The image of Faust in Goethe's work of the same name, essay. “Images of the main characters of the tragedy “Faust” by Goethe Other works on this work
I am now tasting my highest moment.
Goethe wrote his tragedy “Faust” over 25 years. Its first part was published in 1808, the second only a quarter of a century later. This work had a strong influence on all European literature of the first half of the 19th century century.
Who main character Whose name is the famous tragedy named after? What is he like? Goethe himself spoke about him this way: the main thing in him is “tireless activity until the end of his life, which becomes higher and purer.”
Faust is a man with high aspirations. He devoted his entire life to science. He studied philosophy, law, medicine, theology, and achieved academic degrees. Years passed, and he realized with despair that he was not one step closer to the truth, that all these years he had only moved further away from knowledge real life, that he exchanged “the lush color of living nature” for “decay and trash.”
Faust realized that he needed living feelings. He turns to the mysterious spirit of the earth. A spirit appears before him, but it is just a ghost. Faust acutely feels his loneliness, melancholy, dissatisfaction with the world and with himself: “Who will tell me whether to give up my dreams? Who will teach? Where to go?" - he asks. But no one can help him. It seems to Faust that a skull, “glittering with white teeth,” and old instruments with the help of which Faust hoped to find the truth are looking mockingly at him from the shelf. Faust was already close to being poisoned, but suddenly he heard the sound of Easter bells and threw away the thought of death.
Faust's reflections included the experiences of Goethe himself and his generation about the meaning of life. Goethe created his Faust as a man who hears the call of life, the call new era, but cannot yet escape from the grip of the past. After all, this is precisely what worried the poet’s contemporaries - the German enlighteners.
In accordance with the ideas of the Enlightenment, Faust is a man of action. Even translating to German the Bible, he, disagreeing with famous phrase: “In the beginning was the Word,” clarifies: “In the beginning was the Deed.”
Mephistopheles, the spirit of doubt, stimulating action, appears to Faust in the form of a black poodle. Mephistopheles is not just a tempter and the antipode of Faust. He is a skeptical philosopher with a brilliant critical mind. Mephistopheles is witty and sarcastic and compares favorably with a schematic religious character. Goethe put a lot of his thoughts into the mouth of Mephistopheles, and he, like Faust, became an exponent of the ideas of the Enlightenment. Thus, dressed in the clothes of a university professor, Mephistopheles ridicules the admiration that reigned in scientific circles for the verbal formula, crazy cramming, behind which there is no place for living thought: “You must trust words: you cannot change one iota in words...”
Faust enters into an agreement with Mephistopheles not for the sake of empty entertainment, but for the sake of higher knowledge. He would like to experience everything, to know both happiness and sorrow, to know the highest meaning of life. And Mephistopheles gives Faust the opportunity to taste all earthly blessings, so that he can forget about his high impulses for knowledge. Mephistopheles is confident that he will make Faust “crawl in the dung.” He confronts him with the most important temptation - love for a woman.
The temptation that the lame devil came up with for Faust has a name - Margarita, Gretchen. She is fifteen years old, she is a simple, pure and innocent girl. Seeing her on the street, Faust flares up with insane passion for her. He is attracted to this young commoner, perhaps because with her he gains the feeling of beauty and goodness that he previously strived for. Love gives them bliss, but it also becomes the cause of misfortune. The poor girl became a criminal: fearing people's rumors, she drowned her newborn child.
Having learned about what happened, Faust tries to help Margarita and, together with Mephistopheles, enters the prison. But Margarita refuses to follow him. “I submit to God’s judgment,” the girl declares. Leaving, Mephistopheles says that Margarita is condemned to torment. But a voice from above says: “Saved!” By choosing death over escaping with the devil, Gretchen saved her soul.
Goethe's hero lives to be a hundred years old. He goes blind and finds himself in complete darkness. But even blind and weak, he tries to fulfill his dream: to build a dam for people. Goethe shows that Faust did not succumb to the persuasion and temptations of Mephistopheles and found his place in life. In accordance with the ideals of the Enlightenment, the main character becomes the creator of the future. This is where he finds his happiness. Hearing the sound of builders' shovels, Faust imagines a picture of a rich, fruitful and prosperous country where “a free people live in a free land.” And he utters secret words that he would like to stop the moment. Faust dies, but his soul is saved.
The confrontation between the two main characters ends with the victory of Faust. The seeker of truth did not fall prey to dark forces. Faust's restless thought and aspirations merged with the quest of humanity, with the movement towards light, goodness, and truth.
I am now tasting my highest moment.
