Kuprin's biography is the most important and interesting. Russian writer Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin: life and work, interesting facts
Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich (1870 - 1938)
“We must be grateful to Kuprin for everything - for his deep humanity, for his subtle talent, for his love for his country, for his unshakable faith in the happiness of his people and, finally, for the ability that never died in him to light up from the most insignificant contact with poetry and free and leHow to write about this."
K. G. Paustovsky
Kuprin Alexander Ivanovichwas bornOn September 7, in the city of Narovchat, Penza province, in the family of a minor official who died a year after the birth of his son. After the death of her husband, his mother (from the ancient family of Tatar princes Kulanchakov) moved to Moscow, where the future writer spent his childhood and youth. At the age of six, the boy was sent to the Moscow Razumovsky boarding school (orphanage), from where he left in 1880. The same year he entered the Moscow Military Academy, transformed into the Cadet Corps, p.After graduating, he continued his military education at the Alexander Junker School (1888 - 90). “Military youth” is described in the stories “At the Turning Point (Cadets)” and in the novel “Junkers”. Even then he dreamed of becoming “a poet or novelist.”Kuprin's first literary experience was the remaining unpublished poems. FirstThe story "The Last Debut" was published in 1889.
In 1890, after graduating from military school, Kuprin, with the rank of second lieutenant, was enlisted in an infantry regiment stationed in the Podolsk province. The life of an officer, which he led for four years, provided rich material for his future works. In 1893 - 1894, his story "In the Dark" and short stories "Russian Wealth" were published in the St. Petersburg magazine "Russian Wealth". Moonlit night" and "Inquiry". A series of stories are devoted to the life of the Russian army: "Overnight" (1897), "Night Shift" (1899), "Hike". In 1894, Kuprin retired and moved to Kyiv, without any civilian profession and having a small life experience. He wandered around Russia a lot, tried many professions, greedily absorbed life impressions, which formed the basis for future works.
In the 1890s, he published the essay "Yuzovsky Plant" and the story "Moloch", the stories "Wilderness", "Werewolf", the stories "Olesya" and "Kat" ("Army Ensign").During these years, Kuprin met Bunin, Chekhov and Gorky. In 1901 he moved to St. Petersburg, began working as a secretary of the “Magazine for Everyone,” married M. Davydova, and had a daughter, Lydia.
Kuprin's stories appeared in St. Petersburg magazines: "Swamp" (1902); "Horse Thieves" (1903); "White Poodle" (1904). In 1905, his most significant work was published - the story "The Duel", which was a great success. The writer’s performances reading individual chapters of “The Duel” became an event in the cultural life of the capital. His works of this time were very well-behaved: the essay “Events in Sevastopol” (1905), the stories “Staff Captain Rybnikov” (1906), “River of Life”, “Gambrinus” (1907). In 1907, he married his second wife, sister of mercy E. Heinrich, and had a daughter, Ksenia.
Kuprin's work in the years between the two revolutions resisted the decadent mood of those years: the cycle of essays "Listrigons" (1907 - 11), stories about animals, the stories "Shulamith", "Garnet Bracelet" (1911). His prose became a notable phenomenon of Russian literature at the beginning of the century.
After October revolution The writer did not accept the policy of military communism, the “Red Terror”; he feared for the fate of Russian culture. In 1918 he came to Lenin with a proposal to publish a newspaper for the village - "Earth". At one time he worked at the World Literature publishing house, founded by Gorky.
In the fall of 1919, while in Gatchina, cut off from Petrograd by Yudenich's troops, he emigrated abroad. The seventeen years that the writer spent in Paris were an unproductive period. Constant material need and homesickness led him to the decision to return to Russia.
In the spring of 1937, the seriously ill Kuprin returned to his homeland, warmly received by his admirers. Published the essay "Native Moscow". However, the new creative plans were not destined to come true.
It is quite difficult and at the same time easy to write about Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin. It’s easy because I’ve known his works since childhood. And who among us doesn’t know them? A capricious, sick girl who demands an elephant to visit her, wonderful doctor, who fed two frozen boys on a cold night and saved an entire family from death; a knight immortally in love with a princess from the fairy tale “Blue Star”...
Or the poodle Artaud, performing incredible cubrets in the air, to the sonorous commands of the boy Seryozha; cat Yu-yu, gracefully sleeping under the newspaper. How memorable, from childhood and from childhood itself, all this, with what skill, how concisely - easily written! As if on the fly! Childlike - direct, lively, bright. And even in tragic moments, bright notes of love of life and hope are heard in these simple-minded stories.
