Social and moral problems of Oblomov's novel. The history of the creation of the novel "Oblomov"
What are the main issues in Goncharov's novel "Oblomov"? and got the best answer
Answer from Izpepla[guru]
I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is a socio-psychological work that describes human life from all sides. The main character of the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. This is a middle-class landowner who has his own family estate. From an early age he got used to being a gentleman thanks to the fact that he had someone to give and do, which is why in later life he became a slacker. The author showed all the vices of his character and even exaggerated them in some places. In his novel, Goncharov gives a broad generalization of “Oblomovism” and explores the psychology of a fading person. Goncharov touches on the problem of “extra people,” continuing the works of Pushkin and Lermontov on this topic. Like Onegin and Pechorin, Oblomov did not find use for his powers and found himself unclaimed.
Oblomov’s laziness is primarily due to his inability to comprehend the task assigned to him. He might even have started working if he had found something to do for himself, but for this, of course, he would have had to develop under slightly different conditions than in which he developed. But the vile habit of receiving satisfaction of his desires not from his own efforts, but from others, developed moral slavery in him. This slavery is so intertwined with Oblomov’s lordship that it seems there is not the slightest possibility of drawing a line between them. This moral slavery of Oblomov is perhaps the most curious side of his personality and his entire history. Oblomov’s mind had been so formed since childhood that even Oblomov’s most abstract reasoning had the ability to dwell on at this moment and then not leave this state, despite any beliefs. Oblomov, of course, could not comprehend his life and therefore was burdened and bored by everything he had to do. He served - and could not understand why these papers were being written; Having not understood, I couldn’t find anything better than to resign and not write anything. He studied and did not know what science could serve him for; not recognizing this, he decided to put the books in a corner and indifferently watch as dust covered them. He went out into society and could not explain to himself why people came to visit; without explaining, he abandoned all his acquaintances and began to lie on his sofa all day long. He was bored and disgusted with everything, and he lay on his side, with complete conscious contempt for the “ant work of people”, killing themselves and fussing about God knows what...
His laziness and apathy are the creation of his upbringing and surrounding circumstances. The main thing here is not Oblomov, but “Oblomovism”. In his present situation, he could not find anything he liked anywhere, because he did not understand the meaning of life at all, and could not reach a reasonable view of his relationships with others. Oblomov’s principle lives in Zakhara, and in the hero’s visits, and in the life of the widow Pshenitsyna.
Zakhar is a reflection of his owner. He doesn't like to do anything, he only likes to sleep and eat. Most often we see him on the couch, and the main excuse for taking any action was: “What, did I just come up with this? »
Oblomov’s guests are also not accidental. Volkov is a social dandy, a dandy; Sudbinsky is Oblomov’s colleague who has been promoted; Penkin is a successful writer; Alekseev is a faceless man. Oblomov could have been a social dandy, like Volkov (but women liked him, even very much) beautiful women, but he alienated them from himself), could serve and rise to high ranks, like Sudbinsky, could become a writer, like Penkin (Stolz, bringing him books to read, turned Oblomov to poetry. Oblomov found delight in poetry...), and faceless Alekseev tells us that a choice can still be made.
The novel by I. Goncharov is the greatest literary monument of the second half of the 19th century. This work reflects not only the usual life of a person of that time, but also his worldview, thoughts, suffering, in a word, life itself! The problems in the novel “Oblomov” are so significant that it becomes necessary to talk about them again and again. Everything is very ambiguous and deep.
Goncharov "Oblomov". Problems of the novel
The origins of Ilya Ilyich’s worldview are very remarkable and have their own roots. The chapter “Oblomov’s Dream” shows the reasons for the deep spiritual slumber from which he suffered main character. The name for this is “Oblomovism”. This terrible word is interpreted in the work as a subconscious reluctance to live, develop activities, strive for high results and achievements.
Perhaps the hero’s character was formed as a result of being overly cared for in childhood, but this care turned out to be detrimental to development and gradually limited his mind and heart. If the weather was inclement, then his mother and father not only did not let him go out into the yard for a walk, but also did not send him to study “with the German” that day. Such excessive care gradually turned the boy into a pampered creature, not adapted to anything. He was afraid of the cold and any illness and spent a lot of time at home.