Goethe wrote his tragedy “Faust” over 25 years. Its first part was published in 1808, the second only a quarter of a century later. This work had a strong influence on all European literature of the first half of the 19th century.
Who is the main character, after whom the famous tragedy is named? What is he like? Goethe himself spoke about him this way: the main thing in him is “tireless activity until the end of his life, which becomes higher and purer.”
Faust is a man with high aspirations. He devoted his entire life to science. He studied philosophy, law, medicine, theology, and achieved academic degrees. Years passed, and he realized with despair that he was not one step closer to the truth, that all these years he had only moved away from the knowledge of real life, that he had exchanged “the lush color of living nature” for “decay and trash.”
Faust realized that he needed living feelings. He turns to the mysterious spirit of the earth. A spirit appears before him, but it is just a ghost. Faust acutely feels his loneliness, melancholy, dissatisfaction with the world and with himself: “Who will tell me whether to give up my dreams? Who will teach? Where to go?" - he asks. But no one can help him. It seems to Faust that a skull, “glittering with white teeth,” and old instruments with the help of which Faust hoped to find the truth are looking mockingly at him from the shelf. Faust was already close to being poisoned, but suddenly he heard the sound of Easter bells and threw away the thought of death.
Faust's reflections included the experiences of Goethe himself and his generation about the meaning of life. Goethe created his Faust as a man who hears the call of life, the call of a new era, but cannot yet escape from the clutches of the past. After all, this is precisely what worried the poet’s contemporaries - the German enlighteners.
In accordance with the ideas of the Enlightenment, Faust is a man of action. Even when translating the Bible into German, he, not agreeing with the famous phrase: “In the beginning was the Word,” clarifies: “In the beginning was the Deed.”
Mephistopheles, the spirit of doubt, stimulating action, appears to Faust in the form of a black poodle. Mephistopheles is not just a tempter and the antipode of Faust. He is a skeptical philosopher with a brilliant critical mind. Mephistopheles is witty and sarcastic and compares favorably with a schematic religious character. Goethe put a lot of his thoughts into the mouth of Mephistopheles, and he, like Faust, became an exponent of the ideas of the Enlightenment. Thus, dressed in the clothes of a university professor, Mephistopheles ridicules the admiration that reigned in scientific circles for the verbal formula, crazy cramming, behind which there is no place for living thought: “You must trust words: you cannot change one iota in words...”
Faust enters into an agreement with Mephistopheles not for the sake of empty entertainment, but for the sake of higher knowledge. He would like to experience everything, to know both happiness and sorrow, to know the highest meaning of life. And Mephistopheles gives Faust the opportunity to taste all earthly blessings, so that he can forget about his high impulses for knowledge. Mephistopheles is confident that he will make Faust “crawl in the dung.” He confronts him with the most important temptation - love for a woman.
The temptation that the lame devil came up with for Faust has a name - Margarita, Gretchen. She is fifteen years old, she is a simple, pure and innocent girl. Seeing her on the street, Faust flares up with insane passion for her. He is attracted to this young commoner, perhaps because with her he gains the feeling of beauty and goodness that he previously strived for. Love gives them bliss, but it also becomes the cause of misfortune. The poor girl became a criminal: fearing people's rumors, she drowned her newborn child.
Having learned about what happened, Faust tries to help Margarita and, together with Mephistopheles, enters the prison. But Margarita refuses to follow him. “I submit to God’s judgment,” the girl declares. Leaving, Mephistopheles says that Margarita is condemned to torment. But a voice from above says: “Saved!” By choosing death over escaping with the devil, Gretchen saved her soul.
Goethe's hero lives to be a hundred years old. He goes blind and finds himself in complete darkness. But even blind and weak, he tries to fulfill his dream: to build a dam for people. Goethe shows that Faust did not succumb to the persuasion and temptations of Mephistopheles and found his place in life. In accordance with the ideals of the Enlightenment, the main character becomes the creator of the future. This is where he finds his happiness. Hearing the sound of builders' shovels, Faust imagines a picture of a rich, fruitful and prosperous country where “a free people live in a free land.” And he utters secret words that he would like to stop the moment. Faust dies, but his soul is saved.
The confrontation between the two main characters ends with the victory of Faust. The seeker of truth did not fall prey to dark forces. Faust's restless thought and aspirations merged with the quest of humanity, with the movement towards light, goodness, and truth.
- New!
Oh heaven, this is so beautiful! I have never seen anything like it in my life. How unspoiled and pure And how mockingly and without malice! I. Goethe “Faust” is a work on which Goethe worked almost all his life and which changed along with the author. At the center of the tragedy...
