What schoolchildren read in literature lessons in Europe, the USA and Japan. What do schoolchildren read during literature lessons in Europe, the USA and Japan? List of school curriculum in literature
Fight and search, find and don’t give up!
Dear colleagues, dear parents, ladies and gentlemen!
We are pleased to welcome you to the pages of our website for all adults who are passionate about the Russian language, about the upbringing and education of the younger generation in a multilingual and multicultural world.
Purpose of the site We see it as unifying and providing everyone with information about the situation with teaching and learning Russian as a second native language in the world. This is a site for caring, curious, creative individuals. The site is not of one organization, but of all its authors.
The main task– information support for Russian-language educational centers both as part of their regular work and in project activities.
On the main page you will find monthly meetings with interesting people working in the field of bilingual education, and information about new products from Russian and foreign publishers on the topics of the site - for parents and teachers. Here are “last minute” announcements about competitions, seminars, projects, etc. (Theme of the month) It’s up to you to decide what the face of the site will be: send stories about your colleagues - people who are in love with our common cause; about teaching aids, without which the lesson will become boring.
Traditionally, the main result of studying literature at school is considered to be the mastery of books included in the so-called national literary canon. Whose names and works should be there? Each writer has his own lobby in academic and pedagogical circles; the same authors who during their lifetime claim to be classics can personally take part in the struggle for the right to appear in a textbook. Even the concept of a “school canon” arose - this is also a list, hierarchically organized and derived from the national literary canon. But if a large national canon is formed by the very mechanisms of culture, then the list required reading for schoolchildren it is compiled differently. Thus, the selection of a specific work for the school canon, in addition to its generally recognized artistic and cultural-historical value, is influenced by:
- the age of the reader, that is, to whom it is addressed (the school canon is divided into reading groups - academic classes);
- the clarity of the embodiment in it of literary or social phenomena that are studied at school (at the same time, average, straightforward works can be much more convenient than masterpieces);
- educational potential (how the values, ideas, even its artistic features can have a beneficial effect on the student’s consciousness).
In the USSR, the school canon strived for immutability and at the same time was constantly changing. Literature programs of different years - 1921, 1938, 1960 and 1984 - reflected all the changes taking place in the country, as well as processes in literature itself and the education system.
Attention to the student and the absence of strict regulations
War communism gradually ended and the NEP era began. The new government considered education one of the priority areas of its activity, but the crisis that began after the revolution did not allow a radical restructuring of the pre-revolutionary education system. The regulation “On the Unified Labor School of the RSFSR,” which guaranteed everyone the right to free, joint, non-class and secular education, was issued back in October 1918, and only in 1921 the first stabilized program appeared. It was made for a nine-year school, but due to the lack of money in the country for education and general devastation, education had to be reduced to seven years and divided into two stages: the third and fourth years of the second stage correspond to the last two graduating classes of the school.
Program composition
The list of books basically repeats the pre-revolutionary gymnasium programs
Number of hours
Not regulated
III year of the second stage 3rd year 2nd stage
- Oral poetry: lyrics, antiquities, fairy tales, spiritual poems
- Ancient Russian writing: “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”, “The Tale of Juliania Lazarevskaya”; stories about Ersha Ershovich, about Misfortune-Grief, about Savva Grudtsyn, about Frol Skobeev
- Mikhail Lomonosov. Lyrics
- Denis Fonvizin. "Undergrown"
- Gavrila Derzhavin. “Felitsa”, “God”, “Monument”, “Eugene. Life Zvanskaya"
- Nikolai Karamzin. " Poor Lisa", "What does the author need?"
- Vasily Zhukovsky. "Theon and Aeschines", "Camoens", "Svetlana", "The Unspeakable"
- Alexander Pushkin. Lyrics, poems, “Eugene Onegin”, “Boris Godunov”, “The Miserly Knight”, “Mozart and Salieri”, “Belkin’s Tales”
- Mikhail Lermontov. Lyrics, “Mtsyri”, “Demon”, “Hero of Our Time”, “Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov”
- Nikolay Gogol. “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka”, “Taras Bulba”, “Old World Landowners”, “The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich”, “Overcoat”, “Portrait”, “Inspector General”, “ Dead Souls»
- Alexey Koltsov, Evgeny Baratynsky, Fyodor Tyutchev, Afanasy Fet, Nikolay Nekrasov. Selected Lyric Poems
IV year of the second stage 4th year 2nd stage
- Alexander Herzen. “The Past and Thoughts” (excerpts)
- Ivan Turgenev. “Notes of a Hunter”, “Rudin”, “ Noble Nest", "On the Eve", "Fathers and Sons", "New", "Prose Poems"
- Ivan Goncharov. "Oblomov"
- Alexander Ostrovsky. “We’ll count our own people” or “Poverty is not a vice”, “Profitable place”, “Thunderstorm”, “Snow Maiden”
- Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. Fairy tales (three or four at the teacher’s choice), “Poshekhon Antiquity”
- Fedor Dostoevsky. "Poor People", "The Brothers Karamazov" or "Crime and Punishment"
- Lev Tolstoy. “Childhood”, “Adolescence”, “Youth”, “War and Peace”, “Hadji Murat”, “Confession”, “Alyosha Gorshok”
- Gleb Uspensky. “Morals of Rasteryaeva Street”, “Power of the Earth”
- Vsevolod Garshin. "Artists", "Red Flower"
- Vladimir Korolenko. “Makar’s Dream”, “The Blind Musician”, “The River Is Playing”, “The Forest is Noisy”
- Anton Chekhov. “Steppe”, “Men”, “The Cherry Orchard”
- Maksim Gorky. “Chelkash”, “Song about the Falcon”, “ Former people", "Song about the Petrel", "At the Bottom", "Mother", "Childhood"
- Leonid Andreev. “Once upon a time,” “Silence,” “Human Life”
- Konstantin Balmont, Valery Bryusov, Alexander Blok. Selected Poems
- Peasant and proletarian poets of our time
In 1921, the State Academic Council of the People's Commissariat for Education presented the first stable list after the confusion of post-revolutionary lists in the “Programs for the I and II stages of the seven-year unified labor school.” The work on creating a program in literature was led by literary critic and linguist Pavel Sakulin, and it clearly shows the ideas discussed in the pedagogical environment shortly before the revolution, in particular in 1916-1917 at the First All-Russian Congress of Russian Language Teachers and literature. Sakulin reproduced in his program many of the principles formulated at this congress: variability in teaching (four program options instead of one with four corresponding lists of works), attention to the interests and needs of not only teachers, but also students. The program was based mainly on Russian literary classics of the 19th century, while the literature of previous centuries, as well as the nascent Soviet literature, occupied a rather modest place in it.
Literature lesson at the school at the Krasny Bogatyr plant. Early 1930s Getty Images
The task of overcoming this list in its entirety was not set—for the compilers of the program, the students’ emotional perception and independent comprehension of what they read were much more important.
“Students’ attention, of course, is always fixed on the text of the works themselves. Classes are conducted using the inductive method. Let students first learn about Rudin and Lavretsky, and then about the philosophical sentiments of the Russian intelligentsia, about Slavophilism and Westernism; Let them first get used to the image of Bazarov, and then hear about the thinking realists of the sixties. Even the writer’s biography should not precede students’ direct acquaintance with the works. In a second-level school there is no opportunity to strive for an exhaustive study of historical and literary trends. If necessary, let the teacher exclude from the list proposed below certain works, even of this or that writer. Once again: non multa, sed multum “Many, but not much” is a Latin proverb meaning “many in meaning, not in quantity.”. And most importantly, in the center - yourself works of art» Programs for the I and II stages of the seven-year unified labor school. M., 1921..
Literary education, closely related to the pre-revolutionary one, could hardly suit the ideologists of the party state, in which literature, along with other types of art, should serve the propaganda of the ruling ideology. In addition, the program initially had a limited scope of distribution - both because there were few second-level schools in the country (most of the first-level graduates joined the ranks of the proletariat or peasantry), and because many regions had their own educational programs. Within a few years, it lost the power of a regulatory document, remaining a monument to Russian humanitarian and pedagogical thought.
The teacher and the textbook are the only sources of knowledge
Between the programs of 1921 and 1938 there lies the same gulf as between the revolution and the last pre-war years. Bold quests of the 1920s in the most different areas science, culture and education gradually faded away. Now the task of science, culture and education has become the construction of a super-industrial and militarized totalitarian state. As a result of the cleansing and political repression The composition of those who led changes in education and culture also changed dramatically.
Program composition
80% Russian classics, 20% Soviet literature
Number of hours
474 (since 1949 - 452)
8th grade
- Oral folk poetry(folklore)
- Russian epics
- "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
- Mikhail Lomonosov. “Ode on the day of the accession to the throne of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna”, “Conversation with Anacreon”
- Gavrila Derzhavin. "Felitsa", "Invitation to Dinner", "Monument"
- Denis Fonvizin. "Undergrown"
- Alexander Radishchev. “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” (excerpts)
- Nikolai Karamzin. "Poor Lisa"
- Vasily Zhukovsky. “Svetlana”, “Theon and Aeschines”, “The Forest King”, “Sea”, “I used to be a young muse...”