Life and lifestyle
Oblomov’s problems in the novel “Oblomov” are not immediately visible to the reader, but are gradually revealed as the main character of the story begins to realize them. Ilya Ilyich lives as if in a deep sleep: he does not care about his surroundings, he does not want to be active social life- he finds her boring. At first he still went out to visit, and then he got tired of the evenings. Soon he quit serving in the department, as it made him sad. At some point, Oblomov decided that the fortune he had was enough for him, and there was no need to work anymore - he did not find it necessary.
The hero's normal state is lying down. He rests not from physical or mental fatigue, but simply because he does not know any other way of life. This is the norm for him. Ilya Ilyich looks for meaning in every action and, before making any movement, thinks through its usefulness in advance. He gets tired quickly and is tired of small talk. The soul yearns for something sublime, the poets “touched him to the quick.” The main character can be called an overly tender and impressionable nature. The problems of the work “Oblomov” are piercing and deep: when you read, a feeling of empathy arises, but not condemnation.
Friendship theme
Despite his certain detachment and isolation, Oblomov has his only close friend - Andrei Stolts. They became close in childhood, when they studied together at the gymnasium. However, having reached adulthood, one became an important influential person, while the other remained a naive child who is trying to hide from life everywhere. Oblomov's problems in the novel "Oblomov" are revealed one after another, but gradually, more and more intriguing and bewitching the reader.
Despite the obvious contrast of views, Ilya Ilyich loves Andrei very much and is sincerely attached to him. And Stolz is ready to help his friend in any case and has helped him out more than once in difficult situations. The character of one complements the personality of the other. They are both individuals, self-sufficient and sincere.
Unmatched feeling
The problem of love occupies a special place in Oblomov. With the appearance of Olga Ilyinskaya, it seemed that the hero’s life was about to change. At some point, a movement towards change really began in him: he began to go to visit Olga, stayed there for a long time, and he and the girl walked in the garden, listened to “Casta Diva”. But then everything stopped and froze: Oblomov again lay down on his favorite sofa, allowing himself to sleep after lunch and at any other time. I remember very well the episode when the hero had to go to the young lady, but he said he was sick and stayed at home. Why did it happen? Perhaps Oblomov considered himself unworthy of the love of a girl like Olga, and he lacked self-confidence.
It must have been so difficult for him to believe that he could be truly loved that he simply did not wait for confirmation of this truth. Or maybe the whole point is that the young lady did not want to accept the hero for who he is? As much as Olga cherished her own fantasies, she loved Ilya Ilyich. Let us remember that the girl dreamed of changing him, she even made plans for how he would be transformed, which means that she was not satisfied with Oblomov’s previous image. True love is far from such aspirations. It is for this reason that the tender, sublime feeling that so suddenly flared up between them, fanned by the sweet melody of “Casta Diva,” did not find support for development in reality.
Attitude to work
Oblomov’s problems in the novel “Oblomov” affect all areas of human life. Any activity that did not correspond to Ilya Ilyich’s inner impulses was disgusting to him. In fact, he would be much more willing to devote a day to rest than to go on a visit just because there he can meet influential people and make useful connections.
Pointless activities did not inspire him. If there was no such object that excited his attention in time, then the hero’s endless sleep continued, only occasionally interrupted by something interesting. This is where the main problem of the work lies. It was not illness that destroyed Oblomov, but a genuine reluctance to live.
Search for the meaning of life
This is how Ilya Ilyich was designed, that his soul was constantly looking for an invisible source of inspiration. He perceived going to work as hard labor and soon left it. But even while at home, he did not find anything important for himself, did not occupy his imagination with anything, which in fact required intense inner thought from him. Not finding a lofty idea that could serve for years, the hero's mind became bored and gradually began to focus on sleep. Ilya Ilyich fell asleep not only physically, but also did not awaken in soul for a long time. The problems in the novel “Oblomov” are truly pressing; they make you think about a lot. The novel will be especially useful to read for those people who, in adulthood, are still looking for their unique path.
Thus, Oblomov’s problems in the novel “Oblomov” are treated with extreme skill. The literary talent that I. Goncharov possessed gave birth to a wonderful work that does not lose its relevance today.
Introduction
The novel “Oblomov” was written by Goncharov in the mid-19th century - during a turning point for serf Russia, marked by rapid political, economic and social changes. In the work, the writer raised not just sensitive topics for that era, but also raised eternal questions regarding the goal human life and the meaning of human existence. The problematics of Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” cover various social, psychological and philosophical topics, revealing the deep ideological essence of the work.
