Oblomov, Roman I. Goncharova "Oblomov" (reflections on what he read)

The novel "Oblomov" is part of a kind of trilogy by I.A. Goncharov, dedicated to the writer's reflections on the fate of contemporary Russia and the Russian people. In Oblomov, the author shows a turning point in the life of the country, when a Europeanized, capitalist Russia comes to replace patriarchal Russia.

How will this affect the Russian mentality, will the country gain or lose from this, what will happen to Russian culture and Russian people? Goncharov tries to comprehend these issues, reflecting all aspects of contemporary life.

There are many tragic moments in the novel. And, first of all, the conflict here is tragic - between patriarchal Russia and capitalist Russia.

Russia in the person of Oblomov is kindness, hospitality, sincerity, but also inertia, laziness, fear of change. The “new” Russia, represented by Stolz and partly by Olga Ilyinskaya, is business acumen, energy, rationality, but also spiritual coldness, cynicism, even heartlessness.

We see that in his youth, Ilya Ilyich tried to "find himself" - while studying at the university, the hero was intensely thinking about what he was intended for, what career was prepared for him. Science did not inspire Oblomov, he did not see any practical use in them. Studying the works of philosophers and natural scientists, the hero was tormented all the time by the thought: "When to live?"

As a result, “having betrayed the service and society, he began to solve the problem of existence differently, pondered his purpose and finally discovered that the horizon of his activity and life is hidden in himself. He realized that he got the lot of family happiness and care of the estate. "

But even here Oblomov was awaited by failure, since an inert mind, laziness and fear of action, of life itself did not allow him to carry out his intentions. We see Ilya Ilyich lying on the couch all day, trying to start a plan of reforms on the estate, or at least to solve urgent matters related to it, but ... cannot. No force is able to force Ilya Ilyich to take action!

Why are there so many contradictions in this hero, such exaggerated apathy and laziness? The answer lies in Oblomov's Dream, which tells about the childhood of Ilya Ilyich and reveals the origins of his character.

Oblomov's ideal is patriarchal order life: quiet, measured, comfortable, lazy. In such a model of the world, a person does not need to worry about his existence, worry about something - everything here is left to him by the sovereign, serfs and the Lord God. The Oblomovites were content with the small joys of their limited world, their "Arcadia", and did not want anything more. All the signs of another, "big and cold" life frightened them.

Little Ilyusha absorbed all the positive that was in Oblomovka, but also all the shortcomings of that life. We understand that the hero is not at all adapted to an adult, independent, responsible life, life, a tailor of worries, worries, changes. He tries to isolate himself from everything with his cozy robe. Fear wins all other feelings and instincts in Oblomov. And this, in my opinion, is the tragedy of this character.

The hero's life also ends sadly - he dies from a second blow caused by gluttony and laziness. And this death is all the more sad because Oblomov's nature harbored many talents, warmth, generosity, love. But only a few relatives of the hero could feel this: Stolz, Olga Ilyinskaya, possibly Oblomov's son.

Tragic and the fate of Oblomov's servant - Zakhara, who did not see himself without his master. Accustomed to thinking in terms of "master - serf", this man could not recover after Oblomov's death. He turned into a beggar, half-blind old man who lives by charity, but until the end of his life he looked after the master's grave.

Thus, Goncharov's novel Oblomov is a profound socio-psychological work. In my opinion, the character and fate of the protagonist of this work are tragic, and the conflict of the novel is also tragic - an insoluble contradiction between the old and the new, the primordial and the coming. However, all this is “flavored” in “Oblomov” with a lot of funny, which is “woven” into the characters of the characters and makes them unique, alive, significant.

Goncharov's novel Oblomov is a landmark work of 19th century literature, affecting both acutely social and many philosophical problems while staying relevant and interesting modern reader. Ideological meaning the novel "Oblomov" is based on the opposition of an active, new social and personal principle with an obsolete, passive and degrading one. In the work, the author reveals these principles at several existential levels, therefore, in order to fully understand the meaning of the work, a detailed consideration of each of them is required.

The public meaning of the novel

In the novel Oblomov, Goncharov was the first to introduce the concept of Oblomovism as a generalized name for outdated patriarchal landowners' foundations, personal degradation, and the stagnation of a whole social stratum of the Russian philistine, unwilling to accept new social trends and norms. The author considered this phenomenon on the example of the main character of the novel, Oblomov, whose childhood was spent in the distant Oblomovka, where everyone lived quietly, lazily, taking little interest and almost not caring about anything. The hero's native village becomes the embodiment of the ideals of the Russian old-bourgeois society - a kind of hedonistic idyll, a “conserved paradise” where there is no need to study, work or develop.

