does Pechorin appear before us in the “Journal”?

(Pechorin appears in the Journal as a man who feels deeply and suffers. His soul is “spoiled by the light”, and his whole life is a retribution for his own actions. Pechorin’s personality is complex and contradictory. Without wanting it, he becomes the culprit of the misfortunes of others).

A few days before the duel, the hero is occupied with the question of the meaning of life. What does he see as the purpose of his own existence?

Reading a passage by heart("...why did I live? For what purpose was I born?...)

Noble aspirations, according to the hero, are the most significant thing in a person’s life.

Why can't Pechorin find meaning in life?
()

- Guys, could we today, from the perspective of a person of the 21st century, having become acquainted with the fate and inner world of Georgy Pechorin, give him some advice or recommendations? (Children's answers).

Slide 24

Vasily AlexandrovichSukhomlinsky, a Russian teacher, gives us advice:

“You live among people... Check your actions with your consciousness: are you not causing harm, trouble, or inconvenience to people with your actions. Make the people around you feel good.”

7. Homework. Ratings.

Slide 25

This is the hero of that time. What would we take in our time?

An essay about: "What character traits are necessary for a hero of our time? (Based on the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”).”

Mark the work of active students, analyze the assessment sheet.

How does Pechorin's Journal reveal the hero's inner world?

Topic: Image of Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin. Psychological characteristics of the main character of the novel “A Hero of Our Time.”

Goals: to form the concept of Pechorin as a literary hero, to develop the ability to draw up a psychological portrait based on his actions; develop logical thinking students, the ability to work in pairs; to cultivate moral values, the positions of students: the ability to be responsible for their words and actions to themselves and society.

Literary theory: novel, main character, portrait, psychological portrait, diary, hero.

Equipment: text of the novel, epigraph, video clip “Pechorin’s Monologue” from the film, photo actors playing the roles of the main characters of the novel (1965, 2006), test tasks, diagram “Pechorin’s Character Traits”, comparative “Circles”.

Lesson type: combined, research lesson.

“And for you, Pechorin is a hero?”

Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky

During the classes:

І Organizational moment

II Update background knowledge

Repetition of literary concepts: novel, main character, portrait, psychological portrait for use in the lesson.

Test tasks

1. The title of Maxim Maksimych.

a) Staff captain; b) lieutenant; c) private.

2. How old was Azamat?

a) 15; b) 20; at 10 o'clock.

3. How did Kazbich take revenge for Karagyoz?

a) Killed Bela; b) killed Azamat; c) killed Bela's father.

4. The reason for the duel between Pechorin and Grushnitsky.

a) Grushnitsky slandered Mary; b) Pechorin’s date with Vera; c) Grushnitsky found out that Mary loves Pechorin.

5. How old is Pechorin?

a) 18; b) 25; c) 40.

6. How did Bela die?

a) Kazbich shot; b) Pechorin shot; c) Kazbich stabbed to death with a dagger.

7. What dances did Pechorin dance with Mary?

a) waltz; b) mazurka; c) square dance; d) cotillion.

8. Why did Vulich die?

a) shot himself; b) hacked to death by a drunken Cossack; c) in a duel.

9. Who is Werner?

a) Vera’s husband; b) friend of Pechorin; c) friend of Grushnitsky.

10. What did Azamat ask Kazbich in exchange for his sister?

a) horse; b) checker; c) saddle.

11. Who suggested playing a joke on Pechorin during the duel?

a) Grushnitsky; b) dragoon captain; c) Werner.

12. At how many steps did Pechorin and Grushnitsky shoot?

a) 32; b) 18; at 6.

13. Smuggler's name:

a) Ivan; b) Yanko; c) Dmitro.

14. From whom did Pechorin receive notes after the duel?

a) from Vera; b) from Werner; c) from Mary.

III Motivation for learning activities

Lermontov's only completed novel was not originally conceived as a complete work.