Social issues
The main problems of Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” are related to central theme works - “Oblomovism”. The author portrays it, first of all, as a social phenomenon, tendentious for a whole layer of Russian landowners who remain faithful to the old traditions of their family and archaic, patriarchal way of life feudal era. “Oblomovism” is becoming an acute vice of Russian society, brought up on morals and concepts based on the use of the labor of other people - serfs, as well as the cultivation of the ideals of a carefree, lazy, idle life.
A prominent representative of “Oblomovism” is the main character of the novel, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, raised in an old landowner family in the distant village of Oblomovka, bordering Asia. The remoteness of the estate from Europe and the new civilization, “mothballing” in the usual, measured time and existence, reminiscent of half-asleep - it is through Oblomov’s dream that the author portrays Oblomovshchina to the reader, thus recreating the very atmosphere of calm and tranquility close to Ilya Ilyich, bordering on laziness and degradation, characterized by dilapidated estates, old furniture, etc.
In the novel, “Oblomovism”, as a native Russian phenomenon inherent in Russian landowners, is contrasted with European activity, constant independent work, continuous learning and personal development. The bearer of new values in the work is Oblomov’s friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts. Unlike Ilya Ilyich, who, instead of solving his problems on his own, is looking for a person who can do everything for him, Stolz himself creates paths in his life. Andrei Ivanovich has no time to dream and build castles in the air - he confidently moves forward, knowing how to get what he needs in life through his own labor.
Social and psychological problems of “Oblomov”
Question of national character
Most researchers define the novel “Oblomov” as a socio-psychological work, which is due to the peculiarities of the problems revealed in the book. Touching upon the topic of “Oblomovism,” Goncharov could not avoid questions national character, based on the differences and similarities between the Russian and European mentalities. It is no coincidence that Oblomov, a bearer of the Russian mentality and Russian values, brought up on national fairy tales, is contrasted with the practical and hard-working Stolz, born into the family of a Russian bourgeois woman and a German entrepreneur.
Many researchers characterize Stolz as a kind of machine - a perfect automated mechanism that works for the sake of the work process itself. However, the image of Andrei Ivanovich is no less tragic than the image of Oblomov, who lives in a world of dreams and illusions. If Ilya Ilyich from childhood was instilled with only single-minded “Oblomov” values, which became the leading ones for him, then for Stolz, the values received from his mother, similar to “Oblomov’s”, were overwhelmed by European, “German” values instilled by his father. Andrei Ivanovich, like Oblomov, is not a harmonious personality in which Russian soulfulness and poetry could be combined with European practicality. He is constantly looking for himself, trying to understand the purpose and meaning of his life, but does not find them, as evidenced by Stolz’s attempts throughout his life to become closer to Oblomov as a source of primordially Russian values and peace of mind, which he lacked in life.
The problem of the “extra hero”
The following socio-psychological problems in the novel “Oblomov” arise from the problem of depicting national character - the problem extra person and the problem of a person’s self-identification with the time in which he lives. Oblomov is a classic superfluous hero in the novel, the society around him is alien to him, it is difficult for him to live in a rapidly changing world, completely different from his native quiet Oblomovka. Ilya Ilyich seems to be mired in the past time - even when planning the future, he still sees it through the prism of the past, wanting the future to be the same as his past was, namely, similar to his childhood years in Oblomovka. At the end of the novel, Ilya Ilyich gets what he wants - the atmosphere reigning in Agafya’s house seems to take him back to childhood, where his dear, loving mother constantly pampered him and protected him from all sorts of shocks - it is not surprising that Agafya is very similar to Oblomov’s women.
Philosophical issues
Love theme
In the novel “Oblomov,” Goncharov touches on a number of eternal philosophical issues that are still relevant today. Presenter philosophical theme The work is the theme of love. Revealing the relationship between the characters, the author depicts several types of love. The first is a romantic, filled with high feeling and inspiration, but fleeting relationship between Olga and Oblomov. The lovers idealized each other, creating in their imagination distant, different real people images. In addition, Olga and Oblomov had different understandings of the essence of love - Ilya Ilyich saw love for a girl in distant adoration, inaccessibility, and the unreality of their feelings, while Olga perceived their relationship as the beginning of a new, real path. For the girl, love was closely connected with duty, obliging her to pull Ilya Ilyich out of the “swamp” of Oblomovshchina.