Depicting Oblomov as a "superfluous person", Goncharov, in contrast to Griboyedov and Pushkin, whose characters of this type were ahead of society, introduces into the narrative a hero who lags behind society and lives in the distant past. An active, active, educated environment oppresses Oblomov - the ideals of Stolz with his labor for the sake of labor are alien to him, even his beloved Olga is ahead of Ilya Ilyich, approaching everything from a practical side. Stolz, Olga, Tarantyev, Mukhoyarov, and other acquaintances of Oblomov are representatives of a new, "urban" type of personality. They are more practitioners than theoreticians, they do not dream, but do, create new things - someone working honestly, someone cheating.

Goncharov condemns "Oblomovism" with its gravitation towards the past, laziness, apathy and complete spiritual withering away of the personality, when a person essentially becomes a "plant" lying around the clock on the couch. However, Goncharov also portrays the images of modern, new people as ambiguous - they do not have the peace of mind and inner poetry that Oblomov had (remember that only resting with a friend, Stolz found this peace of mind, and already married Olga is sad for something far away and is afraid to dream making excuses to her husband).

At the end of the work, Goncharov does not make a definite conclusion who is right - the practitioner Stolz or the dreamer Oblomov. However, the reader understands that it was because of "Oblomovism", as a phenomenon of sharply negative and long obsolete, that Ilya Ilyich "disappeared". That is why the social meaning of Goncharov's novel Oblomov is the need for constant development and movement - both in the continuous construction and creation of the surrounding world, and in work on the development of one's own personality.

The meaning of the title of the work

The meaning of the title of the novel "Oblomov" is closely related to the main theme of the work - it was named after the name of the protagonist Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, and is also associated with the social phenomenon "Oblomovism" described in the novel. The etymology of the name is interpreted by researchers in different ways. So, the most widespread version is that the word "bummer" comes from the words "fragment", "break off", "break", denoting the state of mental and social breakdown of the landlord nobility, when it turned out to be in a borderline state between the desire to preserve the old traditions and foundations and the need change to the requirements of the era, from a creator person to become a practical person.

In addition, there is a version about the connection of the title with the Old Slavonic root "oblo" - "round", which corresponds to the description of the hero - his "rounded" appearance and his quiet, calm character "without sharp corners." However, regardless of the interpretation of the title of the work, it indicates the central storyline novel - the life of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.

The meaning of Oblomovka in the novel

From the plot of the novel "Oblomov" the reader from the very beginning learns a lot of facts about Oblomovka, about what a wonderful place it is, how easy and good it was for the hero, and how important it is for Oblomov to return there. However, throughout the entire narrative, events never take us to the village, which makes it a truly mythical, fabulous place. Picturesque nature, gentle hills, a calm river, a hut on the edge of a ravine, which the visitor should be asked to stand “back to the forest, and in front of it” in order to go inside - there was never a mention of Oblomovka even in the newspapers. No passions worried the inhabitants of Oblomovka - they were completely cut off from the world, spent their lives in boredom and tranquility, arranged on constant rituals.

Oblomov's childhood passed in love, his parents constantly pampered Ilya, indulging all his desires. However, Oblomov was particularly impressed by the stories of the nanny, who read to him about mythical heroes and fairy-tale heroes, closely linking in the hero's memory his native village with folklore... For Ilya Ilyich Oblomovka is a distant dream, an ideal comparable, perhaps, to the beautiful ladies of medieval knights who glorified wives whom they sometimes never saw. In addition, the village is also a way to escape from reality, a kind of half-invented place where the hero can forget about reality and be himself - lazy, apathetic, completely calm and detached from the world around him.

The meaning of Oblomov's life in the novel

Oblomov's whole life is connected only with that distant, quiet and harmonious Oblomovka, however, the mythical estate exists only in the hero's memories and dreams - pictures from the past never come to him in a cheerful state, his native village appears before him as a kind of distant vision, in its own way unattainable like any mythical city. Ilya Ilyich opposes in every possible way the real perception of his native Oblomovka - he still does not plan the future estate, he hesitates for a long time with an answer to the headman's letter, and in a dream he does not seem to notice the uncomfortableness of the house - the crooked gates, the sunken roof, the swaying porch, the neglected garden. Yes, and he really does not want to go there - Oblomov is afraid that when he sees a dilapidated, ruined Oblomovka that has nothing to do with his dreams and memories, he will lose his last illusions, for which he grabs with all his might and for which he lives.