“A Hero of Our Time” is “the story of the human soul,” one person who embodied in his unique individuality the contradictions of an entire historical period. Pechorin is the only main character. His unity in the novel is fundamentally significant. The story of an extraordinary person’s attempts to realize himself, to find at least some satisfaction to his needs, attempts that invariably turn into suffering and losses for him and those around him, the story of his loss of powerful vitality and an absurd, unexpected, but prepared by everything told death from having nothing to do, from being useless to anyone and to oneself.

IV Message of the topic, objectives of the lesson

V Working on the topic of the lesson

Working with the epigraph (answer to the question at the end of the lesson). Find out who a hero is (concept).

Description of Pechorin's appearance (presentation “Photo of the hero from the film” 1965, 2006 .)

- quotes with descriptions

("...his slender, thin frame and broad shoulders proved a strong build, capable of enduring all the difficulties of nomadic life..."
"...he did not wave his arms - a sure sign of some secretiveness of character..."
“...he sat as Balzac’s thirty-year-old coquette sits on her downy chairs after a tiring ball...”
"...his skin had some kind of feminine tenderness..."
"...his mustache and eyebrows were black - a sign of the breed in a person..."
“...I must say a few more words about the eyes.
First of all, they didn't laugh when he laughed! Have you ever noticed such strangeness in some people?.. This is a sign of either an evil disposition or deep, constant sadness.”
"... had one of those original faces that secular women especially like...").

- conclusion: The hero's appearance is woven from contradictions. His portrait explains Pechorin’s character, testifies to his fatigue and coldness, to his unspent strength. Observations convinced the narrator of the richness and complexity of this man's character.

3. psychological portrait of Pechorin:

- recording the concept of psychological portrait in a notebook;

Psychological picture- this is a characterization of a hero, where the author presents external details in a certain sequence and immediately gives them a psychological and social interpretation.

- diagram “Pechorin’s character traits” (recorded during the lesson);

Pechorin

- Pechorin’s diary:

1. The concept of “diary”

Diary - these are records of a personal nature in which a person, knowing that they will not become known to others, can set forth not only external events, but also internal, hidden from everyone, movements of his soul.

(Pechorin’s diary is the confession of the main character. On its pages, Pechorin speaks about everything truly sincerely, but he is full of pessimism, since the vices developed by society and boredom push him to strange actions, and the natural inclinations of his soul remain unclaimed).

2. Work in pairs (analysis of problematic issues on cards)

1st pair: Pechorin and his women;

(The image of Bela in “Hero of Our Time”

Bela's heart bends towards Pechorin only when he tells her that he wants to go to war in order to leave his head there. This episode reveals to the reader her merciful and kind soul as a girl.

In mutual love with Pechorin, Bela's best sides are revealed. She is cheerful, mischievous, talented: she sings and dances in such a way that it’s no match for society ladies at balls. It was not easy to win Bela, but in love she is a real treasure: passionate, faithful, devoted, attentive, sensitive. Bela's ardent love is one for life.

When the shallow feelings of the adventurer Pechorin for her begin to fade, loving girl feels it immediately and fades away before her eyes. Pechorin cannot hide his cooling, Bela feels it in her heart. But even in suffering, she remains proud, does not reproach her loved one, does not try to limit his freedom or forcefully tie him to her by cunning. Without love there is no life for her, therefore, leaving the fortress, Bela somehow brings her early death closer.

Even dying from a wound inflicted by Kazbich, Bela only wants to see Pechorin and worries that due to the difference in religions, she will not meet him in heaven. At the same time, she refuses to change her faith - she was born in this, and will die in this. For her beloved to remember her - this is the last wish of this girl’s loving heart.

The image of an undine in “A Hero of Our Time”

Another girl in the novel is a smuggler. She resembles a mermaid in her habits and looks very unusual. “Far from being a beauty...”, she, nevertheless, captivates Pechorin. He sees a “breed” in her. Ondine is beautiful, like a wild animal, artistic, eccentric. She behaves strangely: she sings on the roof, talks to herself, without embarrassing anyone. With her naturalness, even wildness, she conquers Pechorin. He had never seen anything like this before; the charm of novelty captured him.