Something childish, surprised, always, almost until the very end, until death, lived in this large and overweight man with clearly defined oriental cheekbones and a slightly cunning squinting of his eyes.
Svetlana Makorenko
On September 6 and 7, the XXVIII Kuprin Literary Festival and summing up the results of the XII creative competition will be held in Penza and Narovchat. Garnet bracelet».
COMMANDMENTSKUPRINA
"1. If you want to depict something... first imagine it absolutely clearly: color, smell, taste, position of a figure, facial expression... Find figurative, unworn words, best of all unexpected ones. Give a juicy perception of what you have seen, and if you don’t know how to see for yourself, put down your pen...
6. Don't be afraid of old stories, but approach them in a completely new, unexpected way. Show people and things in your own way, you are a writer. Don’t be afraid of your real self, be sincere, don’t invent anything, but present it as you hear and see.
9. Know what you actually want to say, what you love and what you hate. Bring the plot to yourself, get used to it... Go and look, get used to it, listen, take part yourself. Never write from your head.
10. Work! Don’t be sorry to cross out, work hard. Be careful with your writing, criticize mercilessly, do not read unfinished work to friends, be afraid of their praise, do not consult with anyone. And most importantly, work while living... I’ve stopped worrying, pick up my pen and then again don’t give yourself rest until you achieve what you need. Achieve persistently, mercilessly.”
The “Commandments,” according to V.N. Afanasyev, were expressed by Kuprin during a meeting with one young author, and years later, reproduced by this author in the “Women’s Journal” for 1927.
But, perhaps, the main commandment Kuprin left to his descendants is love for life, for what is interesting and beautiful in it: for sunsets and sunrises, for the smells of meadow grass and forest prairie, for a child and an old man, for a horse and a dog. , to pure feeling and good joke, to birch forests and pine groves, to birds and fish, to snow, rain and hurricanes, to the ringing of bells and balloon, to freedom from attachment to perishable treasures. And complete rejection of everything that disfigures and stains a person.
The work of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin was formed during the years of revolutionary upsurge. All his life he was close to the theme of the epiphany of a simple Russian man who greedily sought the truth of life. Kuprin devoted all his creativity to the development of this complex psychological theme. His art, as his contemporaries put it, was characterized by a special vigilance in seeing the world, concreteness, and a constant desire for knowledge. The educational pathos of Kuprin's creativity was combined with a passionate personal interest in the victory of good over all evil. Therefore, most of his works are characterized by dynamics, drama, and excitement.
Kuprin's biography is like an adventure novel. In terms of the abundance of meetings with people and life observations, it was reminiscent of Gorky’s biography. Kuprin traveled a lot, did a variety of work: he served at a factory, worked as a loader, played on stage, sang in a church choir.
At an early stage of his work, Kuprin was strongly influenced by Dostoevsky. It manifested itself in the stories “In the Dark,” “On a Moonlit Night,” and “Madness.” He writes about fateful moments, the role of chance in a person’s life, and analyzes the psychology of human passions. Some stories of that period say that the human will is helpless in the face of natural chance, that the mind cannot comprehend the mysterious laws that govern man. A decisive role in overcoming literary cliches coming from Dostoevsky was played by direct acquaintance with the lives of people, with the real Russian reality.
He starts writing essays. Their peculiarity is that the writer usually had a leisurely conversation with the reader. They clearly showed clear storylines, a simple and detailed depiction of reality. The greatest influence on Kuprin the essayist was G. Uspensky.
Kuprin's first creative quests culminated in the largest thing that reflected reality. It was the story “Moloch”. In it, the writer shows the contradictions between capital and forced human labor. He was able to grasp social characteristics the latest forms capitalist production. An angry protest against the monstrous violence against man, on which the industrial flourishing in the world of “Moloch” is based, a satirical demonstration of the new masters of life, an exposure of the shameless predation in the country of foreign capital - all this cast doubt on the theories of bourgeois progress. After essays and short stories, the story was an important stage in the writer’s work.
In search of moral and spiritual ideals of life, which the writer contrasted with the ugliness of modern human relations, Kuprin turns to the lives of vagabonds, beggars, drunken artists, starving unrecognized artists, and children of the poor urban population. This is a world of nameless people who form the mass of society. Among them, Kuprin tried to find his goodies. He writes the stories “Lidochka”, “Lokon”, “ Kindergarten”, “At the Circus” - in these works Kuprin’s heroes are free from the influence of bourgeois civilization.
In 1898, Kuprin wrote the story “Olesya”. The plot of the story is traditional: an intellectual, an ordinary and urban person, in a remote corner of Polesie meets a girl who grew up outside of society and civilization. Olesya is distinguished by spontaneity, integrity of nature, and spiritual richness. Poetizing life unconstrained by modern social cultural frameworks. Kuprin sought to show the clear advantages of the “natural man,” in whom he saw spiritual qualities lost in civilized society.