The love between Oblomov and Agafya appears completely different. Ilya Ilyich’s feelings were more like the love of a son for his mother, while Agafya’s feelings were an unconditional adoration for Oblomov, similar to the blind adoration of a mother ready to give everything to her child.
Goncharov reveals the third type of love using the example of the family of Stolz and Olga. Their love arose on the basis of strong friendship and complete trust in each other, but over time, the sensual, poetic Olga begins to realize that their stable relationship still lacks that great all-encompassing feeling that she felt next to Oblomov.
The meaning of human life
The main problem of the novel "Oblomov", covering all the topics discussed above, is the question of the meaning of human life, complete happiness and the method of achieving it. In the work, none of the heroes finds true happiness - not even Oblomov, who at the end of the work supposedly receives what he has dreamed of all his life. Through the veil of a falling asleep, degrading consciousness, Ilya Ilyich simply could not understand that the path of destruction cannot lead to true happiness. Stolz and Olga cannot be called happy either - despite family well-being and a quiet life, they continue to chase something important, but elusive, which they sensed in Oblomov, but were never able to catch.
Conclusion
The questions revealed do not exhaust the ideological depth of the work, but only represent a brief analysis of the problems of Oblomov. Goncharov does not give specific answers to the question: what is a person’s happiness: in a constant striving forward or in measured calm? The author only brings the reader closer to solving this eternal dilemma, the correct way out of which, perhaps, is the harmony of the two leading principles in our lives.
Work test
Always look at the hearts
fellow citizens If you find them
calm and peace, then say
you can truly say: everything
blessed.
A. Radishchev
The novel "Oblomov" was written in
the junction of two eras, two historical structures
life - patriarchal landowner and
bourgeois. Perhaps initially this
the novel and was intended as a generalized
biography of an inactive, apathetic,
fading landowner class on
a separate example. But the concepts of “bummers” and
“Oblomovism” became a household word. Oblo-
Movshchina is apathy, submissive apathy, peace-
naya, smiling, without any desire to get out
inaction. It existed in the era of fortress
sternism still exists in our time, unless
that with some variations. Moreover,
in each of us lives our own bummer, about which
sometimes we don’t even realize it.
The main character of the novel, Ilya Ilyich Oblo-
mov - master. He lives on Gorokhovaya Street,
which indicates that he belongs to the aristocratic
cratic society. Little corresponds
however, the concept of “aristocratism” is internal
early decoration of his rooms: “On the walls...
a cobweb filled with dust, grains,
kala... could serve... as tablets for
writing notes on them in the dust on pa-
crush." The owner of this apartment is Oblomov -
a man not in his early youth - “about thirty years old”
"Two or three." In the past he tried to
live, but now not only has he moved away from all sorts of
affairs, but is also unable to return to them. Ilya
Ilyich lies on the sofa all day long. How
says the author, “lying with Ilya Ilyich would-
"It was normal." Oblomov
belongs to what he inherited
the village of Oblomovka, which is being robbed by the management
barking. Oblomov himself didn’t even lift a finger.
orders to put an end to this. After all
for this you need to go to Oblomovka, and for ba-
Rina, this is backbreaking work. The second reason
is that Oblomov simply does not believe that he
They're stealing, he can't believe it.
He has a kind, pure soul, to which
all falsehood, lies and hypocrisy. Not in vain
Stolz says about him: “This is crystal,
transparent soul; there are few such people, they
rare, these are pearls in the crowd!”
Little by little we begin to...
for anyone else to perceive Oblomov, we are no longer
His constant lying is annoying. About-
Lomov is lazy? Yes, but he is smart, he has a clean
soul and some rare calmness, peace
creation, serenity. He doesn't tell anyone
barks nothing bad, as well as good
her. Oblomov is completely undemanding; to him
His corner and the sofa are quite enough. Let
they talk around, even argue, only
would not be required of him to talk or
disputes. He loves to sleep, loves to eat, but not
tolerates greed, hospitable, but on a visit
doesn't like to walk. He doesn't do anything and doesn't...
what he doesn't want to do. His desires manifested
are in the form: “wouldn’t it be nice if this could be done?”
it sucked." But I don’t know how this can happen
et. Oblomov loves to dream, but he is scared
any contact between dreams and reality
ness. Here he tries to blame the matter on
someone or at random. The reason for my pass-
Oblomov explains the intensity and apathy in different ways:
talking to Zakhar: “You know all this, you saw it,
that I was brought up tenderly, that I am neither cold nor hot
I never endured hunger, I didn’t know the need,
ba didn’t earn money for himself and in general was a black de-
I didn’t do any scrapping.”