Who is the main character of Goethe's tragedy, after whom the famous tragedy is named? What is he like? Goethe himself spoke about him this way: the main thing in him is “tireless activity until the end of his life, which becomes higher and purer.” Faust is a man with high aspirations....
Throughout its history, humanity has tried to understand the world, explain natural phenomena and the essence of being. Suffice it to recall the biblical tale of Eve, who tasted apples from the tree of knowledge, the work of Renaissance alchemists aimed...
Goethe worked on Faust for more than sixty years. The image of the great seeker of truth excited him in his youth and accompanied him until the end of his life. Goethe's work is written in the form of a tragedy. True, it goes far beyond the capabilities that...
Included in the album
COMMENTS to the SONG:
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The song is sung to the tune of the famous folk song“Black raven, black raven, why are you hovering over me...”
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Doctor Faustus
- doctor, warlock, who lived in the first half of the 16th century. in Germany. According to legend, he made a deal with the devil in order to acquire great knowledge and power. Particularly known thanks to the famous poem by J. V. Goethe “Faust”.
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Black poodle
— in I. V. Goethe’s poem “Faust,” the devil Mephistopheles appeared to Faust in the form of a Black Poodle.
Rice. to "Faust".
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Chaos serves as our grandfather, / If space is our father...
- By ancient Greek ideas ordered harmonious Cosmos once emerged from disordered Chaos.
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Margarita
- in I. V. Goethe’s poem “Faust”, Faust’s beloved is a young, inexperienced girl of strict rules. She becomes the unwitting killer of her mother: so that her mother does not interfere with the love meeting, Mephistopheles gives Faust poison instead of a sleeping pill. After the birth of an illegitimate child, Margarita falls into madness and becomes a child killer. She is sentenced to death. According to Mephistopheles, Margarita is condemned to eternal torment, but at the end of the first part, in last moments life of a girl, a voice is heard from above: “Saved!” - heaven forgives one who is recognized as a sinner by earthly laws.
Margarita and Faust.
Lyrics of the song "Black Poodle":
Cm
Got it doctor, doctor Faust
Fm
Good old fellow
D# G# G Cm
Chaos serves as our grandfather,
G# Cm G Cm
If space is our father.Black poodle, black poodle,
You always run after me
You and I will not forget
Damn it and my God.Cm
Let my life hang by a thread,
C7
But I will break through to you, oh Margarita,
Fm Cm
When the board of your destiny is nailed down
G Cm
To my, beloved, board.All the time the stars were calling me up,
But of course I won’t get there
And so I hung face down like a bat,
Preferring heights is the antithesis.
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The philosophical tragedy "Faust" is the main work of the great Goethe's entire life (he created it throughout his career - almost 60 years - and finished it before his death) and the main work of his entire life. classical era. “Faust” is a kind of summary of the entire century and the development of European literature of an entire era. The work is based on the medieval legend about the warlock Faust, who sells his soul to the devil. Goethe reinterprets this famous plot in the spirit of educational and humanistic ideas. Faust is a scientist who strives not only for the broadest knowledge, but also comes to the idea of the need to serve knowledge to people. The hero goes through many trials. He is accompanied by Mephistopheles - the devil, the “spirit of denial”. These are two eternal opposites: Faust is a creator, he is dissatisfied with his achievements, he is eternal search; Mephistopheles is a cynic, satiated with knowledge about life and people, he is trying to prove that people are worse than animals, that they are wasting their minds. The agreement between man and the devil must prove or disprove the main problem: what is the essence of man, the meaning of his existence - in high aspirations (and the main one is the desire for knowledge) or in the earthly, momentary, prosaic?
Initially, Goethe conceptualized the plot in the spirit of the ideas of Sturm und Drang: Faust is a rebellious titanic nature, rebelling against dead scholastic science (which in Goethe is projected onto modern flat rationalism). He strives for true knowledge of nature through contact with life - it is not without reason that, conjuring spirits with the help of a magic book, he chooses the Spirit of the Earth “closer” to him. A stormy genius, in short. Traditional motifs of folk books and puppet comedy: an ironic review of science in Faust’s first monologue, an alliance with Mephistopheles, the figure of Faust’s limited, diligent and self-satisfied student - Wagner, “the miracle of wine.” + the moral and philosophical quest of the poet-sturmer and the social motive that worried many contemporaries - the tragedy of a seduced girl who killed her child (this kind of trial took place in Frankfurt in 1772) + imitation of Shakespeare - rough insert songs (including “ Song about a flea), alternating poetic and prose scenes, sometimes deliberately crude (a feast in the Auerbach tavern).