In 1901, Kuprin came to St. Petersburg, where he became close to many writers. During this period his story “Night Shift” appears, where main character- a simple soldier. The hero is not an aloof person, not the forest Olesya, but a completely a real man. From the image of this soldier, threads stretch to other heroes. It was at this time that a new genre appeared in his work: the short story.
In 1902, Kuprin conceived the story “The Duel.” In this work, he undermined one of the main pillars of the autocracy - the military caste, in the features of the decomposition and moral decline of which he showed signs of the decomposition of the entire social system. The story reflects the progressive sides of Kuprin’s work. The basis of the plot is the fate of an honest Russian officer, whom the conditions of army barracks life made him feel the illegality of people's social relations. Once again, Kuprin is not talking about an outstanding personality, but about a simple Russian officer Romashov. The regimental atmosphere torments him; he does not want to be in the army garrison. He became disillusioned with military service. He begins to fight for himself and his love. And the death of Romashov is a protest against the social and moral inhumanity of the environment.
With the onset of reaction and exacerbation public life Kuprin’s creative concepts are also changing in society. During these years, his interest in the world of ancient legends, history, and antiquity intensified. An interesting fusion of poetry and prose, the real and the legendary, the real and the romance of feelings arises in creativity. Kuprin gravitates toward the exotic and develops fantastic plots. He returns to the themes of his earlier novella. The motives of the inevitability of chance in a person’s fate are heard again.
In 1909, the story “The Pit” was published from the pen of Kuprin. Here Kuprin pays tribute to naturalism. It shows the inmates of a brothel. The whole story consists of scenes, portraits and clearly breaks down into individual details of everyday life.
However, in a number of stories written in the same years, Kuprin tried to point out real signs of high spiritual and moral values in reality. “Garnet Bracelet” is a story about love. This is what Paustovsky said about it: this is one of the most “fragrant” stories about love.
In 1919, Kuprin emigrated. In exile, he writes the novel “Zhanette”. This work is about the tragic loneliness of a person who has lost his homeland. This is a story about the touching affection of an old professor, who found himself in exile, for a little Parisian girl - the daughter of a street newspaper girl.
Kuprin's emigrant period is characterized by withdrawal into himself. A major autobiographical work of that period is the novel “Junker”.
In exile, the writer Kuprin did not lose faith in the future of his Motherland. At the end life path he still returns to Russia. And his work rightfully belongs to Russian art, the Russian people.
Military career
He was born into the family of a minor official who died when his son was in his second year. The mother, from a Tatar princely family, became poor after the death of her husband and was forced to send her son to an orphan school for minors (1876), then a military gymnasium, later transformed into a cadet corps, which he graduated from in 1888. In 1890 he graduated from the Alexander Military School. Then he served in the 46th Dnieper Infantry Regiment, preparing for a military career. Without entering the Academy of the General Staff (this was prevented by a scandal associated with the violent, especially drunk, temper of a cadet who threw a policeman into the water), Lieutenant Kuprin resigned in 1894.
Life style
Kuprin was an extremely colorful figure. Greedy for impressions, he led a wandering lifestyle, trying different professions - from a loader to a dentist. Autobiographical life material formed the basis of many of his works.
There were legends about his turbulent life. Possessing remarkable physical strength and an explosive temperament, Kuprin greedily rushed towards any new life experience: he went underwater in a diving suit, flew in an airplane (this flight ended in a disaster that almost cost Kuprin his life), organized an athletic society... During the First World War During the war, he and his wife set up a private hospital in his Gatchina house.
The writer was interested in people of various professions: engineers, organ grinders, fishermen, card sharpers, beggars, monks, businessmen, spies... In order to get to know the person he was interested in more reliably, to feel the air he breathed, he was ready, without sparing himself, to go into the most unimaginable adventure. According to his contemporaries, he approached life as a real researcher, seeking the most complete and detailed knowledge possible.
Kuprin also willingly practiced journalism, publishing articles and reports in various newspapers, and traveled a lot, living in Moscow, near Ryazan, in Balaklava, and in Gatchina.
Writer and revolution
Dissatisfaction with the existing social order attracted the writer to revolution, so Kuprin, like many other writers, his contemporaries, paid tribute to revolutionary sentiments. However, he reacted sharply negatively to the Bolshevik revolution and the power of the Bolsheviks. At first, he still tried to cooperate with the Bolshevik authorities and even intended to publish the peasant newspaper “Earth,” for which he met with Lenin.