At first, Pechorin thinks whether the girl is crazy, her behavior is too original. But “... there were no signs of madness on her face; on the contrary, her eyes focused on me with lively insight, and these eyes seemed to be endowed with some kind of magnetic power ... "

“The extraordinary flexibility of her figure, the special, only characteristic tilt of her head, long brown hair, some kind of golden tint of her slightly tanned skin on her neck and shoulders, and especially her correct nose - all this was charming for me.

Soon the insightful Pechorin begins to notice that the girl is not as natural as she wants to seem, that she is playing a “comedy”. But he doesn’t want to believe his observations, because he has already created an attractive image in his mind:

“Although in her indirect glances I read something wild and suspicious, although there was something vague in her smile, but ... the right nose drove me crazy”

In the end, Pechorin does not find anything truly interesting and sincere in the undine. On the contrary, she vilely lures him onto the boat, pretending to be in love, and then tries to drown him so that he does not inform the commandant about the smugglers. Pechorin is disappointed and angry with himself for being so deceived.

The image of Mary in “A Hero of Our Time”

The female images of the “Hero of Our Time” are continued by Princess Mary. This is a young innocent girl. Mary is beautiful and rich, she is an enviable bride. Mary has a sharp mind and is well educated:

“...read Byron in English and knows algebra: in Moscow, apparently, the young ladies have embarked on learning, and they are doing well, really! Our men are so unkind in general that flirting with them must be unbearable for an intelligent woman...”

Mary is surrounded by fans. She carries herself proudly, even arrogantly, has a sharp tongue, and knows how to carry on a conversation. She is often quite caustic and knows how to make fun of an unlucky interlocutor.

“The princess seems to be one of those women who wants to be amused; if she feels bored around you for two minutes in a row, you are lost irrevocably: your silence should arouse her curiosity, your conversation should never fully satisfy it; you must disturb her every minute...” - the experienced Pechorin says to Grushnitsky about Mary.

At the same time, Mary shows pity for the sick Grushnitskoy in a soldier’s overcoat and hands him a glass of water. She is greatly impressed by the action of Pechorin, who defended her. At heart, Mary turns out to be a naive, fearful child - she almost faints from fear when a drunken hooligan clings to her at the ball. Inexperienced in life, Mary is an easy prey for the skilled seducer Pechorin.

The girl’s kind heart leans towards Pechorin, who managed to show himself misunderstood and unappreciated in society:

“The princess sat opposite me and listened to my nonsense with such deep, intense, even tender attention that I felt ashamed. Where did her liveliness go, her coquetry, her whims, her daring expression, her contemptuous smile, her absent-minded gaze?..”

Mary receives a crushing blow from her first love: she was just a game of her chosen one. The girl’s pride is hurt, and all the strength of her tender feelings turns into hatred. “I hate you” - these are the last words of Princess Pechorin. Will she be able to trust anyone else now? Will he be able to love?

“But there is immense pleasure in possessing a young, barely blossoming soul! She is like a flower whose best fragrance evaporates towards the first ray of the sun; You need to pick it up at this moment and, after breathing it to your heart’s content, throw it on the road: maybe someone will pick it up!”

The image of Vera in “A Hero of Our Time”

Vera is a woman-victim. She has long been in love with Pechorin, who “dried up her heart.” She endures this, hides her love from her next husband, and is tormented by jealousy. Her only consolation is that her beloved is single.

At the same time, Vera is a smart woman. She is the only one who understood Pechorin for who he is, with all his cunning, passions and vices, and yet continues to love. Vera is sick and knows that she apparently doesn’t have long to live. She says that her mind tells her to hate Pechorin, but she, on the contrary, is drawn to him and is grateful to him for all the minutes spent together.