As we worked on the second part, scenes appeared that not only filled in the gaps in the coherent development of the plot (the appearance of M. in the form of a poodle, the witch’s kitchen), but also were fundamentally important for the overall philosophical concept: the prologue in the sky and the contract scene, creating a kind of semantic frame not only the first, but also the future second part.
Faust begins with a poetic introduction.
Theatrical introduction(prologue) leads behind the scenes of the theater, where the Theater Director, Poet and Comedian talk about the tasks of theatrical spectacle, the mission of art and the artist. Each judges from the standpoint of his profession: The director looks at the theater as a commercial enterprise, the Poet as high art, aimed at posterity, Comedian - as a quick and effective response to requests modern viewer who needs to be shown and explained in a concentrated form own life. All three points of view are valid. This is a warning about the complexity and ambiguity of life. Shows what the performance will be like.
Prologue in Heaven: characters God, Mephistopheles, angels. The Lord and Mephistopheles argue about man: does man spoil his own life? M. and God are symbolic images.
M. – skeptic of the 18th century, a symbol of denial. God is a good-natured old man. A picture of the peaceful coexistence of God and M., in contrast to the world, where there is a sharp distinction between evil and good. God singles out F. as a person in whom all of humanity can be represented. And the observation of F begins.
God considers man's contradictions to be good. God needs M. in order for him to slow down a person, force him to act, because. a state of calm and satisfaction deprives a person of action. Denial forces a person to act. The theme of the work is the test of man in general in the person of Faust. His wanderings are allowed from above.
Historical plan of the work: 1) timeless - prologue in the sky, 2) antiquity - 2nd part, 3) 16th century - 1st part. For what? F. a symbol of a person in general? could live in different times and do different things.
Part I. F.’s long monologue about how his life was in vain, he learned everything, but the secrets of the universe remained inaccessible to him. Resorts to magic, summons a spirit, but cannot keep it? understands that there is a barrier to human knowledge. Wants to drink poison.
Scene 2 – Easter festivities. Contrast between F. and Wagner. V. – limited complacency. When a black poodle appears, F. immediately senses something wrong, but V. does not. Start of action. F. brings the poodle home. He sits down to translate the Holy Scriptures (we remember that the Bible was translated into German in the 16th century). He agonizes over the verse “In the beginning was the Word.” Looks for options - thought, force, deed (the fact is that the Greek word “logos” has all these meanings). Stops at the word “business”? action as the fundamental principle of human existence. Then the poodle turns into Mephistopheles, a conversation takes place between them, and after a while (not at their first meeting) they enter into an agreement. Please note: F. needs from M. not just momentary pleasures, but the very opportunity to exhaust his desires, “stop the moment,” recognizing it as beautiful, and thereby put a limit to the aspirations of his spirit. F. decides to experience all the joys and sorrows, all of existence.
In Part I, fantasy is combined with life-likeness. Walpurgisnacht (popular beliefs) and Margarita (philistine drama) come together.
Part II – many images associated with antiquity. It is generally permeated with symbolism, allegories, mythological images and associations. characters are symbols of general ideas. The fantastic element here becomes dominant. The “small world” of earthly human relations of the first part is replaced by “ Big world", macrocosm: history (antiquity and the Middle Ages) and the cosmic scope of nature. Here there is “science fiction” with a satirical overtone (the little man Homunculus, drawn by Wagner in a flask, leading scientific disputes with M.) and the problem of synthesis artistic culture two eras - an allegorical marriage of the Greek Helen, symbolizing antique art, perfect beauty, and Faust - the embodiment of modern times, the birth and death of their son - the beautiful young man Euphorion, in whom contemporaries unmistakably recognized Byron (however, some comrades say that Byron is not the main thing here, and I won’t write what is most important, because very difficult).
This part is F.’s path from individual self-affirmation through a crisis to a broader social activities. Having received from the emperor a coastal strip of barren land as a reward for his victory, he dreams of protecting it from floods and cultivating it for the benefit of people. In this he sees the goal and meaning of his life, the dying highest satisfaction with what he has achieved. But F. develops the land in his own way, he destroys nature (linden trees) and culture (small chapel), the home of Philemon and Baucis. In this, a certain scientist Copradi sees the accession new form labor, the victim of which is nature (know this point of view!)
Angels take F.'s soul to heaven: saved because life has passed in activity, his “stopped moment” will actually last for eternity. The business he has conceived goes beyond a single human life. In the last monologue there is the apotheosis of F. But the same Copradi believes that F. did not deserve salvation, God simply forgave him out of mercy. After all, the death of Gretchen, Philemon and Baucis, Valentine cannot be crossed out, and only Divine mercy, forgiveness and oblivion of guilt amnesty the perpetrator.
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