But soon he unexpectedly went over to the side of the White movement, and after its defeat he left first for Finland and then for France, where he settled in Paris (until 1937). There he actively participated in the anti-Bolshevik press and continued his literary activities (novels “The Wheel of Time”, 1929; “Junker”, 1928-32; “Zhaneta”, 1932-33; articles and stories). But living in exile, the writer was terribly poor, suffering both from lack of demand and isolation from his native soil, and shortly before his death, believing Soviet propaganda, in May 1937 he returned with his wife to Russia. By this time he was already seriously ill.
Sympathy to the common man
Almost all of Kuprin’s work is imbued with the traditional Russian literature pathos of sympathy for the “little” person, doomed to drag out a miserable fate in an inert, wretched environment. In Kuprin, this sympathy was expressed not only in the depiction of the “bottom” of society (the novel about the life of prostitutes “The Pit”, 1909-15, etc.), but also in the images of his intelligent, suffering heroes. Kuprin was inclined precisely to such reflective, nervous to the point of hysteria, characters not devoid of sentimentality. Engineer Bobrov (story “Moloch”, 1896), endowed with a trembling soul, responsive to the pain of others, worries about the workers wasting their lives in back-breaking factory work, while the rich are fattening on ill-gotten money. Even characters from a military environment like Romashov or Nazansky (the story “The Duel”, 1905) have a very high pain threshold and a small reserve of mental strength to withstand the vulgarity and cynicism of their environment. Romashov is tormented by the stupidity of military service, the depravity of the officers, and the downtroddenness of the soldiers. Perhaps none of the writers made such a passionate accusation against the army environment as Kuprin. True, in the image ordinary people Kuprin differed from the populist-oriented writers inclined to people-worship (although he received the approval of the venerable populist critic N. Mikhailovsky). His democracy was not limited to a tearful demonstration of their “humiliation and insult.” Kuprin’s simple man turned out to be not only weak, but also capable of standing up for himself, possessing an enviable inner strength. Folk life appeared in his works in its free, spontaneous, natural flow, with its own circle of ordinary worries - not only sorrows, but also joys and consolations (“Listrigons”, 1908-11).
At the same time, the writer saw not only its bright sides and healthy beginnings, but also outbursts of aggressiveness and cruelty, easily guided by dark instincts (the famous description of the Jewish pogrom in the story “Gambrinus”, 1907).
The Joy of Being In many of Kuprin’s works, the presence of an ideal, romantic principle is clearly felt: it is both in his craving for heroic plots and in his desire to see the highest manifestations of the human spirit - in love, creativity, kindness... It is no coincidence that he often chose heroes who were outliers, breaking out of the usual rut of life, seeking the truth and seeking some other, more complete and living being, freedom, beauty, grace... and who in the literature of that time, wrote so poetically, like Kuprin, about love, tried to restore its humanity and romance. “The Garnet Bracelet” (1911) has become for many readers just such a work, where a pure, unselfish, ideal feeling is glorified.
A brilliant portrayer of the morals of various strata of society, Kuprin vividly, with particular attention, described the environment and everyday life (for which he received criticism more than once). There was also a naturalistic tendency in his work.
At the same time, the writer, like no one else, knew how to feel from the inside the flow of natural, natural life - his stories “Barbos and Zhulka” (1897), “Emerald” (1907) were included in the golden fund of works about animals. The ideal of natural life (the story “Olesya”, 1898) is very important for Kuprin as a kind of desirable norm; he often highlights it modern life, finding in it sad deviations from this ideal.
For many critics, it was precisely this natural, organic perception of Kuprin’s life, the healthy joy of being, that was the main distinguishing quality of his prose with its harmonious fusion of lyricism and romance, plot-compositional proportionality, dramatic action and accuracy in descriptions.
Literary mastery Kuprin is an excellent master not only of literary landscape and everything related to the external, visual and olfactory perception of life (Bunin and Kuprin competed to see who could more accurately determine the smell of a particular phenomenon), but also literary character: portrait, psychology, speech - everything is worked out to the smallest nuances. Even the animals that Kuprin loved to write about reveal complexity and depth in him.
The narration in Kuprin’s works, as a rule, is very spectacular and is often addressed - unobtrusively and without false speculativeness - precisely to existential problems. He reflects on love, hatred, the will to live, despair, strength and weakness of man, recreates the complex spiritual world man at the turn of the era.
Alexander Kuprin - the greatest Russian writer, known for his novels, translations and short stories.