The only thing that causes complete happiness in Oblomov is dreams and illusions. He is afraid of real life, afraid of getting married, which he dreamed of many times, afraid to break himself and become different. Having wrapped himself in an old robe and continuing to lie on the bed, he “conserves” himself in a state of “Oblomovism” - in general, the dressing gown in the work is, as it were, a part of that mythical world that returns the hero to a state of laziness near extinction.

The meaning of the hero's life in Oblomov's novel boils down to gradual dying - both moral and mental, and physical, in order to maintain his own illusions. The hero does not want to say goodbye to the past so much that he is ready to sacrifice a full life, the opportunity to feel every moment and recognize every feeling for the sake of mythical ideals and dreams.

Conclusion

In the novel Oblomov, Goncharov depicted the tragic story of the extinction of a man for whom the illusory past has become more important than the multifaceted and beautiful present - friendship, love, social well-being. The meaning of the work indicates that it is important not to stop at one place, indulging yourself with illusions, but always strive forward, expanding the boundaries of your own "comfort zone".

Product test

In 1859, IA Goncharov published the novel Oblomov. However, it was conceived back in 1847, at the same time its central chapter, "Oblomov's Dream", was published. It tells about the social environment that gave rise to the lazy and apathetic protagonist of the work and the now famous Oblomovism. A. Druzhinin wrote: “In his novel, I.A. novel ". Oblomovism is expressed not only in the main character of the novel, but also in the social order of the entire era of that Russia. Oblomov's image is a reflection of the national Russian character, its ambiguity and versatility. We also see the inconsistency of Oblomov: generated by the Oblomov era, the hero denies modern society and does not find a place for himself in it, which ranks him among the “ extra people" in literature.

The ambiguity of Oblomov's image is observed already in chapter 1 of the work. IA Goncharov used the technique of speaking first and last names: the heroic name and patronymic Ilya Ilyich is placed next to the last name Oblomov, as if derived from the word "fragment". And throughout the entire novel, we meet with the contradictions of the hero. Oblomov cannot be unequivocally called either a positive or a negative hero, both of which are present in his character. The negative sides of Ilya Ilyich are immediately evident. Of course, this is his apathy, constant laziness and unwillingness to move, weak-willed, empty daydreaming. The hero's rooms are not cleaned, there is only one dusty book on the table, everything emanates from neglect and negligence. Oblomov, a thirty-year-old man, cannot even wash and dress on his own, and throughout the entire first chapter does not even get up from his couch. All this repels the reader and causes him, if not disdain, then ridicule. But there must be at least something positive in Goncharov's hero? He is gentle in character, has a kind heart and really knows how to love - these are the sides inherent in Oblomov that paint any person. In a novel with Olga Ilyinskaya, for example, the hero is really revealed, and we see his best sides. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is actually a thinking person, he himself is aware of his position and even asks the question "Why am I like this?" The hero despises the vanity of the surrounding society, realizes its emptiness and meaninglessness. He, not finding a place for himself in it, decides that the best way of existence is doing nothing, but he considers active people unhappy. So is Oblomov right? In my opinion, Oblomov's thoughts about the emptiness of the society around him are extremely true. He does the right thing, wanting to isolate himself from the stupid worldly bustle, which leads to the impoverishment of the soul and mind. However, I have a negative attitude towards Oblomov's lifestyle. Ilya Ilyich has great potential, but the laziness and lack of interest in life inculcated in Oblomovka hinder him. The hero could write books, travel, study sciences - he has all the possibilities for this, but, unfortunately, he lacks willpower. This is a vivid example of how the environment can ruin the development of an individual.

Oblomov is a composite image of a typical Russian person, a dreamy, contemplative person who always hopes for the best and true happiness and sees in monotony and tranquility. Define Ilya Ilyich as unambiguously positive or negative hero it is forbidden. He attracts in his own way, but also causes antipathy with his laziness and passivity, which indicates the versatility of the character's nature, his inner depth and powerful unrealized potential. As critics point out, Goncharov largely copied Ilya Ilyich from himself, which makes the novel even more interesting for the reader.

Updated: 2018-03-31

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