Oblomov really had no security
a comfortable childhood, in which one must look for
the ranks of his present laziness. Little Ilya-
Sha grew up in a noble family. Parents re-
fed him like a young baron, did not allow him
to what job? “I have never pulled myself
stockings on his feet,” recalls Oblomov poses
same. As a child, Ilyusha was inquisitive,
but they tried with all their might to protect him from
falls, from bruises, from colds and in general from
life. He was constantly told what to do
nothing is needed, the servants will do everything. Yes and how
was to doubt this truth if he was born
teachers and grandfathers considered labor to be the greatest teacher
testimony and tried to get rid of him.
The Oblomovs had their own philosophy of life
fiy, which boiled down to food and sleep.
paints this dream very colorfully, not really
a dream, but some kind of sleepy kingdom, obligatory
for all. Day after day passes so aimlessly
during the day. In the evenings, the nanny read to Oblomov about
Ilya-Muromets, who spent thirty-three
years, doing nothing, about Emel the fool, who
ry only drove the stove. This way of life
nor was laid in Oblomov since childhood. Pos-
he gave it an ideological justification,
according to which the state of “rest and relaxation”
which" is generally a "poetic ideal
life" and we must strive for it no matter what
conditions. And yet Oblomov is not stupid, but
tic nature. The habit of achieving satisfaction
satisfying your desires without the cost of your own
efforts, and at the expense of others developed
there is apathy in him. Oblomov, it is quite possible
bestows, but no one knows about it, in fact
including himself. I think he shouldn't be accused
No, it’s more likely to be regretted. Perhaps, according to
rays he has the same upbringing as Stolz,
he would be able to achieve a lot in life. Av-
Thor himself feels sorry for his hero. This can be done by
feel in the memories of him Stol-
tsa: “And he was no more stupid than others, his soul is pure
and clear as glass; noble, gentle, and -
gone!” .
Oblomov's tragedy is that he cannot
He doesn’t and doesn’t want to live any other way. It was tried by spa-
STI, awaken Stolz and Olga to life,
but nothing came of it. Even people
Olga’s god was unable to revive him to life.
First, when Olga took up Oblomov
only as patients entrusted to her care,
the main importance for her was. healing
Oblomov. At first glance this is a treatment
gave a positive result. Oblomov
got up at seven in the morning, stopped lying on
couch, traveled from the city to the dacha, performed
Olga's instructions. But even then Oblomov
I realized that “even in love there is no peace.” Then this one
the game has turned into something more, girl
fell in love with Oblomov. Here it is necessary to say no-
so many words about Olga. Listening to the story
Stolz about Oblomov, a girl in her imagination
expression created a certain ideal, which
Oblomov had to correspond to rum
and to which she sought to fit him.
Yes, Ilya Ilyich had spiritual qualities,
which Olga liked, but this was too small
lo. When Olga fell in love with Oblomov and post-
turned him into the center of her interests, then they
together we should have realized the inevitability
marriage and prepare for it. For this purpose
Lomov should first of all have been brought
get your property affairs in order. Pro-
you can't do anything with dreams, you have to
but work. But habitual passivity is
stayed in Oblomov stronger than love. He became
avoid meetings with Olga, explaining this
the need to maintain decency. Yours
he motivates the reluctance to go to the dacha
the impossibility of separation from his beloved and
thereby deceiving the girl. Olga pre-
understands all this clearly. She is no longer
hopes that Oblomov “may still live”
she understands that he “died a long time ago.” At
last meeting with Olga Ilya Ilyich,
by the will of the author, he himself pronounces this fatal
the word "Oblomovism". Now you can enter it
invest both social and moral
meaning. Oblomovism is a vice that
the hero is unable to overcome. Now already
there is no hope for revival. Oblomov ob-
spoken His subsequent life is only
confirms this. He settled in a bourgeois
Pshenitsyna's house and lives under the authority
Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov. Here he is not only
returns to his old habits,
but also plunges into primitive philistine
everyday life People around him treat him differently
relate. Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov are trying -
trying to get more money out of him, and Pshe-
Nitsyna sees him as an object of her concern.
Oblomov gradually physically and spiritually
fades away.
Despite the fact that the action in the novel
occurs in a certain period of time -
However, the novel itself must be understood much more broadly.
After all, Oblomovism is not only social
way of life, this is a way of life, which in some
to a certain extent still exists today.
Lesson 1
Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov (1812 – 1891)
The main stages of life and creativity.
The purpose of the lesson: acquaintance with the writer’s biography and the main milestones of his work. Introduction to the novel “Oblomov” and its structural analysis
Equipment : portrait of I. A. Goncharov by I. A. Goncharov’s friend N. A. Maykov; Sample tables that students will complete.
Personal UUD: Self-prepared messages (including from the Internet);Actions of moral and ethical assessment through identifying the moral content and moral significance of the characters’ actions;Self-determination and self-knowledge based on comparison of “I” with heroes literary works through emotional-effective identification;
Regulatory UUD Compilationchronological tablebased on materials from students and teachers; making changes to your own answers, repeating the wording of literary terms. Preliminary work above messages about the novel “Oblomov”. Historical and literary sources of information.
Communicative UUD : Planning educational cooperation with teacher and peers
During the classes.
Design of notebooks.
Epigraphs:
In Goncharov's talent main role
plays "elegance and subtlety
brushes", "fidelity to the drawing",
predominance of artistic
thought and judgment .
V. G. Belinsky
Plan.
1. Biographical and creative information. (speaks a student who has prepared a message about the life and work of the writer in advance)
Acquaintance with the biography of I. A. Goncharov. (Messages from students and teachers with students simultaneously compiling a chronological table.)
« An ordinary story "(worked for about 10 years);Started " Oblomov »
July 1849
Simbirsk with relatives
Thought " "Cliff"
Summer 1852
Sailing on the frigate "Pallada"
Book of essays " Frigate « Pallas"
1855
Senior Censor
1857 (about 2 months)
Treatment at the foreign resort of Marienbad
Seven weeks writes "Oblomov"
1859
« Oblomov" in No. 1 – 4 “Contemporary”
5 years
Council of the Main Directorate for Press Affairs
1868
Resignation
1869
« Break"(20 years of work)
1891
He burned autographs of works. Death.
2) general characteristics novel "Oblomov".
Teacher's message.
In 1852 . novel published"Oblomov" who glorified the name of Goncharov. With this novel, the writer showed what a detrimental influence feudal orders had on life, culture, and science. We see how the conditions of landowner life and noble upbringing give rise to apathy, lack of will, and indifference in the hero. The writer showed Oblomov’s path to realizing his worthlessness, insolvency, and the collapse of his personality. Through the images of Oblomov and Zakhar, Goncharov convinces that serfdom spiritually devastates a person, depriving him of his will and aspirations.
Roman "Oblomov": (students make notes in notebooks)
1) main topic novel - the fate of a generation searching for its place in society, but unable to find the right path.
2) The ideological orientation of the novel was determined by the writer himself: “I tried to show in Oblomov how and why our people turn before their time into... jelly.”
Also Goncharov raises questions in the novel about true friendship, love, about humanism, about the equality of women, about true happiness, condemns noble romanticism.
3 ) Part 1 of the novel ineffective (Oblomov lies on the sofa and refuses visitors calling him to Peterhof), but it showsOblomov's evolution: childhood with the inculcation of the idea of exclusivity, studying at a boarding school, but could not serve, dreams of traveling). In Oblomov, a living mind, purity, kindness, meekness, humanity towards inferiors, a tendency to introspection and self-criticism, and a sense of justice are ruined. But Oblomov does not feel the need to develop them in himself. This is evidenced by his"mental » reform plan in Oblomovka, expressing the infantilism and archaic nature of his views on life. It is clear that Oblomov depends on Zakhar more than Zakhar and the other serfs depend on him.
4) At the same time, Oblomov’s ideals help him seenegative aspects of the new bourgeois way of life . Unlike Stolz, who is driven by the desire for personal success through work, Oblomov, who already has everything thanks to his origin and position, insistently demands that he be shown the meaning of work, the meaning and incentives for spending energy. He considers Oblomovka’s ideal an unshakable norm. For Stolz, the norm is the business bourgeois life of St. Petersburg, so he does not criticize it.
5) At the end of the 1st part Goncharov poses the question: what will win in Oblomov - the vital, active principles or the sleepy "Oblomovism"?