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin was born in the small town of Narovchat on September 7, 1870 into a noble family. At an early age he moved with his mother to Moscow due to the death of the boy's father. He received his secondary education in a regular boarding school, which was also a boarding school for street children. After 4 years of training, he is transferred to the cadet corps, also located in Moscow. The young man decides to master military career and after graduation he becomes a student at the Alexander Military School.
Having received his diploma, Kuprin goes to serve in the Dnepropetrovsk Infantry Regiment as a second lieutenant. But after 4 years he quits his service and visits several cities in the western provinces Russian Empire. It was difficult for him to find a permanent job due to lack of qualifications. Ivan Bunin, whom the writer met quite recently, pulls him out of a difficult financial situation. Bunin sends Kuprin to the capital and gets him a job in a large printing house. Alexander remained to live in Gatchina until the events of 1917. During the First World War he at will sets up a hospital and helps treat wounded military personnel. Over the entire period of the early 20th century, Kuprin created several novels and short stories, the most famous of which were “White Poodle” and “Garnet Bracelet”.
IN last years existence of the Russian Empire, Kuprin adhered to communist views, ardently supporting the Bolshevik Party. He reacted positively to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas 2 and good manners accepted the arrival of the new government. A few years later, the classic became very disappointed in the new government and began to give speeches criticizing the new political system of Soviet Russia. In this regard, he had to take up arms and join the White movement.
But after the Red victory, Alexander immediately migrates abroad to avoid persecution. He chooses France as his place of residence. In exile he is actively involved literary activity and writes his next masterpieces: “The Wheel of Time”, “Junker”, “Zhaneta”. His works are in great demand among readers. Unfortunately, the enormous popularity of his work did not bring the writer a huge amount of financial resources. As a result, over 15 years he was able to accumulate an incredible list of debts and loans. The “money pit” and the inability to feed his own family forced him to become addicted to alcohol, which significantly derailed his life.
A few years later, his health rapidly begins to deteriorate. Suddenly, at the end of the 30s of the last century, Kuprin was invited back to Russia. Alexander returns. But due to alcoholism and worsening illnesses, the classic’s body could no longer create or work. Therefore, on August 25, 1938, Alexander Kuprin dies in Leningrad of natural causes.
The life and work of the writer Alexander Kuprin
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin is a famous Russian writer and translator. His works were realistic, and thus gained fame in many sectors of society.
Childhood and parents
Kuprin's childhood years are spent in Moscow, where he and his mother moved after his father's death.
Education
In 1887, Kuprin entered the Alexander Military School.
He begins to experience various difficult moments, about which he writes his first works.
Kuprin wrote poetry well, but did not try to publish them or did not want to.
In 1890 he served in the infantry, where he wrote the works “Inquiry” and “In the Dark”.
Creativity flourishes
After 4 years, Kuprin leaves the regiment and begins his journey through different cities of Russia, looking at nature, people and acquiring new knowledge for his further works and stories.
Kuprin’s works are interesting because he described his experiences and feelings in them or they became the basis for new stories.
The very dawn of the writer’s creativity was at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1905, the story “The Duel” was published, which received enormous recognition from society. Then the most important work, “The Garnet Bracelet,” appeared, which made Kuprin famous.
It is impossible not to highlight such a work as the story “The Pit,” which became scandalous and was not published due to pornographic scenes in the book.
Emigration
During the October Revolution, Kuprin emigrated to France because he did not want to support communism.
There he continues his activity as a writer, without which he could not imagine his life.
Return to Russia
Gradually, Kuprin begins to yearn for his homeland, to which he returned in poor health. After returning, he begins work on his latest work, entitled “Native Moscow.”
Personal life
Kuprin had two wives: with the first, Maria Davydova, the marriage ended after 5 years, but this marriage gave him a daughter, Lydia. The second wife was Elizaveta Moritsovna Heinrich, who gave him two daughters - Ksenia and Zinaida. The wife committed suicide during the siege of Leningrad, unable to survive such a terrible time.
Kuprin had no descendants, because his only grandson died in World War II.
Last years of life and death
The government benefited from Kuprin’s return to his homeland, because they wanted to create from him the image of a man who regretted his action, that he left his native land.
However, there were rumors that Kuprin was very ill, so there was information that his work “Native Moscow” was not written by him at all.
Message 3
The writer was born on September 7, 1870 in the Penza province in the city of Narovchat. Very early, my father passed away due to cholera. In 1874 his mother moved to Moscow and sent Alexander to a school where orphans studied. From 1880 to 1888 goes all the way to the Alexander Military School.
He began to become interested in literature during his cadet training. The story “The Last Debut” appeared in 1889. and the writer was punished with a reprimand. Having received the rank of second lieutenant in 1890-1894. was sent to serve in Kamenets-Podolsky. In 1901 retired. Lived in Kyiv, Petrograd, then in Sevastopol. All this time, the writer was haunted by poverty, poverty, he did not have a permanent job. These hardships contributed to the development of Kuprin as an outstanding writer. Made friends with Chekhov A.P., Bunin I.A. , these writers left an indelible imprint on the writer’s work. Stories and novellas are published: “The Duel”, “The Pit”, “Garnet Bracelet”.
1909 came, the year of recognition. Alexander Kuprin receives the Pushkin Prize. In addition to writing, he helps rebel sailors escape from the police. 1914 one of the most terrible events in the history of mankind is coming - the First World War. Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin goes to the front as a volunteer, but does not stay there for long. He is being commissioned for health. In order to participate at least somehow in the fate of the country, he opens a soldier’s hospital in his house. But it didn't last long. Changes have begun in the country.
1917 time of revolution. Kuprin becomes close to the Socialist Revolutionaries and greets the revolution with joy. But its consequences did not live up to his hopes. The civil war that followed the revolution plunged him into depression. Decides to join N.N. Yudenich’s army.
1920 comes. Time for a change. Kuprin moves to France and writes his autobiography. The world saw it under the name "Junker". In 1937, the desire to see his homeland forces him to return home. The new country, the USSR, accepted Alexander Ivanovich calmly, without consequences. But the great writer did not have long to live.
The writer died at the age of 68 from esophageal cancer in 1938. August 25, in St. Petersburg, at that time Leningrad. He was buried at the Volkovsky cemetery, near the grave of I.S. Turgenev, now this is the Frunzensky district of St. Petersburg.
Report 4
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin is a man with an interesting destiny, a realist writer whose images are taken from life itself. The time of his creations fell on a difficult period for Russian history. The end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries affected the fate and works of the author.
Alexander Ivanovich, born in 1870, was a native of the Penza province of Narovchate. The future writer’s mother had Tatar roots, which Kuprin was later very proud of. Sometimes he dressed up in a Tatar robe and wore a skullcap, going out in such clothes.
The boy was not yet a year old when his father passed away; his mother was forced to send her son to an orphanage, moving to Moscow, where she was a native. For little Alexander, the boarding house was a place of despondency and oppression.
After graduating from college, Kuprin entered a military gymnasium, after which in 1887 he continued his studies at the Alexander Military School. The writer described the events of the period of his life in the work “Junker”. It was during his studies that Alexander Ivanovich tried to write. The first published story, “The Last Debut,” was written in 1889.
After graduating from college in 1890. Kuprin served for four years in an infantry regiment. The rich life experience acquired in the service more than once became the theme of his works. At the same time, the writer publishes his works in the magazine “Russian Wealth”. During this period, the following films were released: “Inquiry”, “In the Dark”, “Moonlight”, “Hike”, “Night Shift” and many others.
Having finished military service, Kuprin lives in Kyiv and is trying to decide on future profession. The writer tried many works. He was a factory worker, a circus wrestler, a small-time journalist, a land surveyor, a psalm-reader, an actor, and a pilot. In total, I tried more than 20 professions. Everywhere he was interested, everywhere he was surrounded by people who became heroes of Kuprin’s works. Alexander Ivanovich's wanderings brought him to St. Petersburg, where, on the recommendation of Ivan Bunin, he got a permanent job in the editorial office of the Magazine for Everyone.
The writer's first wife was Maria Karlovna, whose wedding took place in the winter of 1902. A year later, a daughter, Lydia, appeared in the family, who later gave Kuprin a grandson, Alexei.
The story “The Duel,” published in 1905, brought enormous success to Alexander Ivanovich. Reveler, an adventurer by nature, was always the center of attention. Perhaps this was the reason for the divorce from his first wife in 1909. In the same year, the writer remarried Elizaveta Moritsovna, from whom two girls were born, the youngest of whom died at an early age. Neither the daughter nor the grandson left children, so there are no direct descendants of the writer.
The pre-revolutionary period was distinguished by the publication of most of Kuprin's works. Among the written works: “Garnet Bracelet”, “Liquid Sun”, “Gambrinus”.
In 1911 moves to Gatchina, where during the First World War he opens a hospital for wounded military personnel in his house. In 1914 was mobilized and sent to serve in Finland, but was dismissed for health reasons.
Initially, Kuprin greeted with joy the news of Tsar Nicholas II's abdication from the throne. However, faced with the dictatorship of the authorities, he was disappointed. During the Civil War he joined the White Guards and after the defeat was forced to leave for Paris.
Poverty and a tendency toward alcoholism forced Kuprin to return in 1937. to the homeland. By this time, the writer was already very ill and could not engage in creative work. Alexander Ivanovich died in 1938.
Message about Kuprin
Popular Russian authors are different from any other authors, since they are usually adherents of the classical direction of literature. It is not for nothing that these writers have become one of the most recognizable faces, both in their homeland and far abroad. Usually these are writers who, from childhood, developed their writing talent throughout their lives, while meeting the key people of their time, which also brought them considerable popularity, which made them even more successful. Thus, such people became famous and successful, but their immense talent also played an important role in their development. An excellent example of such an author is the writer Kuprin.
Alexander Kuprin is a very famous author, who at one time was widely read, both in Russia and far abroad. This author wrote quite unique and interesting works, in which the author revealed the most most interesting topics, through which the author also conveyed his point of view, which he shared with his readers. Kuprin’s works also contained various artistic techniques that amazed their readers with their genius, because Kuprin was a true master of words who wrote in a way that no other author, a classical author, to be more precise, could write. Even him classical works were filled with quite an interesting plot.
Alexander Kuprin September 7 in the city of Narovchat. He was born, like most famous classical writers, into a noble family, in which the boy was very much loved and cared for from childhood. And from childhood, the boy was noticed to have a strong penchant for literature. From childhood he began to show quite good skills in literature, as well as in writing various works and poetry. Later he went to get an education, which he successfully received and began to work on himself and his creativity. While working on it, he was able to develop his own style of writing, and thus he became one of the most read authors of his time, if not the most read. He lived good life Having written a huge number of works, he finished it in Leningrad on August 25, 1938. His entire family mourned his loss, but he died of natural causes, or, more simply, of old age.
Yuri Pavlovich Kazakov (1927-1982) is one of the writers of the Soviet period of Russian history. Kazakov is a native of Moscow and his childhood years in an ordinary simple family pass
Unfortunately, such a problem as a fire is inevitable. Sometimes, even when all safety rules are followed, accidents occur. In such cases, special people are needed, daredevils who
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin is a famous writer, a classic of Russian literature, whose most significant works are “The Junkers”, “The Duel”, “The Pit”, “The Garnet Bracelet” and “The White Poodle”. Also high art Kuprin's short stories about Russian life, emigration, and animals are considered.
Alexander was born in the district town of Narovchat, which is located in the Penza region. But the writer spent his childhood and youth in Moscow. The fact is that Kuprin’s father, hereditary nobleman Ivan Ivanovich, died a year after his birth. Lyubov Alekseevna’s mother, who also came from a noble family, had to move to a large city, where it was much easier for her to give her son upbringing and education.
Already at the age of 6, Kuprin was sent to the Moscow Razumovsky boarding school, which operated on the principle of an orphanage. After 4 years, Alexander was transferred to the Second Moscow Cadet Corps, after which the young man entered the Alexander Military School. Kuprin graduated with the rank of second lieutenant and served for exactly 4 years in the Dnieper Infantry Regiment.
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After his resignation, the 24-year-old young man leaves for Kyiv, then to Odessa, Sevastopol and other cities of the Russian Empire. The problem was that Alexander did not have any civilian specialty. Only after meeting him does he manage to find a permanent job: Kuprin goes to St. Petersburg and gets a job at the “Magazine for Everyone.” Later he would settle in Gatchina, where during the First World War he would maintain a military hospital at his own expense.
Alexander Kuprin enthusiastically accepted the abdication of the Tsar's power. After the arrival of the Bolsheviks, he even personally approached with a proposal to publish a special newspaper for the village “Zemlya”. But soon, seeing that the new government was imposing a dictatorship on the country, he became completely disillusioned with it.
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It was Kuprin who came up with the derogatory name for the Soviet Union - “Sovdepiya”, which will become firmly established in the jargon. During civil war volunteered to join the White Army, and after a major defeat he went abroad - first to Finland and then to France.
By the early 30s, Kuprin was mired in debt and could not provide his family with even the most necessary things. In addition, the writer did not find anything better than to look for a way out of a difficult situation in a bottle. Eventually the only solution was a return to his homeland, which he personally supported in 1937.
Books
Alexander Kuprin began writing in his final years in the cadet corps, and his first attempts at writing were in the poetic genre. Unfortunately, the writer never published his poetry. And his first published story was “The Last Debut.” Later, his story “In the Dark” and a number of stories on military topics were published in magazines.
In general, Kuprin devotes a lot of space to the theme of the army, especially in early work. Suffice it to recall his famous autobiographical novel “Junkers” and the story that preceded it “At the Turning Point”, also published as “Cadets”.
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The dawn of Alexander Ivanovich as a writer came at the beginning of the 20th century. He published the story “The White Poodle,” which later became a classic of children’s literature, his memoirs about his trip to Odessa, “Gambrinus,” and, probably, his most popular work, the story “The Duel.” At the same time, such creations as “Liquid Sun”, “Garnet Bracelet”, and stories about animals were released.
Separately, it is necessary to say about one of the most scandalous works of Russian literature of that period - the story “The Pit” about the life and destinies of Russian prostitutes. The book was mercilessly criticized, paradoxically, for “excessive naturalism and realism.” The first edition of "The Pit" was withdrawn from publication as pornographic.
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In exile, Alexander Kuprin wrote a lot, almost all of his works were popular with readers. In France, he created four major works - “The Dome of St. Isaac of Dalmatia”, “The Wheel of Time”, “Junker” and “Zhanet”, as well as a large number of short stories, including the philosophical parable about beauty “Blue Star”.
Personal life
The first wife of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin was young Maria Davydova, the daughter of the famous cellist Karl Davydov. The marriage lasted only five years, but during this time the couple had a daughter, Lydia. The fate of this girl was tragic - she died shortly after giving birth to her son at the age of 21.
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The writer married his second wife Elizaveta Moritsovna in 1909, although they had been living together for two years by that time. They had two daughters - Ksenia, who later became an actress and model, and Zinaida, who died at three years old from a complex form of pneumonia. The wife outlived Alexander Ivanovich by 4 years. She committed suicide during the siege of Leningrad, unable to withstand the constant bombing and endless hunger.
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Since Kuprin’s only grandson Alexey Egorov died due to injuries received during the Second World War, the family famous writer was interrupted, and today its direct descendants do not exist.
Death
Alexander Kuprin returned to Russia with his health already in poor health. He had an alcohol addiction, plus old man I was quickly losing my sight. The writer hoped that in his homeland he would be able to return to labor activity, but my health did not allow this.
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A year later, while watching a military parade on Red Square, Alexander Ivanovich contracted pneumonia, which was also aggravated by esophageal cancer. On August 25, 1938, the famous writer’s heart stopped forever.
Kuprin’s grave is located on the Literary Bridge of the Volkovsky Cemetery, not far from the burial place of another Russian classic -.
Bibliography
- 1892 - “In the Dark”
- 1898 - “Olesya”
- 1900 - “At the Turning Point” (“Cadets”)
- 1905 - “Duel”
- 1907 - "Gambrinus"
- 1910 - “Garnet Bracelet”
- 1913 - “Liquid Sun”
- 1915 - “The Pit”
- 1928 - “Junkers”
- 1933 - “Zhaneta”
A.I. Kuprin is a prominent representative of Russian critical realism, whose work occurred in the most difficult pre- and post-revolutionary years of the 20th century.
Writer Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin (1870 - 1938).
Early years
Alexander was born in the small town of Narovchat (today it is the Penza region) on August 26, 1870. He was orphaned very early (the father died when the child was one year old; a period of considerable financial difficulties began for the mother and her little son). His mother managed to give Sasha an education: having moved to Moscow, he studied at the Moscow Razumovsky boarding school.
In 1887, Alexander was accepted as a student at the Alexander Military School. The years of study became for him a period of accumulation of experience and first literary works. In 1889, he published a story, which he gave the title “The Last Debut.”
Stormy youth and the beginning of maturity
After studying for about 4 years, Kuprin served in the Dnieper Infantry Regiment, and then, after retiring, traveled around the south of Russia and tried himself in various professions: from a loader to a dentist. At this time he already begins to actively write. The story “Moloch”, the story “Olesya”, and the stories “Shulamith” and “Pomegranate Bracelet”, which later became classics, were published. From the pen of the writer came the story “The Duel” that brought him literary fame.
During the First World War, Kuprin opened a military hospital in his own house and took part in the fighting. He was interested in politics and in his views was close to the Social Revolutionaries.
Emigration and return to the homeland
Kuprin did not accept the October Revolution, joined the White movement, and emigrated in 1919. For 17 years he lived in Paris, continuing to work. One of the most significant works of this period is the story “Junker”, based on memories. Illness, poverty, nostalgia for Russia forced the writer to return to the Soviet Union in 1937. But he only had a year to live - Alexander Ivanovich died on August 25, 1938.
His works, whose heroes are representatives of the poor intelligentsia and ordinary people, have not lost their relevance in our time. Kuprin's heroes love life, try to survive, resist the surrounding cynicism and vulgarity. They live in a natural, changing world, where Good and Evil are forever intertwined and have an endless dispute with each other.
Brief information about Kuprin.