Vera is unhappy, she says that she sacrificed everything for the sake of love for Pechorin. By this, Vera means the joy of life, and not some benefits (she is married for convenience, to an elderly man, for the sake of her son’s well-being). “My soul has exhausted all its treasures, all its tears and hopes for you...” Vera wants a reciprocal sacrifice, and suffers because she knows: she will not expect any sacrifices from Pechorin:

“Isn’t it true, you don’t love Mary? won't you marry her? Listen, you must make this sacrifice for me: I have lost everything in the world for you...”

The feeling of love does not bring Vera true joy: for her, love is a sea of ​​suffering. Reproaches, jealousy, self-humiliation:

“You know that I am your slave; I never knew how to resist you... and I will be punished for this: you will stop loving me!”

“Maybe,” I thought, “that’s why you loved me: joys are forgotten, but sorrows are never…”)

2nd pair: Pechorin and friends;

("... I am not capable of friendship: of two friends, one is always the slave of the other; I cannot be a slave, and in this case, commanding is tedious work..." Pechorin has no real friends.)

3 pair: Duel with Grushnitsky ( monologue by pre-prepared students);

- How does Pechorin behave in the duel scene?
(During the duel, Pechorin behaves like a humancourageous . Outwardly he is calm. Only after feeling the pulse did Werner notice in itsigns of excitement ).

4th pair: Why can’t Pechorin find the meaning of life?

( An extraordinary person, endowed with intelligence and willpower, with a desire for active activity, cannot manifest himself in the life around him. Pechorin cannot be happy and cannot give happiness to anyone. This is his tragedy.)

Conclusion: Generally speaking, Pechorin is an extraordinary person, intelligent, educated, strong-willed, brave... In addition, he is distinguished by a constant desire for action; Pechorin cannot stay in one place, in one environment, surrounded by the same people. Is this why he cannot be happy with any woman, even with the one he is in love with? After a while, boredom overcomes him and he begins to look for something new. Is this why he ruins their destinies? Pechorin is not tempted by such a fate, and he acts. Acts without regard for the feelings of other people, practically without paying attention to them. Yes, he is selfish. And this is his tragedy. But is Pechorin alone to blame for this?

(Pechorin’s video monologue from the 2006 film)

So,"All". Who does he mean? Naturally, society. Yes, the very society that interfered with Onegin. On the one hand, an extraordinary, intelligent person, on the other hand, an egoist who breaks hearts and destroys lives, he is an “evil genius” and at the same time a victim of society.

4. Pechorin is an “extra person,” like Onegin. Compare the two heroes.

5. Pechorin the hero?

VI Lesson summary

1. Problematic issues:

- what is the tragedy of Pechorin?

Positive and negative qualities of Pechorin?

Why does Lermontov break the sequence of the novel?

2. Student assessment.

Final word teachers : Pechorin cannot be happy and cannot give happiness to anyone - this is his tragedy. We see two Pechorins. His actions are contradictory. Just now, at the behest of his heart, he rushes in pursuit of Vera. The best human qualities awaken in him.

We see his noble impulse, but... the horse died, he could not go further, his thoughts gradually returned to normal order, and now he was cold again, again laughing at himself with the usual mockery and judging himself. Only Pechorin can do this.

The episode of farewell to Mary is also important for understanding Pechorin.

We saw that it seemed to combine two people. His behavior is contradictory: either he succumbs to the impulse of his heart, or he ponders his actions with composure. It combines selfishness and humanity, cruelty and the ability to pity, and responsiveness.

Nikolaev Russia did not give Pechorin the opportunity to act, deprived his life of a high purpose and meaning, and the hero constantly feels useless, he is bored, he is not satisfied with anything. Neither talent, nor abilities, nor the ability to be a winner in all skirmishes with fate and people bring Pechorin happiness and joy.

VII Homework

Make a card with questions about the novel that have not yet been answered, characteristics female images novel.