6) In the 2nd, 3rd parts describes Russian-GermanStolz's education , the struggle of 2 national principles, the result was a strong and harmonious personality. Despite mutual differences, Stolz is able to understand Oblomov. This is the type new era, activecommoner . He repeatedly tries to revive Oblomov, to return him to active life. Oblomov understands the importance of changes in life, but he is afraid of these changes, afraid of movement and activity.
In the struggle of motives - to unite withOlga and live a meaningful life or move away from Olga and find the desired peace - the latter wins. Oblomovism turned out to be stronger than love.
So Oblomov finds refuge in the widow’s housePshenitsyna. Gradually, Stolz's ebullient energy breaks down against Oblomov's immobility and indifference.
7) 4 – I’m part of the novel is dedicated to the description of "Vyborg Oblomovism " Oblomov, having married Pshenitsyna, sinks even further, goes into hibernation, and thenis dying and physically.
In the image of Oblomov, Goncharov brilliantly combinedsocial generalization with the image of an individualized personality. Oblomov entered the gallerythe best images of world literature , and his name became a household name. Goncharovsky Oblomov is not like the landowners depicted by Gogol, Turgenev and others. There is no despotism or cruelty in him. On the contrary, hemeek , thankful . But, nevertheless, he evokes a negative attitude towards himself. The writer did not remain impartial: while treating the hero with sympathy, he at the same time condemned, exposed him, and pronounced a verdict on Oblomovism.
8) Composition of the novel fully matches the idea novel: to show the conditions that give rise to laziness and apathy, to trace how a person gradually fades away, turning into a dead soul.All actions revolve around Main character -Ilya Ilyich Oblomov . He unites everyone around him characters. There is little action in the novel (especially in the 1st part). Oblomov mainlylies on the sofa, which is determined ideological plan writer. The writer's entire attention is focused on the finest finishing of the characters.
9) The setting of the novel – Petersburg (only in chapter 9 “Oblomov’s Dream” the action is moved to Oblomovka).
10) Exposure make up Part 1 of the novel And first two chapters of part 2 . The writer needs such a large exposition in order to more fully show the conditions in which Oblomov was formed as a person, in order to trace his evolution.
11 ) IN 3 and 5 ch. 2nd part the knot of the event is tied - Oblomov’s acquaintance with Olga, the emerging love constitutesthe beginning .
12) Chapters 6-11 of this part - development of action . Oblomov’s feeling for Olga is growing stronger, but he doubts whether he can give up laziness, as we learn from his letter to Olga.
13) Climax – Chapter 12 of the 2nd part . Ilya Ilyich declared his love to Olga. But he cannot sacrifice his peace, which leads to a quickrupture . Dedicated to this11 – 12 chapters of the 3rd part , which make updenouement . They show Oblomov's insolvency and bankruptcy.
14 ) IN 4th part – further decline of the hero. He finds ideal living conditions for himself in Pshenitsyna’s house. He again lies on the sofa in a robe all day long. The hero suffers a final downfall. Thispostposition (fast…< после – приставка, обозначающая: следующий после чего – л., вслед за чем–нибудь).
15 ) Shown in parallelrelationships Stolz and Olga .
16 ) IN epilogue (chapter 11 of the 4th part) Goncharov talks aboutof death Oblomov. This chapter explains the meaning of “Oblomovism.”
Thus , showing the consistent decline of Oblomov, his transformation into a “dead soul”, Goncharov showed the main character in the moments of ups and downs, revealing himfighting with myself . And all this is given in vivid pictures of life, while the author’s reasoning is reduced to a minimum.
(during the teacher’s lecture, students fill out table No. 2)
3. Summing up the lesson, answering questions, grading.
Sample questions:
Origin of the writer? (merchant family)
How many brothers and sisters did I.A. have? (1 brother and 2 sisters)
Who was the godfather and friend of the Goncharov family? (Tregubov)
His profession? (Marine officer)
Love for what raised Tregubov into a future writer? (to sea)
Who did I.A. meet in 1832 at Moscow University? (Pushkin)
In what city did I.A. spend the working part of his life? (St. Petersburg)
Who did you serve for 16 years? (translator)
Name 3 novels based on “About...” written by Goncharov.
Who responded positively to the novels? (L. N. Tolstoy, Belinsky, Dobrolyubov, Druzhinin, Turgenev)
What kind of journey did I.A. make on the frigate “Pallada”? (around the world)
Where is I. A. