“Traits of Sentimentalism in the Novel“ Poor Liza. Sentimentalism
"For peasant women know how to love ..."
N.M. Karamzin
Sentimentalism is the direction of 18th century literature. It contradicts the strict norms of classicism and, first of all, describes the inner world of a person and his feelings. Now the unity of place, time and action does not matter, the main thing is a person and his state of mind. NM Karamzin is probably the most famous and talented writer who actively worked in this direction. His story " Poor Lisa»Reveals to the reader the tender feelings of two lovers.
Traits of sentimentalism are found in N. Karamzin's story in every line. The lyrical narration is carried on smoothly, calmly, although the intensity of passion, the power of emotions is felt in the work. The heroes experience a new feeling of love for both of them - tender and touching. They suffer, cry, part: "Liza was crying - Erast was crying ..." The author describes in great detail the state of mind of unfortunate Lisa when she accompanied Erast to the war: "... abandoned, poor, lost her feelings and memory."
All artwork permeates lyrical digressions... The author constantly reminds of himself, he is present in the work and comments on everything that happens to his characters. "I often come to this place and almost always meet spring there ...", - the author tells about a place near Si ... a new monastery, just there was the hut of Liza and her mother. “But I throw the brush ...”, “my heart bleeds…”, “a tear is rolling down my face” - this is how the author describes his emotional state when he looks at his heroes. He feels sorry for Liza, she is very dear to him. He knows that his "lovely Lisa" is worthy better love, honest relationships, sincere feelings. And Erast ... The author does not reject him, because "dear Erast" is a very kind, but by nature or upbringing, a windy young man. And the death of Lisa made him miserable for the rest of his life. N. M. Karamzin hears and understands his heroes.
A large place in the story is devoted to landscape sketches. The beginning of the work describes a place "near the Si..nov monastery", a neighborhood of Moscow. Nature smells fragrant: a "magnificent picture" opens up to the reader, and he finds himself in that time and also wanders through the ruins of the monastery. Together with the "quiet moon" we watch the date of the lovers and, sitting "under the shade of an old oak tree", we look into the "blue sky".
The very name "Poor Liza" is also symbolic, where in one word both the social position and the state of the soul of a person are reflected. The story of N.M. Karamzin will not leave any reader indifferent, it will touch the delicate strings of the soul, and this can be called sentimentality.
Literature lesson for grade 8 based on the story
N.M. Karamzina "Poor Liza"
Topic: "Traits of sentimentalism in the story of N.M. Karamzin
"Poor Lisa"
Lesson objectives:
Educational:
To acquaint with the personality of the writer N.M. Karamzin, to give the concept of sentimentalism as literary direction, his basic principles of portraying the hero; illustrate them with the example of the story.
Developing:
Promote the development of critical thinking, interest in the literature of sentimentalism.
Educational:
Contribute to the education of a spiritually developed personality, the formation of a humanistic worldview.
During the classes
I.1) Organizing time .
Hello guys. Tune in to a good job. I invite you to have a frank conversation.
Slide 1.2. Please write down the topic of the lesson: “Traits of sentimentalism in the story of N.М. Karamzin "Poor Liza". As an epigraph to the lesson, we take the words of E. Osetrov: "Poor Liza" is an exemplary work dedicated not to external events, but to a "sensitive" soul. "
To determine the goals of the lesson, read the topic again and highlight the keywords (traits of sentimentalism).
So, the keywords are "traits of sentimentalism", you correctly identified. But in order to identify these traits, what do you think is needed for this?
Slide 3. First, to get acquainted with sentimentalism as a literary movement, to name its features.
Secondly, to analyze the story and find features of sentimentalism in it.
2) Listening to the song "Love is a Magic Land"
While listening to the song, write down, in your opinion, the main keywords.
Why do you think we started the lesson on the story of N.M. Karamzin “Poor Liza” by listening to this song? How are Karamzin's story and song related? (it's about love, about what excites hearts)
- What words did you write down for yourself while listening to the song? (the keywords are “love, happiness, deception, fairyland, etc.)
3) Conversation.
How much does the work you read differ from those discussed in previous lessons? (the language of the story is much closer to us, it is easier to read than the works of those Russian authors with whom you met before Karamzin).
II... Acquaintance with the personality of N.M. Karamzin.
Slide 4. The whole creative way Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin as a literary artist and even a journalist closes in a short, slightly more than ten-year period from 1791 to 1803. After that, Karamzin spent 23 years of his life in professional historiography - creating a 12-volume History of the Russian State.
Slide 5. Still thirteen years old literary creation it turned out to be enough to gain the glory of a great writer, reformer of Russian literature and language, to mark with his name a whole great period in the development of Russian literature.
Slide 6. , outstanding literary critic says that Karamzin created a Russian public, which did not exist before him, created readers - and since literature is unthinkable without readers, we can safely say that literature, in modern meaning of this word, began with us from the era of Karamzin and began precisely thanks to his knowledge, energy, delicate taste and extraordinary talent: “Karamzin was the first in Russia who began to write stories that interested society ... stories in which people acted, depicted the life of the heart and passions in the midst of ordinary everyday life ", stories in which" as in a mirror, the life of the heart is faithfully reflected ... as it existed for people of that time. " "The pure, lofty glory of Karamzin belongs to Russia, and not a single writer with true talent, not a single scholar, even from those who were his opponents, refused to give him deep respect and gratitude," wrote A.S. Pushkin.
Slide 7. Karamzin's works enjoyed great success not only among "educated" readers, but also among readers of a common rank. One of the writer's contemporaries spoke about the popularity of Karamzin's prose: "What could be sweeter for Mr. Karamzin? .. Men, artisans, monks, soldiers - everyone knows about him, everyone loves him! ..."
Slide 8. This is what Karamzin saw as the secret of literary creativity: “They say that the author needs talent and knowledge: a sharp, discerning mind, vivid imagination, and so on. Fair enough, but not enough. He needs to have a kind, gentle heart, if he wants to be a friend and a favorite of our soul ... "
* Highlight in this statement main idea and write it down in a notebook.
Slide 9. All contemporaries and literary descendants saw in Karamzin a pioneer and reformer who made a revolution in Russian literature. Karamzin came into Russian life simultaneously with the penetration of the first sentimentalist trends into Russian literature. Sentimentalism is a literary trend, marked by an increased interest in human feeling, emotional perception of the world around. Sentimentalists evaluated a person in a new way: whether he is capable of big, sincere and deep experiences.
What do you expect from works of sentimentalism? (Students make the following assumptions: these will be works that are “beautifully written”; these are light, “calm” works; they will talk about a simple, Everyday life person, about his feelings, experiences).
Slide 10 .- Paintings will help us to more clearly show the distinctive signs of sentimentalism, because sentimentalism, like classicism, manifested itself not only in literature, but also in other types of art. Look at two portraits of Catherine II. The author of one of them is a classicist artist, the author of the other is a sentimentalist. Determine which direction each portrait belongs to and try to substantiate your point of view. (Students unmistakably determine that the portrait made by F. Rokotov is classic, and the work of V. Borovikovsky belongs to sentimentalism, and they prove their opinion by comparing the background, color, composition of paintings, pose, clothes, expression on Catherine's face in each portrait).
Slide 11.12. Record the definition of sentimentalism.
Slide 13. In 1792, the "Moscow Journal" published the story "Poor Liza" by NM Karamzin. This work brought fame and popularity to the author. In a short time, it was reprinted 6 times. An indicator of the literary shock that his story was for Russian fiction was the wave of imitations that swept Russian literature at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. One after another, novels appear, varying the Karamzin plot: "Poor Masha" by A. Izmailov, "Seduced Henrietta" by I. Svechinsky, "Dasha, a country girl" by P. Lvov, "Unhappy Margarita" by an unknown author, "Beautiful Tatiana" by V. Izmailov , "The Story of Poor Marya" by N. Brusilov. ").
Why did the story, written in 1792, have an unprecedented success? What did the audience find in her? (The audience was compassionate common people, sympathized with the victims of the passions).
III... Analysis of the story "Poor Liza"
From this point of view, we will consider the heroes of Karamzin's story "Poor Liza". But before we plunge into the plot of the work, let's check how carefully you read the text. (Slides 14,15,16,17 )
The city in which the described events take place? (Moscow)
The main characters of the story. (Lisa, Erast, Lisa's mother)
What flowers and at what price did Lisa sell in spring in Moscow? (lilies of the valley, 5 kopecks)
What glass of drink did Erast drink from the hands of Lisa's mother? (milk)
What does Erast agree with Liza's mother to protect the girl from going to the city? (on the sale of her works to Erast)
Several weeks passed. The reason for Lisa's eyes reddened from tears? (matchmaking of the son of a wealthy peasant from a neighboring village)
How many days in a row did Erast not come to Lisa? (5)
What did Erast tell Lisa when he came to her after a long absence? (he goes to war, goes camping)
Two months have passed. Lisa went to Moscow for rose water. What happened that day? (Lisa met Erast)
Why did Erast have to marry an "elderly rich widow"? (correct your financial situation)
What did Liza do with the ill-fated 100 rubles that Erast wanted to buy off with? (sent them to their mother along with the news of her death)
How was Erast's life? (he was unhappy until the end of his days)
Landscape. And now we will take a short walk around the outskirts of Moscow. Students find lines at the beginning of the story that describe the objects.