- Kondraty Ryleev. “To a temporary worker”, “Citizen”, “Oh, I’m sick of…”
- Alexander Griboyedov. "Woe from Wit"
- Alexander Pushkin. Lyrics, odes, “Gypsies”, “Eugene Onegin”
- Vissarion Belinsky. "Works of Alexander Pushkin"
- George Gordon Byron. "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" (excerpts)
- Mikhail Lermontov. Lyrics, "Hero of Our Time"
9th grade
- Nikolay Gogol. "Dead Souls", vol. 1
- Vissarion Belinsky. “The Adventures of Chichikov, or Dead Souls,” letter to Gogol, July 3, 1847
- Alexander Herzen. "Past and Thoughts"
- Ivan Goncharov. "Oblomov"
- Alexander Ostrovsky. "Storm"
- Ivan Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons"
- Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. "Messrs. Golovlevs"
- Lev Tolstoy. "Anna Karenina"
- Vladimir Lenin. “Leo Tolstoy as a mirror of the Russian revolution”, “L. N. Tolstoy and the modern labor movement", "L. N. Tolstoy and his era"
10th grade
- Anton Chekhov. "Gooseberry", "Cherry Orchard"
- Maksim Gorky. “Old Woman Izergil”, “Konovalov”, “At the Bottom”, “The Artamonov Case”
- Vladimir Lenin about Maxim Gorky
- Vyacheslav Molotov. "In memory of A. M. Gorky"
- Alexander Serafimovich. "Iron Stream"
- Alexander Fadeev. "Devastation"
- Vladimir Mayakovsky. Poems
- Songs of the peoples of the USSR
By 1923-1925, literature as a subject disappeared from the curriculum, dissolving into social studies. Now literary works were used as illustrations for the study of socio-political processes and phenomena in order to educate the younger generation in the communist spirit. However, in the second half of the 1920s, literature returned to the grid of subjects - significantly updated. For the next fifteen years, the program will be polished, adding works of Soviet literature.
By 1927, the GUS released a set of stabilized programs, that is, unchanged for the next four years. The teacher has less and less rights to replace some works with others. More and more attention is being paid to “social ideologies” - primarily revolutionary ideas and their reflection in the literature of the past and present. Half of the ninth, graduating class of the nine-year school was devoted to young Soviet literature, which had just celebrated its tenth anniversary: next to Gorky, Blok and Mayakovsky the names of Konstantin Fedin, Vladimir Lidin, Leonid Leonov, Alexander Neverov, Lydia Seifullina, Vsevolod Ivanov, Fyodor Gladkov, Alexander Malyshkin, Dmitry Furmanov, Alexander Fadeev, most of whom are known today only to the older generation and specialists. The program outlined in detail how to interpret and from what angle to consider this or that work, referring to Marxist criticism for the correct opinion.
In 1931, a draft of another stabilized program, even more ideologically verified, was prepared. However, the thirties themselves, with their upheavals and constant rush, the purge of elites and the restructuring of all the principles on which both the state and society rested, did not allow the programs to settle: during this time, as many as three generations of school textbooks were replaced. Stability came only in 1938-1939, when a program was finally prepared, which lasted without any special changes until the Khrushchev Thaw, and in its core - until today. The approval of this program was accompanied by the suppression of any attempts to experiment with the organization of the educational process: after the experiments with the introduction of the American method, which were recognized as unsuccessful, when the teacher had not so much to give new knowledge as to organize the independent activities of students in obtaining and applying it in practice, the system returned to the traditional classroom form, known since pre-revolutionary times, where the teacher and textbook are the main sources of knowledge. Consolidation of this knowledge was carried out using a textbook - the same for all students. The textbook had to be read and taken down, and the knowledge gained should be reproduced as closely as possible to the text. The program strictly regulated even the number of hours allocated to a particular topic, and this time did not involve detailed work with the text, but the acquisition, memorization and reproduction of ready-made knowledge about the text without much reflection on what was read. The most important importance in the program was attached to memorizing works of art and their fragments, the list of which was also strictly defined.
At a meeting on the teaching of literature in high school, on March 2, 1940, the famous educator and literature teacher Semyon Gurevich expressed great concerns about the new approach:
“First of all, one big problem we have in teaching literature is that teaching has become a stencil... The stencil is incredible. If you throw out the last name and start talking about Pushkin, Gogol, Goncharov, Nekrasov, etc., then they are all people’s people, they are all good and humane. The word “defacement” of literature, coined by someone, has occupied the same place in the teaching of literature as these sociological definitions occupied several years ago... If a few years ago children left school with the opinion that Nekrasov - this is a repentant nobleman, Tolstoy is a philosophizing liberal, etc., then now all writers are such amazing people, with crystalline characters, with wonderful works, who only dreamed of a social revolution.”
At the end of the 1930s, the general list of the literature course coincided by more than two-thirds with the list of 1921 According to the calculations of the German researcher Erna Malygina.. They were still based on the works of Russian classics, but the main task of these works was rethought: they were ordered to tell about the “leaden abominations of life” under tsarism and the maturation of revolutionary sentiments in society. Young Soviet literature told about what these sentiments led to and what the successes were in building a new state of workers and peasants.
Literature lesson in 5th grade. At the blackboard — future Young Guard member Oleg Koshevoy. Ukrainian SSR, Rzhishchev, January 1941 TASS photo chronicle
The selection of works was determined not only by their unconditional artistic merits, but also by their ability to fit into the logic of the Soviet concept literary development New and Contemporary times, reflecting the country’s progressive movement towards revolution, building socialism and communism. In 1934, school education became ten years and the historical and literary course took three years instead of two. The works of folklore, Russian and Soviet literature faced another important educational task - to provide examples of genuine heroism, combat or labor, which young readers could look up to.
“To show the greatness of Russian classical literature, which educated many generations of revolutionary fighters, the enormous fundamental difference and moral and political height of Soviet literature, to teach students to understand the main stages of literary development without simplification, without schematism - this is the historical and literary task of the course in grades VIII-X high school." From the secondary school literature program for grades VIII-X, 1938.
Reducing hours and expanding the list: the collapse of hopes for updating the subject
After the devastation of the war and the first post-war years, there came a time of harsh ideological pressure and campaigns: entire branches of science became objects of repression, facts were distorted for the sake of ideology (for example, the superiority of Russian science and its primacy in most branches of scientific knowledge and technology was extolled). Under these conditions, the teacher turned into a conductor of the official line in education, and the school became a place where the student was subjected to ideological pressure. Humanities education is increasingly losing its humanistic character. The death of Stalin in 1953 and the subsequent thaw were accompanied by hope for changes in the country, including in the field of education. It seemed that the school would pay attention to the student and his interests, and the teacher would receive more freedom in organizing the educational process and selection educational material.
Number of hours
429
8th grade
- "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
- Denis Fonvizin. "Undergrown"
- Alexander Radishchev. “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” (selected chapters)
- Alexander Griboyedov. "Woe from Wit"
- Alexander Pushkin. Lyrics, "Gypsies", "Eugene Onegin", " Captain's daughter»
- Mikhail Lermontov. Lyrics, "Mtsyri", "Hero of Our Time"
- Nikolay Gogol. “The Inspector General”, “Dead Souls”, vol. 1
9th grade
- Ivan Goncharov. "Oblomov" (selected chapters)
- Alexander Ostrovsky. "Storm"
- Ivan Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons"
- Nikolai Chernyshevsky. "What to do?" (selected chapters)
- Nikolay Nekrasov. Lyrics, “Who lives well in Rus'”
- Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. “The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”, “Horse”, “The Wise Minnow”
- Lev Tolstoy. "War and Peace"
- William Shakespeare. "Hamlet"
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe. "Faust", part 1
10th grade
- Maksim Gorky. “Old Woman Izergil”, “At the Bottom”, “Mother”, “V. I. Lenin" (abbreviated)
- Vladimir Mayakovsky. “Left March”, “The Satisfied”, “To Comrade Nette - the Ship and the Man”, “Poems about the Soviet Passport”, “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin”, “Good!”, introduction to the poem “At the top of my voice”
- Nikolai Ostrovsky. "As the Steel Was Tempered"
- Mikhail Sholokhov. "Virgin Soil Upturned"
- Alexander Fadeev. "Young guard"
As already mentioned, the Soviet school canon that had developed by the end of the 1930s subsequently changed little. There was still no place in it for the “dubious” Dostoevsky and Yesenin, the melodramatic “Anna Karenina” with its “family thought” was replaced by the patriotic “War and Peace” with its “people’s thought” during the war years, and the modernist the currents of the turn of the century were squeezed into six hours at the very end of the ninth grade. The tenth, graduation, class was completely devoted to Soviet literature.
Schoolgirls in the Pushkin Museum-Reserve “Boldino”. 1965 Zhiganov Nikolay / TASS Photo Chronicle
During this period, the quadriga of Russian classics was determined, imprinted on the pediments of typical five-story school buildings of the 1950s: two great poets - the Russian pre-revolutionary genius Pushkin and the Soviet Mayakovsky - and two great prose writers - the pre-revolutionary Leo Tolstoy and the Soviet Gorky At one time, instead of Tolstoy, Lomonosov was sculpted on the pediments, but his figure violated the geometric harmony of the quadrangular pyramid of the school canon, crowned by the first authors of his era (two poets - two prose writers, two pre-revolutionary - two Soviet authors).. The compilers of the program devoted especially a lot of time to the study of Pushkin: in 1938 - 25 hours, in 1949 - already 37. The rest of the classics had to have their hours cut, since they simply did not fit into the ever-expanding time, primarily due to Soviet classics, school canon.
It was possible to talk not only about updating the composition of the school canon, but also about approaches to its formation and content, as well as the principles of organizing literary education in general, only in the second half of the 1950s, when it became clear that the country has set a course for some softening of the ideological regime. A publication for teachers, the magazine “Literature at School,” published transcripts of discussions of the draft new program in literature, as well as letters from ordinary teachers, school and university methodologists and librarians. There have been proposals to study twentieth-century literature not just for one year, but for the last two years, or to include it in the course for grades 8-10. There were even brave souls who argued that War and Peace should be studied in full: according to teachers, most of their students were unable to master the text.
Literature lesson in 10th grade. A student reads a poem by Alexander Blok. Leningrad, 1980 Belinsky Yuri / TASS Photo Chronicle
However, the long-awaited program, released in 1960, was a big disappointment for everyone who was hoping for change. A larger volume had to be squeezed into an even smaller number of hours - the creators of the program suggested that teachers solve the problem themselves and somehow manage to complete everything prescribed without compromising the depth of comprehension.
Neither the study of some works in an abbreviated form nor the reduction of hours by foreign literature. In the study of literature, the principles of systematicity and historicism were proclaimed: the living literary process fit into the Leninist concept of “three stages of the revolutionary liberation movement in Russia” The periodization of the pre-revolutionary literary process in post-war programs and textbooks was based on the three stages of the revolutionary liberation movement in Russia, highlighted by Lenin in the article “In Memory of Herzen” (1912). The noble, razno-chinsky and proletarian stages in the history of literature corresponded to the first and second halves of the 19th century and the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. After this, the history of Russian literature ended, giving way to Soviet literature.. The material was still simply required to be memorized as presented by the teacher and/or textbook.
“It is necessary to warn teachers against an overly detailed analysis of a work, as well as against simplified interpretations of literary phenomena, as a result of which the study of fiction may lose its figurative and emotional essence.” From the secondary school program for 1960/61 academic year.
Educating feelings instead of ideology
After the thaw, the whole country lined up for the shortage - and not only for Yugoslav boots or domestic televisions, but also for good literature, shelves with which it became fashionable to decorate the interiors of apartments. The flourishing of the book market, including the underground, mass cinema, Soviet literary and illustrated magazines, television, and for some, became serious competition for the dull Soviet school subject “literature”, which could only be saved individual ascetics and teachers. To replace ideology in school literature the education of feelings comes: their spiritual qualities begin to be especially valued in heroes, and poetry in works.
Program composition
The list is gradually expanding, on the one hand, due to previously not recommended works of Russian classics (Dostoevsky), on the other, due to works of Soviet literature recent years, which should have been read independently followed by discussion in class
Number of hours
340
8th grade
- "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
- Jean-Baptiste Moliere. "A tradesman among the nobility"
- Alexander Griboyedov. "Woe from Wit"
- Alexander Pushkin. “To Chaadaev” (“Love, hope, quiet glory...”), “To the sea”, “I remember a wonderful moment...”, “Prophet”, “Autumn”, “On the hills of Georgia”, “I loved you...”, “Again I visited...”, “I erected a monument to myself...”, “Eugene Onegin”
- George Gordon Byron. "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" (Cantos I and II), "My Soul Is Gloomy"
- Mikhail Lermontov. “Death of a Poet”, “Poet”, “Duma”, “How often, surrounded by a motley crowd...”, “I go out alone on the road”, “Motherland”, “Hero of our time”
- Nikolay Gogol. "Dead Souls"
- Vissarion Belinsky. Literary critical activity
- Anatoly Aleksin. “Meanwhile, somewhere...”, “In the rear as in the rear”
- Chingiz Aitmatov. "Jamila", "The First Teacher"
- Vasil Bykov. " Alpine ballad", "Live Till Dawn"
- Oles Gonchar. "Man and Weapon"
- Savva Dangulov. "Trail"
- Nodar Dumbadze. "I see the sun"
- Maksud Ibragimbekov. “For everything good - death!”
- “The names are verified. Poems of soldiers who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War"
- Vadim Kozhevnikov. "Towards the Dawn"
- Maria Prilezhaeva. “An Amazing Year”, “Three Weeks of Peace”
- Johan Smuul. "Ice Book"
- Vladislav Titov. "To Spite All Deaths"
- Mikhail Dudin, Mikhail Lukonin, Sergei Orlov. Selected Poems
9th grade
- Alexander Ostrovsky. "Storm"
- Nikolai Dobrolyubov. "A ray of light in dark kingdom»
- Ivan Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons"
- Nikolai Chernyshevsky. "What to do?"
- Nikolay Nekrasov. “Poet and Citizen” (excerpt), “In Memory of Dobrolyubov”, “Elegy” (“Let changing fashion tell us...”), “Who Lives Well in Rus'”
- Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. "The Wise Minnow", " Wild landowner»
- Fedor Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment"
- Lev Tolstoy. "War and Peace"
- Anton Chekhov. “Ionych”, “The Cherry Orchard”
- William Shakespeare. Hamlet (review)
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe. "Faust": "Prologue in Heaven", scene 2 - "At the City Gate", scenes 3 and 4 - "Faust's Study", scene 12 - "Garden", scene 19 - "Night. Street in front of Gretchen's house", scene 25 - "Prison"; Faust's last monologue from Part II (review)
- Honore de Balzac. "Gobsek"
For discussions on Soviet literature
- Ales Adamovich. "Partisans"
- Sergey Antonov. "Alenka", "Rains"
- Mukhtar Auezov. "Abai"
- Vasil Bykov. "Obelisk"
- Boris Vasiliev. “And the dawns here are quiet...”
- Ion Druta. "Steppe Ballads"
- Afanasy Koptelov. “Big Beginning”, “The Flame Will Kindle”
- Vilis Latsis. "To a new shore"
- Valentin Rasputin. "French lessons"
- Robert Rozhdestvensky. "Requiem", "Letter to the 20th Century"
- Konstantin Simonov. "The Living and the Dead"
- Konstantin Fedin. “First Joys”, “An Extraordinary Summer”
- Vasily Shukshin. Selected stories
10th grade
- Maksim Gorky. “Old Woman Izergil”, “At the Bottom”, “Mother”, “V. I. Lenin"
- Alexander Blok. “Stranger”, “Factory”, “Oh, spring without end and without edge...”, “Russia”, “About valor, about exploits, about glory...”, “On the railway”, “Twelve”
- Sergey Yesenin. “Soviet Rus'”, “Letter to Mother”, “Uncomfortable liquid moonlight...”, “Bless every work, good luck!”, “To Kachalov’s dog”, “The feather grass is sleeping. Dear plain...", "I'm walking through the valley. On the back of the cap...", "The golden grove dissuaded me...", "I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry..."
- Vladimir Mayakovsky. “Left March”, “Seated”, “About rubbish”, “Black and White”, “To Comrade Netta - the ship and the man”, “Letter to Comrade Kostrov from Paris about the essence of love”, “Conversation with the financial inspector about poetry”, “Poems about the Soviet passport", "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin", "Good!", "At the top of my voice" (first introduction to the poem)
- Alexander Fadeev. "Devastation"
- Nikolai Ostrovsky. "As the Steel Was Tempered"
- Mikhail Sholokhov. "Virgin Soil Upturned", "The Fate of Man"
- Alexander Tvardovsky. “I was killed near Rzhev”, “Two forges”, “On the Angara” (from the poem “Beyond the distance - the distance”)
The number of hours allocated to literature in grades 8-10 continues to decline: in 1970 it was only 350 hours, in 1976 and for the next four decades - 340. The school curriculum is mainly replenished with works that are especially are close to conservatives: in place of Saltykov-Shchedrin’s novel “The Golovlevs,” which was too critical of the traditional way of life, in the early 1970s the program included the novel “Crime and Punishment,” which contrasts the rebellion against existing order, the idea of personal salvation. Next to the “urbanist” Mayakovsky stands the “peasant” Yesenin. The block is mainly represented by poems about the Motherland. "Mosfilm", "KinoPoisk"
Still from Sergei Solovyov’s film “ Stationmaster" 1972"Mosfilm", Kinomania.ru
Still from Vyacheslav Nikiforov’s film “The Noble Robber Vladimir Dubrovsky.” 1988"Belarusfilm", "KinoKopilka"
Still from Eldar Ryazanov’s film “ Cruel romance" 1984"Mosfilm", "KinoPoisk"
In the 1960s and 70s, films were made based on many works from the school canon, which immediately gained wide popularity: they solved problems of both non-reading and adaptation of complex or historically distant meanings classical works to their perception by the broad masses, with ideological issues shifting the emphasis to the plot, the feelings of the characters and their fate. The idea that classics is universal is becoming more and more firmly established: it seems to combine the accessibility of mass literature with the highly artistic quality of timeless masterpieces (as opposed to unrealistic works, especially “modernist” ones, addressed mainly to individual groups "aesthetes")
“Classical literature is literature that has reached the highest degree of perfection and has stood the test of time, retaining the significance of an immortal creative example for all subsequent writers.” S. M. Florinsky. Russian literature. Textbook for 8th grade of secondary school. M., 1970.
Works about the revolution, Civil War and collectivizations are reduced or scoping study(four hours on “How the Steel Was Tempered”) or extracurricular reading Concept extracurricular reading existed in gymnasiums, but in the 1930s it became regulated: it was proposed to choose from approved lists., the volume of which is increasing. But more and more works are about the Great Patriotic War: eight hours, previously allotted for studying Sholokhov’s “Virgin Soil Upturned,” are now divided between this epic and the story “The Fate of a Man.” The literature of recent decades is read at home independently, after which one of four topics is discussed in class: the October Revolution, the Great Patriotic War, the image of Lenin, the image of our contemporary in the works of modern authors. Of the 30 prose works by Soviet writers offered for discussion in grades 8-9, ten books are devoted to wartime, three to the revolution and the Civil War, five to the life and work of Lenin. Nine of the 24 writers represent the national literature of the USSR. However, the very appearance of the section “For conversations on Soviet literature” became a sign of the approach of new times in domestic education, including literary education: from a lecture followed by a survey, a lesson at least sometimes turns into a conversation; at least some variability appears in the mandatory list, albeit only in the selection of works of the current literary process. And yet, despite these concessions, literary education of the late Soviet era offered a falsified, ideologically and censorship-mangled history of Russian literature, in which there was no place for much. The authors of the 1976 program, the text of which migrated almost unchanged to the 1984 program, did not hide this:
“One of the most important tasks of the teacher is to show students what unites Soviet literature with the advanced heritage of the past, how it continues and develops the best traditions of classical literature, and at the same time to reveal the qualitatively new character of the literature of socialist realism, which is a step forward in artistic development of humanity, the class basis of its universal communist ideal, the diversity and aesthetic richness of Soviet literature.”
Tenth graders before a Russian literature lesson. Kazakh SSR, 1989 Pavsky Alexander / TASS Photo Chronicle
In just a few years, another state will emerge in place of the USSR, and in place of the bloated mandatory list, an even more voluminous advisory state, finally, again, as in the early 1920s, entrusting the teacher with the right to choose from the proposed list. names and works, taking into account the interests and level of students. But this will be the history of the post-Soviet school canon, no less dramatic, in which the parent community, the teaching community, and even the country’s top leadership will take an active part.
1 16 000
Having been relegated to the second row as unnecessary, with the advent of the “presidential” essay, literature returned to the ranks of the most important subjects in the Russian school. But parents and students are still concerned about the extent to which our education in this area can compete with foreign ones.
Let's see how and what works students of foreign schools study. We included 10 main authors in each list school curriculum.
France
Dividing into two different subjects, « French" and "French Literature" do not exist for schoolchildren. In literature lessons, young French people pay practically no attention to plots, images, or the development of characters in works. The main thing is style! And the style of authors before the 19th century is considered ideal. Schoolchildren often complete tasks to write an excerpt on a given topic in the style of Moliere (Racine, Corneille, etc.). Ancient Greek and Roman authors are seriously studied.
In the compulsory program
- Chretien de Troyes. "Lancelot".
- Jean Baptiste Moliere. "Stingy".
- Pierre Corneille. "Sid."
- Pedro Calderon. "Life is a dream."
- Victor Hugo. "Les Miserables"
- Emile Zola. "Germinal".
- Gustave Flaubert. "Madame Bovary."
- Honore de Balzac. "Human Comedy".
- Antoine de Saint-Exupery. " A little prince».
- Albert Camus. "A fall".
USA
As such, there is no single school curriculum in literature in the United States. On lessons in English read and discuss the works chosen by the teacher. The main selection criteria: the artistic value of the text, fascinating content, the ability to learn from it moral lessons. Today it is common to include more books about war, the Holocaust, US history, and democratic values in the list of works studied.
In the compulsory program
- Theodore Dreiser. "American Tragedy", "Financier".
- William Faulkner. "The Sound and the Fury"
- Robert Louis Stevenson. "Treasure Island".
- Joseph Conrad. "Heart of Darkness".
- George Orwell. "Barnyard".
- Terry Pratchett. "Flat world".
- Edith Wharton. "The Age of Innocence."
- Herman Melville. "Moby Dick".
- Daniel Keyes. "Flowers for Algernon."
- Edgar Poe. Poems and poems.
Great Britain
The British read at school what is considered to be the classics of English literature. Each class often chooses the form of studying large topics by voting. For example, "English literature XIX century" is a topic that students may want to study in the form of discussion, writing essays, individual lessons, preparing group projects and so on. Some program works are familiar to Russian graduates from childhood, and the names of many authors are one way or another well-known due to frequent mentions.
In the compulsory program
- J. Chaucer. "The Canterbury Tales".
- K. Marlowe. " Tragic story Doctor Faustus."
- D. Defoe. "Robinson Crusoe".
- J. Swift. "Gulliver's Travels", "Letters from a Clothmaker".
- S. Richardson. "Clarissa, or the Story of a Young Lady", "Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded".
- G. Fielding. "The Story of Tom Jones, Foundling."
- Charles Dickens. "The Adventures of Oliver Twist", "Dombey and Son".
- William Thackeray. "Vanity Fair".
- George Eliot. "Mill on the Floss".
- S. Coleridge. "The Old Sailor"
Germany
Different types of schools teach literature differently. In ordinary schools, they mainly teach works by German authors. There are many gymnasiums in the country with a humanitarian focus, where works from ancient authors to the most modern are studied in detail. In some educational institutions The literature course is divided according to the topics raised in the works. For example, “Law and Justice”, “Motherland and Foreign Land”, “Science and Responsibility” and others. Thus, F. Schiller’s drama “The Robbers” belongs to the topic “Law and Justice”, his “Mary Stuart” is studied in the section “The Conflict of Man and History”, and “Cunning and Love” naturally falls into the section “Love Stories”.
In the compulsory program
- Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. "Nathan the Wise."
- Friedrich Schiller. "The Robbers", "Mary Stuart", "Cunning and Love".
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe. "The Sorrows of Young Werther."
- Heinrich Heine. "Journey through the Harz."
- Thomas Mann. "Buddenbrooks", "Magic Mountain".
- Heinrich von Kleist. "Marquise d'O".
- Friedrich Durrenmatt. "The Old Lady's Visit", "Physicists".
- Amadeus Hoffman. “Little Tsakhes”, “Everyday views of the cat Murra”.
- Eduard Mörike. “The Artist Nolten”, “Mozart on the way to Prague”.
- Georg Buchner. "The Death of Danton"
Japan
In high school in Japanese schools, literature is studied in more or less detail, depending on the chosen direction; textbooks on literature are also very different - there is no single standard. Just as in Russia, Germany and Great Britain, the main attention is paid to the study of domestic literature. The greatest interest for the Japanese - including Japanese schoolchildren - are those works where one can observe and analyze the process of developing the character of the hero.
- Murasaki Shikibu. "The Tale of Genji".
- Sei-Shonagon. “Notes at the headboard.”
- Higuchi Ichiyo. "Peers".
- Yukio Mishima. "Golden Temple".
- Kobo Abe. "Woman in the Sands"
- Soseki Natsume. "Heart".
- Ryunosuke Akutagawa. "Rashomon".
- Ogai Mori. "Dancer".
- Haruki Murakami. "Sheep Hunting"
- Shiki Masaoka. Poetry.
Everyone is reading this
Of course, domestic literature always comes first. But there are works of world literature that are included in the advanced school course for high school students from almost all countries. So, the “world ten”:
- Homer. "Iliad", "Odyssey".
- William Shakespeare. "Hamlet", "Romeo and Juliet".
- Harper Lee. "To Kill a Mockingbird".
- William Golding. "Lord of the Flies".
- Charles Dickens. "Big hopes".
- Mary Shelley. "Frankenstein".
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe. "Faust".
- Franz Kafka. "Transformation."
- Lev Tolstoy. "Anna Karenina".
- Fedor Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment".
In none of the countries considered is it given of great importance the main principle by which literature is studied in high school Russian schools, - historical and artistic method: classicism, romanticism, realism, etc. Meanwhile, it is precisely this approach that is closest to the scientific view of literature - it can be considered an advantage of our education system.
It requires system theoretical knowledge. And if school teachers are forced to sacrifice literature lessons while preparing graduates for the Unified State Exam, then a good tutor can fill in the gaps and form in the student’s mind a coherent picture of the entire history of the literary process. After all, this is precisely the knowledge of the subject that will be required during entrance tests in literature at prestigious universities.
Size: px
Start showing from the page:
Transcript
1 Basic works of fiction for compulsory reading in the subject “literature” in a secondary school, grade 5 Russian literature: Russian folk tales: “The Frog Princess”, “Ivan peasant son and the miracle Yudo" Zhukovsky V. "The Sleeping Princess", "The Cup" Pushkin A. "The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights" Pogorelsky A. "The Black Chicken or underground inhabitants» Gogol N.V. “Enchanted Place” Turgenev I.S. “Mumu” by L.N. Tolstoy " Prisoner of the Caucasus» Chekhov A.P. “Surgery” Korolenko V.G. "IN bad society» Bazhov P.P. “Mistress of the Copper Mountain” Paustovsky K.G. “Warm Bread”, “Hare’s Paws” Marshak S.Ya. “Twelve months” Platonov A.P. “Nikita” Astafiev V.P. “Vasyutkino Lake” Sasha Cherny “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “Igor Robinson” Kim Yu.Ch. “Whale Fish” Legends and myths Ancient Greece(edited by N. Kuhn) Andersen G.-H. " The Snow Queen"Stevenson R.L. "Heather Honey" Gauff V. "Dwarf Nose" Defoe D. "The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe" Twain M. "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer"
2 6th grade Russian literature of the 19th century Pushkin A. “Belkin’s Tales” “Dubrovsky” Turgenev I.S. “Bezhin Meadow” (from “Notes of a Hunter”) Nekrasov N. A. “Railroad” Leskov N. S. "Lefty" Chekhov A.P. “Thick and thin” Kuprin A.I. " Wonderful doctor» Green A.S. " Scarlet Sails» Platonov A.P. “Unknown flower” Simonov K.M. “Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region” Astafiev V.P. “Horse with a pink mane” Rasputin V.G. “French Lessons” Iskander F.A. “The Thirteenth Labor of Hercules” Poetry Blok A.A. “Summer Evening”, “Oh, how crazy it is outside the window” Yesenin S.A. “Small forest. Steppe and distance" Akhmatova A.A. “There are days like this before spring” Rubtsov N.M. "Star of the Fields" Homer. “Illiad” and “Odyssey” Schiller I.F. "The Glove" Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince"
3 7th grade Russian literature of the 19th century Pushkin A. " Bronze Horseman", "Song about the prophetic Oleg" Lermontov M.Yu. "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich" Gogol N. "Taras Bulba" Turgenev I. "Biryuk", Prose poems Nekrasov N.A. "Russian women". Poems Saltykov-Shchedrin M. Fairy tales Tolstoy L. "Childhood" Chekhov A. "Chameleon", "Intruder" and other stories Russian literature of the 20th century Gorky M. "Old Woman Izergil", "Makar Chudra", "Childhood" Zoshchenko M. "Trouble" Andreev L .N. “Bite” Abramov F.A. “What are the horses crying about” Nosov E.I. “Doll” Poetry Tvardovsky A.T. “The snow will darken blue”, “At the bottom of my life” Yesenin S.A. “Swamps” yes swamps" Zabolotsky N.A. "I was brought up by harsh nature" Rubtsov N.M. "My Quiet Homeland" Robert Burns "Honest Poverty" O. Henry. "Gifts of the Magi" Ray Douglas Bradbury "Vacation"
4 8th grade From Russian literature of the 18th century Fonvizin D.I. “Minor” From Russian literature of the 19th century Krylov I.A. "Wagon train" Pushkin A. "The Captain's Daughter" Poems. Lermontov M.Yu. "Mtsyri" Gogol N. "The Inspector General", "Overcoat" Saltykov-Shchedrin M.E. “The History of a City” (excerpt) Leskov N.S. “The Old Genius” Tolstoy L. “After the Ball” Chekhov A.P. “About Love” From Russian literature of the 20th century Bunin I.A. “Caucasus” Kuprin A.I. “The Lilac Bush” Shakespeare W. “Romeo and Juliet.” Sonnets Moliere J.B. “The Bourgeois in the Nobility” Scott W. “Ivanhoe” Shelley M. “Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus” Yamamoto S. “Dialogue about a Song”
5 9th grade Russian literature "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" Lomonosov M.V. “Ode on the day of the accession of Elizabeth Petrovna 1747” Derzhavin "Monument" Karamzin N. "Poor Liza" Zhukovsky V. A. "Svetlana" Griboyedov A. "Woe from Wit" Pushkin A. "Eugene Onegin", poems by Lermontov M. "Hero of Our Time", poems by Gogol N. " Dead Souls" Dostoevsky F. M. "White Nights" Chekhov A. "Melancholy", "Bear" Bunin I.A. “Dark Alleys” and other stories Yesenin S.A. “The golden grove dissuaded”, “Letter to a woman” and other poems by M.A. Bulgakov. " dog's heart» Sholokhov M.A. “The Fate of Man” Solzhenitsyn A.I. " Matrenin Dvor» Poetry of the 20th century: Akhmatova A. Blok A. Mayakovsky V.V. Yesenin S. Tsvetaeva M. Zabolotsky N.A. Pasternak B.L. Tvardovsky A.T. Shakespeare W. Sonnets
6 10th grade Russian literature Turgenev I.S. “Notes of a Hunter”, “Inn”, novel “Fathers and Sons” Chernyshevsky N.G. "What to do?" Goncharov I.A. “Oblomov”, “Cliff” Ostrovsky A.N. “Thunderstorm” Nekrasov N.A. “Who lives well in Rus'.” Poems by Saltykov-Shchedrin M.E. “The History of a City”, “The Golovlevs”. Fairy tales Dostoevsky F.M. “Crime and Punishment” Tolstoy L.N. “War and Peace”, “Childhood”, “Adolescence”, “Youth”, Sevastopol stories Leskov N. S. “Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk” Chekhov A.P. “The Cherry Orchard”, “Ionych”, “Man in a Case”, “Gooseberry”. Stories Poetry Tyutchev F.I. Fet A.A. Nekrasov N.A. Stendhal F. “The Red and the Black” Dickens “Dombey and Son” Balzac O. “The Human Comedy” Maupassant G. “The Necklace” Bernard Shaw “Pygmalion”
7 11th grade Prose late 19th-early. 20th century Bunin I. Poems, stories: "Mr. from San Francisco", " Sunstroke", Sat. " Dark alleys" (2-Stories) Kuprin A. "Olesya", " Garnet bracelet" and others. Averchenko A. Stories (2-3) Zoshchenko M. Stories (2-3) Poetry of the "Silver" Age Balmont K. Poems of the choice of students Bryusov V. Poems of the choice of students Gumilyov N. Poems of the choice of students Literature 20 's Gorky M. "At the Depth", "Old Woman Izergil" Blok A. Cycle of poems, for example, "Poems about a Beautiful Lady", Poem "Twelve" Yesenin S. Poems from different years Mayakovsky V. Poems, poem "Cloud in pants" Literature of the 1920s Bulgakov M. "Heart of a Dog", "The Master and Margarita" Platonov A. Stories (2-3) Tsvetaeva M.I. Poems by Tolstoy A.N. "Peter I" (review study) Akhmatova A. Poem "Requiem", poems chosen by students Pasternak B. Poems from the novel "Doctor Zhivago" and others. Sholokhov M. " Quiet Don", "Don Stories" at the choice of students The Great Patriotic War in the literature of the 40s and subsequent years Nekrasov V. "In the trenches of Stalingrad" or Vorobyov K. "Killed near Moscow" Bykov V. Work at the choice of students, for example, " Sotnikov" Poems about the war Simonov K., Tikhonov N, Surkov A. and others. Literature of the years Solzhenitsyn A. "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", "Matrenin's Court" Tvardovsky A. Review of creativity. "Vasily Terkin" Rasputin V. "Live and remember", "Farewell to Matera" "Village" prose: V. Astafiev, V. Shukshin (2 stories each) Dramaturgy: Vampilov A. "The Eldest Son" Literature of the Russian Abroad: Nabokov V. Stories, for example, "Mashenka" or Shmelev N. "Summer of the Lord" Author's song: Vysotsky V., Galich A., Okudzhava B., Tsoi V., Talkov I. and others.
List of references in all areas of the final (final) essay 2016-2017 Direction Works by A.P. Chekhov, play " The Cherry Orchard"; A.S. Pushkin, story “The Captain's Daughter”, novel “Eugene Onegin”;
Summer literature list for 10th grade (basic level) Pushkin A.S. Gogol N.V. Goncharov I.A. Ostrovsky A.N. Turgenev I.S. Nekrasov N.A. Saltykov-Shchedrin M.E. Tyutchev F.I. Fet A.F. Tolstoy L.N. Dostoevsky
List of works studied in literature lessons in grades 5-11, grade 5 1. A. S. Pushkin “The Tale of the Dead Princess.” 2. C. Perrault “Sleeping Beauty”. 3. G. H. Andersen “The Snow Queen”, “The Ugly Duckling”,
5th grade - Myths of Ancient Greece (On the creation of the world, about Zeus, about Hercules) - Russian folk tales Krylov I.A. Zhukovsky V. A. Lermontov M. Yu. Gogol N.V. Nekrasov N.A. Turgenev I.S. Korolenko V.G. Tolstoy
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1. To help the applicant navigate the most difficult questions proposed in literature tests. 2. Aim at identifying skills in the ability to analyze the literary text of an epic
MINISTRY OF CULTURE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FEDERAL STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION “MOSCOW STATE INSTITUTE OF CULTURE” (MGIC) ADOPTED At the meeting
METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF THE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE Academic discipline _Literature Topics methodological developments(lectures and practical classes) 1. Lecture Introduction. The development of Russian literature and culture in the first
1. The purpose and objectives of the program implementation The purpose of studying literature as the most important academic subject in the system of complete (general) education is the development of all types of speech activity in their unity
5th grade Russian folk tales (“The Frog Princess”, “Ivan the Peasant Son and the Miracle Yudo”, “The Crane and the Heron”, “The Soldier’s Overcoat”) Riddles, ditties, sayings, songs. From ancient Russian literature. "Feat
Private educational institution higher education“Rostov Institute for Entrepreneur Protection” (RIIP) Considered and AGREED at the meeting of the department “Humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines”
Regional state budgetary educational institution of higher education "Smolensky state institute Arts" Department: Humanities and Socio-Economic Sciences ADMISSION PROGRAM
Name Type of media Fiction 1 Andreev L. Novels and stories AK 2 Astafyev V. War is thundering somewhere AK 3 Brodsky I. Favorites AK 4 Bulgakov M. The Master and Margarita AK 5 Bulgakov M.
Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov Faculty of Journalism AGREED Head of the customer organization I.O. Last name (signature) 20 (if necessary) APPROVED Head
Explanatory note in literature correspondence class The work program in literature in 0, developed in accordance with the FC GOS 004; curriculum educational organization; Approximate Secondary (Full) Program
CALENDAR AND THEMATIC PLANNING Class: 8 Subject: literature Curriculum: state educational complex: Edited by V.Ya. Korovina - M: Education, 2010 Number of hours per week: 2 Total number
HOLIDAYS 2014 ATTENTION STUDENTS AND PARENTS! We offer you a list fiction for reading in summer period: WORKS FOR SUMMER READING List of books for summer reading Grade 5 Title
EXAMINATION CARDS FOR THE STATE FINAL CERTIFICATION IN LITERATURE FOR BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OF BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION in 2019 1. “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”: plot and composition of the work.
ENTRANCE TEST PROGRAM IN LITERATURE (ORAL) FOR APPLICANTS TO THE ACTING AND DIRECTING FACULTIES (full-time, part-time study) This program is compiled on the basis of the “Mandatory Minimum”
Municipal budgetary educational institution "Shchetinovskaya secondary school" Orekhovo-Zuevsky municipal district Moscow region APPROVED School Director T.B. Zhukova Order
Books for the summer 2nd grade 1 E Uspensky “Crocodile Gena and his friends” 2 Fairy tales 3 N Nosov “The Adventure of Dunno and His Friends” 4 J Rodari “The Adventure of Cipollino” 5 Myths, legends, traditions 6 Fairy tales
Date of the lesson (number of the school week) Calendar - thematic planning Subject literature Class 8 Name of sections and topics of lessons, forms and topics of control Introduction - hours Number of hours per week Literature
Qualifying stage. Assignments for grades 10-11 Round 1 Option one Vladimir Lensky character: the poem “Mtsyri” the story “Student” the poem “Railway” the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” In which poems,
APPROVED Order of the Minister of Education of the Republic of Belarus 12/03/2018 836 Tickets for an external examination when mastering the content of the educational program of secondary education in academic
Calendar-thematic planning for literature in grade 11 for the 2008-2009 academic year. Planning is focused on working on the educational set edited by V.P. Zhuravleva. 102 hours. (basic program)
1 Abstract of the work program of the discipline “Literature” The purpose and objectives of the discipline The purpose of the discipline is to study the current state of development of literature and methods of literature as a science; familiarization with the most
List of literature for summer reading in grade 5 I. S. Turgenev “Mu-mu” L. N. Tolstoy “Prisoner of the Caucasus” A. P. Chekhov “Surgery” I. A. Kuprin “The Wonderful Doctor” A. Platonov “Nikita” P. Bazhov “Stone Flower”
List of books to read in the summer when moving to 5th grade 1. A.S. Pushkin “Ruslan and Lyudmila” 2. I. Krylov “Fables” 3. G.Kh. Andersen "The Snow Queen" 4. M. Zoshchenko, stories 5. N.V. Gogol "The Night Before Christmas"
Grades 10-11 Tour 1 Which works of Russian literature of the first half of the 20th century combine the features of realism and romanticism? What artistic effect do their authors achieve with the help of such a combination?
CALENDAR-THEMIC PLANNING FOR LITERATURE Grade 9 Dates Quantity Lesson topic Planned Actual hours date date 1 Masterpieces of Russian literature 1 06.09 2 The origins and beginning of Old Russian literature.
Municipal government educational institution of the Khanty-Mansiysk region “Secondary school in the village of Kirpichny” Appendix to the main educational program of basic general education
List of literature for 5th grade students Russian folk tales “The Frog Princess” “Ivan the Peasant Son” Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky “The Sleeping Princess” Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “The Tale of the Dead Princess”
Directions of the final essay 2015 2016 academic year 1) Time - the direction is focused on a broad understanding of time as a historical and philosophical category, perceived in the interaction of the momentary
EXAMINATION TICKETS FOR THE STATE FINAL CERTIFICATION IN LITERATURE FOR BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS Ticket 1 1. Answer the question: “What is the relevance of “The Lay of Igor’s Campaign” in our
List of literature for future fifth-graders Fairy tales: “The Frog Princess”, “Ivan the Peasant Son and the Miracle Yudo”, “The Crane and the Heron”, “The Soldier’s Overcoat”; Old Russian literature: “The feat of a youth from Kiev and
Admission to the Unified State Exam: final essay on literature 2015 Director of State Budget Educational Institution Gymnasium 1542 Sakharova Svetlana Nikolaevna “To learn to ride a bicycle, you need to ride a bicycle. To learn to write, you need
Quarter Academic week Number of hours TOPIC Test work Topics of laboratory work, workshops, experimental work and creative tasks I Introduction Literature and history. 2 Oral folk art.
LITERATURE Topics included in milestone assignments, grade 10 Topics for milestone 1, grade 10 1. A.N. Ostrovsky. "Storm". The nature of the conflict. Life and customs of the Russian merchants. 2. I.A. Goncharov. "Oblomov." Creation methods
PROGRAM for the entrance test in literature for foreign citizens entering undergraduate and specialist programs Requirements for the level of preparation of applicants Applicant
The procedure for passing general education exams, direction of preparation 52.03.05 “Theatre Studies” Russian language, literature (Unified State Examination certificates) For the above-mentioned general education subjects, the Institute accepts
Ticket 1 1. Epics as works of oral folk art. general characteristics epic The epic “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber.” Expressive reading of the passage proposed by 2. A. S. Pushkin “To Chaadaev.”
LIST OF REFERENCES FOR 5TH GRADE 1. Russian folk tales 2. I. A. Krylov “Fables” 3. A. S. Pushkin “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights” 4. V.A. Zhukovsky “The Sleeping Princess” 5. Anthony Pogorelsky
Thematic planning. Literature class. 02h. lesson The topic of the lesson. Main content Introduction. The fate of Russia in the 20th century. Main directions, themes and problems of Russian literature of the 20th century. Number of hours
Preparing for exams Problem 1. The problem of the role of books in a person Examples 1. A.S. Pushkin Evgeny Onegin F.M. Dostoevsky Crime and Mike Helprin “The Candle Was Burning” 2. The problem of the role of the book in the formation
The manual contains detailed planning of literature lessons in 7th grade educational institutions studying according to the textbook by V.Ya. Korovina. All stages of the lesson are considered: checking homework
TICKETS for translation certification in literature grade 5: Ticket 1. 1. What is folklore? Tell us about the genres of children's folklore. Give examples (by heart). 2. Prove that the work of A. Pogorelsky
Calendar-thematic planning of educational material in literature for grade 5 for the 2018-2019 academic year Correspondence education Planning is based on the literature program in grades 5-11
/ Topic of the lesson Terms of knowledge 11th grade Organization of the educational process 1 Russia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries 2 Russian literature at the turn of the century 3 Essay on the life and work of I. Bunin Know the basic facts of life and work
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE KHABAROVSK REGION Regional state budgetary Professional educational institution “Vyazemsky Forestry Technical School named after. N.V. Usenko" KGB POU VLHT APPROVED: Deputy.
Round 1 Registration test 1. “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy is a) a novel b) a poem c) a historical chronicle d) what the author wanted and could express in the form in which it was expressed 2. The action of the play by M.
Calendar-thematic planning for literature in grade 8 68 hours Planning is based on the Federal component of the state educational standard of basic general education
EXAMINATION TICKETS FOR THE STATE FINAL CERTIFICATION IN LITERATURE FOR EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OF BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION in 2018 Ticket 1 1. Concept “ Onegin stanza"(number of verses,
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FEDERAL STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION "LIPETSK STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY"
Library of State Budget Educational Institution Gymnasium 57 of St. Petersburg named after. Princess E.M. Oldenburgskaya. Electronic educational resources. p/p 23.0.2004 4 Geography. Solution ex. problems 2 23.0.2004 5 Physics. Solution ex. tasks
Summer reading list for 5th grade. "Russian folk tales". Russian Chronicle. The Tale of Bygone Years. “The feat of a youth from Kiev and the cunning of governor Pretich.” M.V. Lomonosov "Two astronomers happened"
WORKS FOR INDEPENDENT READING 5 11 CLASSES Programs of general education institutions. Literature. Edited by V.Ya. Korovina. 5-11 grades. 5th grade 1. : 2. Russian folk tales: "Vasilisa
CALENDAR-THEMIC PLANNING IN LITERATURE 9th GRADE Quantity Dates Lesson topic food Planned Actual hours date 1st date 1 Masterpieces of Russian literature 1 04.09 2 Origins and beginning of Old Russian literature.
PROPOSED LIST OF WORKS FOR WRITING A FINAL ESSAY IN 11TH GRADE for 2017-2018 1. “Loyalty and betrayal” -L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” -N. M. Karamzin “Poor Liza” - A.S. Pushkin "Captain's"
Reading list for grade 5 Oral folk art Small genres of folklore. Children's folklore (lullabies, pesters, sayings, tongue twisters, riddles) Russian folk tales. "Princess Frog",
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Smolensk State University" Entrance exam program in literature
Abstract to the work program on literature. 9th grade. This program is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for basic general education, which recognizes the priority spiritual and moral value
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation South Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) named after M.I. Platov Shakhty Institute (branch) SRSPU (NPI) named after. M.I. Platova LITERATURE Methodological
ANNOTATION TO THE WORK PROGRAM OF THE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE Specialty: 02.36.01 Veterinary Name of the discipline: BD.01 Russian language and literature Goals and objectives of the academic discipline: As a result of mastering the academic discipline
Sample list literature for grades 5-9 Astafiev V. Shepherd and shepherdess. Vasyutkino Lake Afanasyev A. Russian folk tales (after Akhmatova A. Poems by Bazhov P. Malachite Box. Copper Mountain
Olympiad for schoolchildren “Conquer the Sparrow Hills” in literature 2016/2017 The final stage Essay General criteria for evaluating work Thematic. The topic must be understood correctly and disclosed deeply and completely
Explanatory note 1. The work program in literature is based on the author's program in literature for grades 5-11. Authors V. Ya. Korovina, V. P. Zhuravlev and others / Moscow, Education, 2009. Textbook:
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FEDERAL STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION “LIPETSK STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER P.P.
RUSSIAN LITERATURE OF THE 18TH CENTURY M.V. Lomonosov “Ode on the day of the accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, 1747” (fragments).
DI. Fonvizin Comedy "Undergrown".
G.R. Derzhavin Poems: “Monument”, “The River of Times in its Aspiration...”, as well as 2 works of your choice.
A.N. Radishchev “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” (fragments).
N.M. Karamzin Tale "Poor Liza". In a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction, literature of the 18th century is studied in overview with reading fragments of the above works.
RUSSIAN LITERATURE OF THE 19TH CENTURY I.A. Krylov 5 fables to choose from.
V.A. Zhukovsky Ballad “Svetlana”, as well as 2 works of your choice.
A.S. Griboyedov Comedy “Woe from Wit” (in a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction - separate scenes).
I.A. Goncharov Article “A Million Torments”* (fragments).
A.S. Pushkin Poems: “To Chaadaev”, “Song of the prophetic Oleg”, “To the sea”, “K*” (“I remember a wonderful moment...”), “October 19” (“The forest is dropping its crimson headdress...”), “ Prophet”, “Winter Road”, “Anchar”, “On the hills of Georgia lies the darkness of the night...”, “I loved you: love still, perhaps...”, “Winter morning”, “Demons”, “Cloud”, “I He erected a monument to himself, not made by hands...”, as well as 3 poems of your choice. Poem “Poltava” (fragments) “Belkin’s Tales” (one of the optional stories). Novels: “Dubrovsky”, “The Captain’s Daughter” (in schools with native (non-Russian) language of instruction, both novels are studied in abbreviation). The novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” (in a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction - fragments). V.G. Belinsky Cycle of articles “Works of Alexander Pushkin”. Articles: 8, 9 (fragments). M.Yu. Lermontov Poems: “Sail”, “Death of the Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing field is agitated...”, “Duma”, “Poet”, “Three Palms”, “Prayer” (“In a difficult moment of life...”), “Both boring and sad”, “No, it’s not you I love so passionately...”, “Motherland”, “Prophet”, as well as 3 poems of your choice. Poems: “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov”, “Mtsyri”. The novel “A Hero of Our Time” (in a school where the native (non-Russian) language of instruction is the story “Bela”). A.V. Koltsov 3 poems of your choice. N.V. Gogol Stories: “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka” (1 story of choice), “Taras Bulba”, “The Overcoat” (in a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction, these stories are studied in abbreviation). Comedy “The Inspector General” (in a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction - separate scenes). The poem “Dead Souls” (Volume I) (in schools with native (non-Russian) language of instruction - separate chapters). A.N. Ostrovsky Comedy “Our own people - we will be numbered” (in a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction - separate scenes). I.S. Turgenev “Notes of a Hunter” (2 stories to choose from). The story "Mumu". The story "Asya"*. Novel “Fathers and Sons” (fragments). “Poems in prose” (3 poems of your choice).
F.I. Tyutchev Poems: “Spring Waters”, “There is in the original autumn...”, “Russia cannot be understood with the mind...”, as well as 3 poems of your choice.
A.A. Fet Poems: “Evening”, “This morning, this joy...”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch...”, as well as 3 poems of your choice.
A.K. Tolstoy Poems: “In the midst of a noisy ball, by chance...”, “You are my land, my native land...”. Ballad “Vasily Shibanov”, as well as 3 works of your choice. ON THE. Nekrasov
Poems: “Reflections at the Main Entrance”, “Peasant Children”, “Railroad”. 3 works of your choice*. Poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” (fragments) . N.S. Leskov Stories: “Lefty”*, “Cadet Monastery”(abbreviated). M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin Fairy tales: “The story of how one man fed two generals”, “The Wise Minnow”, as well as 1 fairy tale of your choice.
F.M. Dostoevsky Stories: “Poor People”* or “White Nights”*. Novel “Crime and Punishment” (fragments) . L.N. Tolstoy Stories: “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “After the Ball”*. Epic novel “War and Peace” (fragments) , the story "Hadji Murat". V.M. Garshin 1 story of your choice. A.P. Chekhov Stories: “Death of an Official”, “Chameleon”, “Gooseberry”, as well as 2 stories of your choice. Stories: “The Intruder”*, “The Man in the Case”*. V.G. Korolenko 1 piece of your choice. RUSSIAN LITERATURE OF THE XX CENTURY I.A. Bunin 2 stories of your choice. 2 poems of your choice. M. Gorky Story “Childhood” (fragments). “Song of the Falcon”, as well as 1 story of your choice. A.A. Block Poems: “Russia”, “Oh, I want to live madly...”, “About valor, about exploits, about glory...”, as well as 3 poems of your choice. V.V. Mayakovsky Poems: “Listen!”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “An extraordinary adventure that happened with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, as well as 3 poems of your choice. S.A. Yesenin Poems: “Go you, Rus', my dear...”, “Song of the Dog”, “The golden grove dissuaded...”, as well as 3 poems of your choice. A.A. Akhmatova Poems: “...I had a voice. He called comfortingly…”, “Courage”, “Native Land”, as well as 3 poems of your choice. M.I. Tsvetaeva Poems: “To my poems, written so early...”, “With a red brush...”, “Seven hills, like seven bells...”, “Moscow”, as well as 2 poems of your choice. O.E. Mandelstam 3 poems of your choice. B.L. Pasternak 3 poems of your choice. M.A. Bulgakov Tale “Heart of a Dog” (in a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction - fragments). MM. Zoshchenko 1 story chosen by A.P. Platonov 1 work of choice. K.G. Paustovsky1 story of choice. MM. Prishvin 1 piece of your choice. ON THE. Zabolotsky 3 poems of your choice. A.T. Tvardovsky Poem “Vasily Terkin” (chapters). M.A. Sholokhov Story “The Fate of a Man” (in a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction - fragments). LITERATURE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY F.A.Abramov, Ch.T.Aitmatov, V.P.Astafiev, V.I.Belov, A.A.Voznesensky, E.A.Evtushenko, F.A.Iskander, Yu.P .Kazakov, V.L.Kondratiev, E.I.Nosov, B.Sh.Okudzhava, V.G.Rasputin, N.M.Rubtsov A.I.Solzhenitsyn, V.F.Tendryakov, V.T.Shalamov, V.M.Shukshin. 4 works of your choice. LITERATURE OF THE PEOPLES OF RUSSIA Heroic epic of the peoples of Russia: “Geser”, “Dzhangar”, “Kalevala”, “Maadai-Kara”, “Möge Bayan-Toolai”, “Narty”, “Olonkho”, “Ural-batyr” (1 work according to selection in fragments). R. Gamzatov, M. Karim, G. Tukay, Y. Rytkheu, K. Khetagurov (1 piece of choice). FOREIGN LITERATURE Homer “Odyssey” (fragments). Antique lyrics 2 poems of your choice. O. Khayyam Cycle “Rubaiyat” (3 rubai of your choice). Dante's "Divine Comedy" (fragments). M. Cervantes Roman “Don Quixote” (fragments). W. Shakespeare Tragedies: “Romeo and Juliet” (at a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction - fragments) or “Hamlet” (at a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction - fragments). 2 sonnets of your choice.
J.-B. Moliere Comedy “The Bourgeois in the Nobility” (at a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction - fragments). I.-V. Goethe "Faust" (fragments). F. Schiller 1 piece of your choice. J. G. Byron 1 piece of choice. H.K. Andersen 1 fairy tale of choice. P.-J. Beranger, R. Burns, R. Bradbury, J. Verne, G. Heine, V. Hugo, D. Defoe, A.K. Doyle, R. Kipling, A. Lindgren, M. Reed, L. Carroll, F. Cooper, D. London, S. Perrot, J. Rodari, J. Swift, A. Saint-Exu-Pery, J. Salinger, W. Scott, R. L. Stevenson, M. Twain, G. Wells. 2 works of your choice.
RUSSIAN LITERATURE OF THE 19TH CENTURY A.S. Pushkin Poems: “Liberty”, “The daylight has gone out...”, “I have outlived my desires...”, “Demon”, “Desert sower of freedom...”, “Conversation between a bookseller and a poet”, “Imitations of the Koran” (III, V, IX ), “If life deceives you...”, “Am I wandering along the noisy streets...”, “To the Poet”, “Elegy” (“Crazy years of faded fun...”), “Autumn”, “It’s time, my friend, it’s time! the heart asks for peace...", "...Once again I visited...", "Desert Fathers and blameless wives...", "From Pindemonti", as well as 4 poems of your choice. The poem “The Bronze Horseman” The story “The Queen of Spades”. "Little Tragedies" (Mozart and Solebury). The tragedy “Boris Godunov” (in a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction - review with analysis of fragments). F.M. Dostoevsky, essay “Pushkin”. Poets of Pushkin's time K.N. Batyushkov, E.A. Baratynsky, A.A. Dahlweg, D.V. Davydov. 4 poems of your choice. M.Yu. Lermontov Poems: “K*” (“I will not humiliate myself before you...”), “Prayer” (“I, the Mother of God, now with prayer...”), “How often, surrounded by a motley crowd...”, “There are speeches - meaning ...”, “Gratitude”, “Testament” (“Alone with you, brother ...”), “Valerik”, “Dream” (In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan ...), “I go out alone on the road ...”, and also 4 poems of your choice. Poem “Demon” by N.V. Gogol Stories: “Portrait”, “Nevsky Prospekt”. A.N. Ostrovsky Plays: “The Thunderstorm”, “Forest”. ON THE. Dobrolyubov, “A Ray of Light in the Dark Kingdom” (fragments). A.A. Grigoriev, “After Ostrovsky’s “The Thunderstorm”. Letters to I.S. Turgenev" (fragments). I.A. Goncharov Essay “Frigate “Pallada”” (fragments). The novel “Oblomov” by N.A. Dobrolyubov “What is Oblomovism?” (fragments). A.V. Druzhinin “Oblomov”, Goncharov’s novel” (fragments). I.S. Turgenev Roman “Fathers and Sons” D.I. Pisarev “Bazarov” (fragments). F.I. Tyutchev Poems: “Noon”, “Silentium!”, “Cicero”, “Autumn Evening”, “Not what you think, nature...”, “Grey shadows mixed...”, “Day and Night”, “Human Tears, oh human tears...", "Oh, how murderously we love...", " last love", "These poor villages...", "We cannot predict...", "Nature is a sphinx. And the more true it is...", "K. B." (“I met you - and all the past ...”), as well as 4 poems of your choice. A.A. Fet Poems: “The cat sings, squinting his eyes...”, “With a wavy cloud...”, “Whisper, timid breathing...”, “Pine trees”, “It’s still a May night...”, “The dawn bids farewell to the earth...”, “The night shone. The garden was full of moonlight. They were lying...", "Another forgettable word...", "How poor our language is! “I want and I can’t…”, “With one push I can drive away a living boat…”, “On a swing”, as well as 4 poems of your choice. A.K. Tolstoy Poems: “Me, in the darkness and in the dust...”, “If you love, so without reason...”, “Do not believe me, friend, when, in an excess of grief...”, “Two camps are not a fighter, but only a random guest... ", "A tear trembles in your jealous gaze...", "Against the tide", "I bless you, forests..." (from the poem "John of Damascus"), "History of the Russian State from Gostomysl to Timashev", as well as 4 works of your choice. ON THE. Nekrasov Poems: “On the Road”, “Modern Ode”, “Troika”, “Am I Driving Down a Dark Street at Night...”, “You and I are stupid people...”, “Celebration of life - years of youth...”, “Forgotten Village”, “The Poet and the Citizen”, “Under the Cruel Hand of Man...” (“About the Weather”), “I Will Die Soon. A pitiful inheritance...", "Elegy" ("Let changing fashion tell us..."), "To the Sowers", "O Muse! I’m at the door of the tomb…”, as well as 4 poems of your choice. The poem “Who lives well in Rus'” (in a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction - review with analysis of fragments). N.G. Chernyshevsky's novel “What to do?” (review). N.S. Leskov The story “The Enchanted Wanderer” or the story “Odnodum”. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “The History of a City” F.M. Dostoevsky Novel “Crime and Punishment” N.N. Strakhov, Essay on “Crime and Punishment” (fragments). L.N. Tolstoy's epic novel “War and Peace” by A.P. Chekhov Stories: “Jumping”, “Ward No. 6”, “Student”, “House with a Mezzanine”, “Ionych”, “Darling”, “Lady with a Dog”, as well as 2 stories of your choice. Play "The Cherry Orchard". RUSSIAN LITERATURE OF THE XX CENTURY I.A. Bunin Stories: “Antonov Apples”, “Mr. from San Francisco”, “Dark Alleys” (story), “ Clean Monday", as well as 2 stories of your choice. A.I. Kuprin The story “Garnet Bracelet”, as well as 1 work of your choice. L.N. Andreev 1 piece of your choice. M. Gorky Story “Old Woman Izergil”. The play "At the Bottom". Poetry of the late XIX–early XX centuries. I.F. Annensky, K.D. Balmont, V.Ya. Bryusov, Z.N. Gippius, A. Bely, N.S. Gumilev, N.A. Klyuev, V.V. Khlebnikov, I. Severyanin. Poems by 4 poets to choose from. A.A. Block of Poems: “I have a feeling about you. Years pass by...", "I enter dark temples...", "We met you at sunset...", "A girl sang in the church choir...", "Stranger", "Night, street, lantern, pharmacy...", " Factory”, “She came from the cold...”, “When you stand in my way...”, cycle “On the Kulikovo Field”, “In a restaurant”, “Artist”, “Oh, I want to live like crazy...”, “Before the trial ", "On the Railroad", "Scythians", as well as 4 poems of your choice. Poems: “The Nightingale Garden”, “The Twelve”. V.V. Mayakovsky Poems: “Could you?”, “Here!”, “The violin and a little nervously”, “Lilichka!”, “About rubbish”, “Sessed over”, “Letter to Comrade Kostrov from Paris about the essence of love”, “Anniversary ", "Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva", as well as 4 poems of your choice. Poems: “Cloud in Pants”, “Love”. The first introduction to the poem “At the top of my voice.” The play "The Bedbug". S.A. Yesenin Poems: “The Lord went to torture people in love...”, “Rus”, “Sorokoust” (“Did you see...”), “Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes...”, “I remember, beloved, I remember...” , “The road was thinking about the red evening...”, “Letter to mother”, “Soviet Rus'”, “Now we are leaving little by little...”, “You are my Shagane, Shagane...”, “In the Caucasus”, “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t I’m crying...", "Letter to a woman", "The feather grass is sleeping. Dear plain...”, “Bless every work, good luck...”, as well as 4 poems of your choice. Poem "Anna Snegina". M.I. Tsvetaeva Poems: “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in the hand...”), “Poems grow like stars and like roses...”, “I am happy to live exemplary and simple...”, “Who is created from stone, who is created made of clay...", cycle "Apprentice", "Frivolity is a sweet sin...", "Mayakovsky" ("Soviet nobles..."), "I conjure you from gold...", "Don" (" White Guard , your path is high..."), "Longing for the homeland! A long time ago...", as well as 4 poems of your choice. O.E. Mandelstam Poems: “A body has been given to me - what should I do with it ...”, “Inexpressible sadness ...”, “Notre Dame”, “I don’t know since when ...”, “Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails...”, “I hate the light...”, “Oh, how we love to be hypocrites...”, “Don’t ask: you know...”, “Your image, painful and unsteady...”, “For the explosive valor of the coming centuries...”, “Century”, “I returned to my city, familiar to tears...”, as well as 4 poems of your choice. A.A. Akhmatova Poems: “Song of the Last Meeting”, “Clenched her hands under a dark veil...”, “The Gray-Eyed King”, “Confusion”, “Love”, “Twenty-first. Night. Monday...", "I learned to live simply, wisely...", "I don't need odic armies...", "We have freshness of words and feelings of simplicity...", "Seaside Sonnet", "Prayer", "Muse", and also 4 poems of your choice. Poems: “Poem without a Hero”, “Requiem”. B.L. Pasternak Poems: “February. Get some ink and cry!..”, “About these poems”, “Being famous is ugly...”, “Definition of poetry”, “When things get going”, “I want to achieve everything...”, “Hamlet”, “Miracle”, “ August”, “Garden of Gethsemane”, “Night”, “Only Days”, as well as 4 poems of your choice. M.A. Bulgakov Novels: “The White Guard” or “The Master and Margarita”. I.E. Babel 2 stories of your choice. A.A. Fadeev Roman “Destruction” A.P. Platonov's Tale "The Hidden Man". M.A. Sholokhov Novel-epic “Quiet Don” V.V. Nabokov 1 work of choice. ON THE. Zabolotsky Poems: “The signs of the Zodiac are fading…”, “Testament”, “Reading poetry”, “On the beauty of human faces”, “September”, as well as 3 poems of your choice. A.T. Tvardovsky Poems: “I was killed near Rzhev...”, “The whole essence is in one single covenant...”, “In memory of the mother”, “I know: it’s not my fault...”, “To the bitter grievances of one’s own person...”, as well as 4 poems optionally. A.I. Solzhenitsyn's story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", the story "Matrenin's Dvor". Prose of the second half of the 20th century by F.A. Abramov, Ch.T. Aitmatov, V.P. Astafiev, V.I. Belov, A.G. Bitov, V.V. Bykov, V.S. Grossman, V.L. Kondratyev, V.P. Nekrasov, E.I.Nosov, V.G. Rasputin, V.F. Tendryakov, Yu.V. Trifonov, V.T.Shalamov, V.M.Shukshin. 4 works of choice; one of them is on the theme of the Great Patriotic War. Poetry of the second half of the 20th century B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, A.A. Tarkovsky. Poems by 4 poets to choose from. Dramaturgy of the 20th century A.N. Arbuzov, A. V. Vampilov, A.M. Volodin, V.S. Rozov, M.M. Roshchin, E.L. Schwartz. 2 works of your choice.
LITERATURE OF THE PEOPLES OF RUSSIA G. Aigi. Poems. R. Gamzatov. The book “My Dagestan”, the legend “The Return of Hadji Murad”, the poem “Mountain Woman”. M. Jalil. The cycle of poems “Moabit Notebook”. M. Karim. Poems of your choice; tragedy "Don't throw fire, Prometheus." D. Kugultinov. Poems. K. Kuliev. Poems. Yu. Rytkheu. Novel “A Dream at the Beginning of the Fog” (the legend of the white Female Progenitor). G. Tukay. Poems of your choice. Poem "Shurale". K. Khetagurov. Poems. Poem "Fatima". Yu. Shestalov. Pagan poem. Two works of your choice. FOREIGN LITERATURE G. Apollinaire, O. Balzac, G. Böll, C. Baudelaire, P. Verlaine, O. Henry, G. Hesse, W. Golding, E. T. A. Hoffmann, V. Hugo, C. Dickens, G. Ibsen, A. Camus, F. Kafka, T. Mann, G. Marquez, P. Merimee, M. Maeterlinck, G. Maupassant, D. Orwell, E. A. Poe, E. M. Remarque, A. Rimbaud, J. Salinger, O. Wilde, G. Flaubert, W. Faulkner, A. France, E. Hemingway, B. Shaw, W. Eco. 3 works of your choice.
- What documents should an individual entrepreneur have?
- Accounting for individual entrepreneurs - rules and features of independent reporting under different tax regimes Primary documentation for individual entrepreneurs
- Accounting for individual entrepreneurs: features of accounting in individual entrepreneurs?
- How to privatize an apartment, everything about privatization List of documents for privatization of an apartment