Slide 18 ... The story "Poor Liza" begins with a description of the surroundings of the Simonov Monastery, conjugated in the associative memory of the author-narrator with "the memory of the deplorable fate of Liza, poor Liza." We will also follow the writer on an excursion around the outskirts of Moscow. “Perhaps no one living in Moscow knows the surroundings of this city as well as I do, because no one more often than mine wanders on foot, without a plan, without a goal - wherever they look - through meadows and groves, over hills and plains. Every summer I find new pleasant places or new beauty in old ones, ”the author states at the beginning of the story.
Slide 19. Simonov monastery. Let's read the lines of Karamzin: “But the most pleasant for me is the place on which the gloomy Gothic towers of Si ... the new monastery rise. Standing on this mountain, you see on the right side almost all of Moscow, this terrible bulk of houses and churches<...>: a magnificent picture, especially when the sun shines on it, when its evening rays glow on countless golden domes<...>... Below, fat, densely green flowering meadows are spread, and behind them, over yellow sands, flows a bright river, agitated by the light oars of fishing boats or rustling under the steering wheel of heavy plows, which<...>endow greedy Moscow with bread. "
Slide 20. Moscow river. “On the other side of the river is an oak grove, near which numerous herds graze: there young shepherds, sitting under the shade of trees, sing simple, dull songs and thus shorten the summer days, so monotonous for them.”
Slide 21 ... Danilov Monastery. “Further, in the dense greenery of ancient elms, the golden-domed Danilov Monastery shines” ...
Slide 22. Sparrow Hills - "... even further, almost on the edge of the horizon, the Sparrow Hills are blue."
Slide 23 ... The village of Kolomenskoye. "On the left side you can see vast fields covered with bread, woods, three or four villages and in the distance the village of Kolomenskoye with its high palace."
We will conclude this excursion with the author's statement: “There, leaning on the ruins of grave stones, I listen to the dull groan of times, absorbed by the abyss of the past, - a groan from which my heart trembles and trembles.<...>All this renews in my memory the history of our fatherland - the sad story of those times when fierce Tatars and Lithuanians devastated the outskirts of the Russian capital with fire and sword and when unhappy Moscow, like a defenseless widow, expected help from God alone in any of its calamities. "
* What mood does the landscape create for you? What is his role in the story? (The author not only introduces the scene of the action, but also conveys to the readers a sad mood, foreshadowing a tragic development of events. The landscape is unusual in that it has a spiritual and emotional character.)
* Why does the description of the surroundings precede the plot of the story? What does the narrator contrast in this landscape? (Depicting the environs of Moscow, the author contrasts "greedy" Moscow with "a terrible bulk of houses" and the beautiful natural nature, described using the epithets "blooming", "light", "light". This theme will be continued in the plot of the story.)
The story "Poor Liza" is written on a classic story about the love of representatives of different classes: its heroes - the nobleman Erast and the peasant woman Liza - cannot be happy not only for moral reasons, but also for social conditions of life.
* Name works known to you in which the authors touch on the theme "Love and Social Inequality". ("Cinderella", "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Muromsky", "The Young Lady-Peasant")
* What does the word "poor" mean in the title of the work? This word can be understood in two ways (slide 24 ): an indication of the social status of the heroine or the attitude of the author towards her? Find synonyms. (The word "poor" conveys to the reader the attitude towards the author's heroine.)
* Is it only class barriers that separate the heroes? To answer this question, let's compare the heroes. (Slide 25 )
2) Matching heroes (Slide 26 )
Find words and expressions that characterize the heroes, fill in the table.
Lisa
Erast
The name Elizabeth means "worshiping God"
Beautiful in body and soul, of rare beauty, she worked day and night, dear ... peasant woman.
The name Erast means "beloved"
A fairly wealthy nobleman, with a fair mind and a kind heart ... but weak and windy. He led an absent-minded life, thinking only about his own pleasure ...
Determine if only social barriers separate the heroes. (Heroes are divided not only by social, but also by moral barriers.)
We determine from the text of the story what values are significant in each of the heroes' worlds. Two students write the students' suggestions on the chalkboard. A note is recorded on the board and in the notebook:
"Lisa's World"
"World of Erast"
village
money
idyll
deception
nature
town
flowers
reason
lilies of the valley
big light
old mother
greed
the senses
Moscow
tears
bulk
shepherd boy
3) The image of Lisa.
Teacher activity
Student activities
Tell us about Lisa. How do we see the main character in the parental family? What did her parents teach her?
Lisa was an obedient daughter, helping her mother in everything. She was modest, conscientious, not greedy for money: "I don't need too much."
“The deplorable fate of poor Liza”, “lovely, amiable Liza”, “gentle Liza”.
What is the relationship between mother and daughter?
In what does Lisa see her duty to her mother?
"You breastfed me and followed me when I was a child, now it's my turn to watch you." "God gave me hands to work."
What did Lisa do all day?
She worked: selling lilies of the valley and berries; knitted stockings; weaved canvases.
Why did Liza have to work?
Because father (Ivan) is dead. Until his death, he worked hard, was a wealthy peasant, plowed the land, led a sober lifestyle.
What can you say about Lisa's mother?
How do you think she raised her daughter?
For what purpose was the image of Lisa's mother introduced into the story?
A kind old woman, sensitive. A woeful widow, she went 6 ten. She raised her daughter correctly, did not allow her to take extra money, but only what she honestly earned. "Liza, it is better to feed on your own labors and not take anything for free."All the best that was in Liza (decency, hard work, good behavior, the ability to love faithfully and faithfully, to feel deeply) is the fruit of her mother's upbringing. The mother acts as a mentor, guardian angel for her daughter.
4) The image of Erast.
Teacher activity
Student activities
Tell us about Erast. How did he appear before you, before Lisa's mother? In your opinion, Erast is positive or bad guy?
A young man, a fairly wealthy nobleman; with a fair amount of reason; a kind heart, but weak and windy. Mother seemed like a good kind gentleman.Erast– new hero for Russian literature. Karamzin, creating the image of Erast, seeks to showpsychologya person, noting the positive and negative aspects of his character ("a fair mind", "kind heart", but at the same time the heart is "weak and windy"). Secular scattered life, the search for pleasure made Erast a bored and jaded person.
What will we learn about Erast before meeting Lisa?
He led an absent-minded lifestyle. I thought about my pleasure; I looked for him in secular amusements, but did not find him; bored and complained about fate.
Under what circumstances did Erast and Lisa meet?
Lisa was selling lilies of the valley in the city. He wanted to buy for 1 ruble, and she asked for 5 kopecks.
How to understand the words of the hero: "Nature calls me into her arms"?
Erast wants to leave the light for a while. “It seemed to him that he had found in Liza what his heart had been looking for for a long time. ... nature calls into its arms, to pure joys ”.
How does Karamzin show the development of feelings between young people?
Liza - with downcast eyes, with fiery cheeks, with a trembling heart.
He has pink lips.
What was the flared up feeling for Liza and for Erast, who had already tasted the secular fun?
He learned that he was passionately loved by a new, pure, open feeling.
The feelings of the heroes, their state are closely connected with nature. Prove that descriptions of nature "prepare" characters and readers, "tune" them to certain events.
Lisa was in love, and everything seemed beautiful and beautiful to her. Their feelings were pure and pure.
5) The relationship of the heroes.
Teacher activity
Student activities
Why do you think Erast did not want Lisa's mother to know about their meetings?
“She doesn't need to say anything. Old people are suspicious. "
Do you also think that parents should not know about such meetings?
You should definitely know who their daughter is dating.
What thoughts did Erast have? Did he want to hurt her?
The kindest: "I will live with Liza as brother and sister, I will not use her love for evil and I will always be happy."
“Reckless young man! Do you know you eat your heart? Can you always be responsible for your movements? Is reason always the king of your feelings? "
When and why did Erast's attitude to Liza change dramatically?
“Integrity now had to perish. Ah, Lisa, Lisa, where is your guardian angel? Where is your innocence? "
"The fulfillment of all desires is the most dangerous temptation of love ..."
How did the relationship of the heroes end?
Erast announces that he is marrying another; gives Lisa 100 rubles and asks the servant to take Lisa out of the office.
What is the fate of the heroes? Was Erast happy?
Lisa rushes into the pond, as Erast deceived her, taking advantage of her youth and gullibility. And Erast, having gone bankrupt, was forced to marry an old widow. Erast is unhappy because he married without love.
IV. Summarizing.
Why the heroes could not be happy, was it only social inequality that was an obstacle to their happiness?
Slide 27 - What is the role of the landscape in the story? (The whole love story of Liza and Erast is immersed in a picture of the life of nature, constantly changing according to the stages of development of love feelings. Examples of the emotional fullness of a landscape sketch: the melancholic autumn landscape of the introduction, foreshadowing the general tragic denouement of the story, a picture of a clear, dewy May morning, to which a declaration of love takes place Liza and Erast, and the picture of a terrible night thunderstorm accompanying the beginning of a tragic turn in the fate of the heroine. Thus, the landscape from the usual background of the action turned into a means of psychological characterization of the heroes and acquired "correlation with the inner world of a person as a kind of mirror of the soul").
Slide 28. - What is the characterization of the narrator's character? (The image of the author-narrator is included in the figurative structure of the story as its full-fledged hero and the acting (speaking) person; it is a kind of aesthetic center of the entire narrative structure, to which all its semantic and formal levels are drawn, since the author-narrator is the only mediator between the reader and the life of the heroes, embodied by his word. The narrator sets the emotional tone of the story by his feelings for the fate of the heroes, his emotions are transmitted to the reader).
How do you understand the meaning of Karamzin's words: "And peasant women know how to love"? (The idea of extra-word value is combined with the image of poor Lisa human personality)
Why is Poor Lisa a work of sentimentalism? (Since it traces allfeatures of sentimentalism : the main theme of the story is love; the ideological basis is a protest against the depravity of an aristocratic society;
in the story, an educational character is expressed, the village is sharply opposed to the city;
at the heart of aesthetics is imitation of nature, idealization of patriarchal life;
heroes are more individualized; their feelings become the central aesthetic category of the story; the idyllic life of the heroine - in the bosom of nature; spiritual world commoners are rich, in her - the cult of innate moral purity; the author represents the heroine in the movements of the soul, thoughts, feelings, aspirations).
Why did the reader like Karamzin's story so much? (According to V. N. Toporov, "for the first time in Russian literature, fiction created such a way of true life, which was perceived as stronger, poignant and convincing than life itself.")
Thus, on the pages of the story, the author speaks of different love: on the one hand - love-friendship, on the other - love-passion, thereby showing the many-sided nature of this feeling and, as it were, making it clear that it can be both beautiful and dangerous.
V. Lesson summary. Grading. Homework: Letter to the hero (Lisa or Erast)
Application
Card number 1
1. Tell us about Lisa.
2. How do we see the main character in the parental family?
3. What did her parents teach her?
5. What is the relationship between mother and daughter?
6. In what does Lisa see her duty to her mother?
7. What did Lisa do all day?
8. Why did Lisa have to work?
9. What can you say about your mother?
10. How do you think she raised her daughter? For what purpose was the image of Lisa's mother introduced into the story?
11. Does she look like modern mothers?
Card number 2
1. Tell us about Erast.
How did he appear before you, before Lisa's mother?In your opinion, is Erast a positive or negative character?
2.What do we learn about Erast before meeting Lisa?
3. Under what circumstances did Erast and Lisa meet?
4. How to understand the words of the hero: "Nature calls me into her arms"?
5. How does Karamzin show the development of feelings between young people?
6. What was the flared up feeling for Lisa and for Erast, who had already tasted the secular fun?
7. The feelings of the heroes, their state are closely related to nature. Prove that descriptions of nature "prepare" characters and readers, "tune" them to certain events.
Card number 3
1. Why do you think Erast did not want Lisa's mother to know about their meetings?
2.Do you also think that parents should not know about such meetings?
3. What thoughts did Erast have? Did he want to hurt her?
5. When and why did Erast's attitude to Liza change dramatically?
8. How did the relationship of the heroes end? What is their fate? Was Erast happy?
The story Poor Lisa was written by Karamzin in 1792. In many ways, it corresponds to European standards, which is why it caused shock in Russia and turned Karamzin into the most popular writer.
At the center of this story is the love of a peasant woman and a nobleman, and the description of the peasant woman is almost revolutionary. Prior to that, in Russian literature, there were two stereotypical descriptions of peasants: either they are unfortunate oppressed slaves, or comical, rude and stupid creatures that cannot be called people. But Karamzin approached the description of the peasants in a completely different way. Liza does not need to sympathize, she has no landowner, and no one oppresses her. There is also nothing comic in the story. But there is a famous phrase And peasant women know how to love, which turned the minds of people of that time, tk. they finally realized that peasants are also people with feelings.
Traits of Sentimentalism in Poor Lisa
In fact, there is very little that is typically peasant in this story. The images of Lisa and her mother do not correspond to reality (a peasant woman, even a state woman, could not only be engaged in selling flowers in the city), the names of the heroes were also taken not from the peasant realities of Russia, but from the traditions of European sentimentalism (Lisa is derived from the names of Eloise or Louise, typical of European novels).
The story is based on a common human idea: every person wants happiness... Therefore, the protagonist of the story can even be called Erast, and not Liza, because he is in love, dreams of an ideal relationship and does not even think about something carnal and base, wanting live with Liza like brother and sister... However, Karamzin believes that such pure platonic love cannot survive in the real world. Therefore, the culmination of the story is Lisa's loss of innocence. After that, Erast ceases to love her as purely, since she is no longer an ideal, she became the same as other women in his life. He begins to deceive her, the relationship is broken. As a result, Erast marries rich woman, while pursuing only selfish goals, not being in love with her.
When Lisa finds out about this, having arrived in the city, she is beside herself with grief. Considering that she no longer needs to live, tk. her love is destroyed, the unhappy girl rushes into the pond. This move emphasizes that the story is written in the tradition of sentimentalism, because Liza is driven exclusively by feelings, and Karamzin places strong emphasis on describing the feelings of the characters in Poor Liza. From the point of view of reason, nothing critical happened to her - she is not pregnant, not disgraced in front of society ... Logically, there is no need to drown herself. But Liza thinks with her heart, not her mind.
One of Karamzin's tasks was to make the reader believe that the heroes really existed, that the story is real. He repeats several times that he writes not a story, but a sad story... The time and place of action are clearly indicated. And Karamzin achieved his goal: people believed. The pond in which Lisa allegedly drowned herself became the site of mass suicides of girls who were disappointed in love. The pond even had to be cordoned off, which led to an interesting epigram.
Aramzin, well acquainted with the latest trends in European culture, deliberately focused on the principles of sentimentalism. In his story "Poor Liza", published in the "Moscow Journal" in 1792, the vices of society are not denounced, but only portrayed. The heroes of the work are ordinary suffering people, sweet and sensitive. The narrator empathizes with them, but does not teach them, does not interfere in their relationship. The author knowingly clarifies that he learned the story of Erast and Lisa from the very culprit of the unfortunate events, therefore he exclaims: “Ah! For
Why am I writing not a novel, but a sad story? "
The story begins with a description of the surroundings near the Simonov Monastery. A simple, monotonous landscape. Natural nature does not change from year to year. Karamzin seems to breathe in the sensitive reader a feeling of eternal rest. So in the genre of idyll it was then customary to depict nature.
". On the other side you can see an oak grove, near which numerous herds graze." Isn't it a peaceful life of shepherds and shepherdesses away from noisy cities?
However, the traces of time are noticeable everywhere - they remind the sensitive author that the life of nature is not at all as it seems at first glance, calm and unchanging. He writes: “I often come to this place and almost always meet spring there; I also go there on gloomy autumn days. "
Gradually, the narrator prepares us for the fact that the plot of the story will develop against the background of a calm rural nature, and in a city where life is almost always unnatural, and sometimes destructive.
The writer wants to say that a village man cannot hide from worldly tragedies in the bosom of nature, and a city dweller cannot isolate himself from simple and natural morals. “There is nothing permanent in the world, all boundaries are easily displaced,” as if the writer was thinking. The village where Liza lived with her mother was “about seventy fathoms from the fortress wall,” that is, it bordered on the city. Then the writer draws natural nature, and against its background - a dilapidated hut. The theme of “all-destructive time” (“thirty years before that”) appears. This is an artistic device, so beloved by Karamzin.
Lisa's mother is a simple rural woman, a peasant woman, with her own patriarchal ideas about life. V sentimental literature it was considered positive quality... It is about this heroine that N. M. Karamzin says his significant words: "And peasant women know how to love." The old woman wants a happy marriage for her daughter, believing that this does not require wealth, everything should be built on honest work.
It turns out as follows. Lisa meets a wealthy citizen of Erast when, for the first time, on behalf of her mother, she comes to the city to sell lilies of the valley. He is kind, cordial. He liked Lisa. Out of fullness, the young man offers a ruble instead of five kopecks for a bouquet, wanting to please the girl. It does not even occur to him that feelings and money cannot be near. People who passed by grinned wryly, taking what they saw for an attempt to buy love.
Sensitive Lisa gives flowers only for their price. When the girl reappears with bouquets in the city, Erast prefers to throw the lilies of the valley into the river, answering passers-by that they are not for sale.
Karamzin's flowers have become a symbol of purity, love, which Lisa hopes for. Erast also believes in a bright future. He thinks for the sake of Lisa to leave the great light and live "in happy righteousness." The writer is ironic, realizing that the dream young man read from books. It is felt that Erast is not ready for love until the end of his days, he thinks to leave the city "at least for a while."
Karamzin looks at the heroes with sadness, realizing that class differences will not allow them to build a life together.
Lisa also doubts the happy outcome of events. She reflects on Erast: "Oh, if only he were a simple shepherd boy." But love captured all Lisa's feelings, she hopes for a miracle, although she says to her beloved: “You cannot be my husband !. I am a peasant. "
Both Lisa and her dear friend took over a lot from each other, changed in many ways, although in their souls each remained himself. He believes that almost everything can be bought for money, she is still sensitive and kind.
After the chaste Lisa is given to her lover, everything changed. For five days Erast did not come, at last “he came with a sad face”. Karamzin writes: “He forced her to take some money from him” so that Liza would not sell flowers to anyone until he returned from the war. Probably, he still does not want to lose her, wanting her youth (“flowers”) to belong only to him.
She doesn't sell her lilies of the valley. However, after a while he went to Moscow in order to make the necessary purchases, met in the city of Erast, who because of money (lost his estate) married a rich widow. After a short conversation, he again offers Lisa money: "Here's a hundred rubles - take them - he put the money in her pocket."
It is interesting that Lisa, as the sentimental narrator tells, also sends money (ten imperials) to her mother in order to atone for her guilt before her. How she looks like Erast now!
Karamzin finishes the story, reflecting on what happened: “I often sit in thought, leaning on the receptacle of Lizin's ashes; a pond flows in my eyes ”. The writer, as it were, justifies the heroes: "Now, maybe they have already made up!" His morality coincides with the scale of values of sentimental culture. The author does not know how and where the souls of the beloved will unite. The main thing for him is that every person needs sympathy and compassion, no matter what class he belongs to.
N. M. Karamzin's contemporaries were acutely worried about the novelty of this marvelous story. For us, readers living in the 21st century, much seems naive, although it was certainly very interesting to get acquainted with the work of a sentimentalist writer.
- Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin becomes the founder of sentimentalism in Russia. The son of the landowner of the Simbirsk province, in his youth he served in the guard, from where he was dismissed with the rank of lieutenant. Travels around Europe, and in 1791, ...
- Almost always, people who are forgotten and humiliated by all do not attract special attention of those around them. Their life, their little joys and big troubles seemed to everyone insignificant, unworthy of attention. Such people and such to them ...
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- I. Relevance of the story "Poor Liza" by NM Karamzin at all times. II. True and false values in the story. 1. Labor, honesty, kindness of the soul are the main moral values Lisa's family. 2 ....
- The story of Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin "Poor Liza" has become a typical example of sentimentalism. Karamzin was the founder of this new literary trend in Russian literature. In the center of the story is the fate of the poor peasant girl Liza. After the death of his father ...
- The best story Karamzin was rightly recognized as “Poor Liza” (1792), which is based on the educational idea of the extra-class value of the human person. The problematic of the story is of a social and moral character: the peasant woman Liza is opposed by the nobleman Erast. Characters ...
- The story begins with a description of the cemetery where the girl Lisa is buried. Based on this picture, the author tells the sad story of a young peasant woman who paid with her life for her love. Once, selling on the street collected ...
- He is convinced that the fighting classes, feudal lords and the bourgeois, are equally right, that the “ideal” shell of their aspirations is a lie, that their declarations cover up egoism. “Aristocrats, servilists want the old ...
- The writer achieved the greatest success in the genre of the story. Even if the plot in the stories was associated with events from Russian history, Karamzin reproduced the fate of his contemporaries. More often became central female images and ...
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- The positive tendencies of sentimental prose were also expressed in those prose works of the author of Poor Lisa, which he published in the Bulletin of Europe. The unfinished novel "Knight of Our Time", above ...
- At the end of the 18th century, the direction of sentimentalism arises in literature, for which the main thing is the inner world of a person with its simple and simple joys. “Poor Liza” is a story about the sad fate of a peasant ...
- History of Russian sentimental prose of the 18th century. significantly different from the history of prose genres of the XIX century, In the XIX century. first novels appear, and on their basis a novel is formed. Karamzin made a real coup ...
- "Melancholy. (Imitation of Delisle) ”(1800) - became programmatic for sentimentalists. It describes the state of mind in which a person can find refuge from troubles and worries caused by the contradictions of the surrounding life. It...
- An unusual feeling takes possession of the reader who has read the old story of N. Karamzin "Poor Liza". It would seem that the fate of a peasant woman, who was deceived by a rich gentleman and who committed suicide, can be trivial ... it traces exits to other emerging systems. He started...
- The story "Poor Liza" by Karamzin tells about the love of the young nobleman Erast and the peasant woman Liza. Liza lives with her mother in the vicinity of Moscow. The girl sells flowers and here she meets Erast ...
- The author argues how nice the surroundings of Moscow are, but best of all around the Gothic towers of the Sl.nov Monastery, from here you can see all of Moscow with an abundance of houses and churches, many groves and pastures on the other side, ...
The story of N. M. Karamzin "Poor Liza" was one of the first sentimental works of Russian literature of the 18th century.
Sentimentalism proclaimed predominant attention to privacy people, to their feelings, equally characteristic of people from all classes .. Karamzin tells us the story of the unhappy love of a simple peasant girl Liza and the nobleman Erast, in order to prove that "peasant women know how to love."
Lisa is the ideal of nature. She is not only “beautiful in soul and body,” but is also capable of sincerely falling in love with a person who is not quite worthy of her love. Erast, although undoubtedly surpasses his beloved in education, nobility and material condition, turns out to be spiritually smaller than her. He also has a mind and a kind heart, but is a weak and windy person. He is unable to rise above class prejudices and marry Lisa. Having lost at cards, he is forced to marry a rich widow and leave Lisa, because of which she committed suicide. However, sincere human feelings did not die in Erast and, as the author assures us, “Erast was unhappy until the end of his life. Having learned about the fate of Lizina, he could not be comforted and considered himself a murderer. "
For Karamzin, the village becomes a hotbed of natural moral purity, and the city is a source of temptations that can destroy this purity. The heroes of the writer, in full accordance with the commandments of sentimentalism, suffer almost all the time, constantly expressing their feelings with abundantly shed tears. Karamzin is not ashamed of tears and encourages readers to do the same. He describes in detail the experiences of Liza, abandoned by Erast, who left for the army, we can follow how she suffers: “From now on her days were days of longing and sorrow, which had to be hidden from her tender mother: how much more did her heart suffer! Then it was only relieved when Liza, retiring into the denseness of the forest, could freely shed tears and lament about the separation from her sweetheart. Often the sad turtledove combined her plaintive voice with her groaning. "
Lyrical digressions are characteristic of the writer; at every dramatic plot twist, we hear the author's voice: "my heart is bleeding ...", "a tear is rolling down my face." It was essential for a sentimentalist writer to appeal to social issues... He does not blame Erast for Liza's death: the young nobleman is just as unhappy as the peasant woman. It is important that Karamzin is almost the first in Russian literature who discovered “ living soul»In the representatives of the lower class. This is where the Russian tradition begins: to show sympathy for ordinary people. It can also be noted that the title of the work itself carries special symbolism, where, on the one hand, it indicates the financial situation of Lisa, and on the other hand, the well-being of her soul, which leads to philosophical reflections.
The writer turned to no less interesting tradition Russian literature - to the poetics of the speaking name. He was able to emphasize the discrepancy between external and internal in the images of the heroes of the story. Liza - meek, quiet surpasses Erast in her ability to love and live by love. She does things. requiring decisiveness and willpower, going in contradiction with the laws of morality, religious and moral norms of behavior.
The philosophy assimilated by Karamzin made Nature one of the main characters of the story. Not all heroes in the story have the right to intimate communication with the world of Nature, but only Liza and the Narrator.
In Poor Liza, NM Karamzin gave one of the first examples of a sentimental style in Russian literature, which was oriented towards the colloquial speech of the educated part of the nobility. He assumed the elegance and simplicity of the syllable, a specific selection of "euphonious" and "tasteless" words and expressions, the rhythmic organization of prose, bringing it closer to poetic speech. In the story "Poor Liza" Karamzin showed himself to be a great psychologist. He was able to masterfully reveal the inner world of his heroes, first of all, their love experiences.
Not only the author himself got along with Erast and Lisa, but also thousands of his contemporaries - readers of the story. This was facilitated by the good recognition not only of the circumstances, but also of the place of action. Karamzin quite accurately depicted in Poor Liza the surroundings of the Moscow Simonov Monastery, and the name Lizin's Pond was firmly entrenched behind the pond there. ". Moreover: some unfortunate young ladies even drowned themselves here following the example the main character story. Liza became a model, which was sought to imitate in love, however, not peasant women, but girls from the nobility and other wealthy estates. The rare name Erast became very popular in noble families. Poor Liza and sentimentalism were in keeping with the spirit of the times.
Having affirmed sentimentalism in Russian literature with his story, Karamzin made a significant step in terms of its democratization, abandoning the strict but far from real life schemes of classicism.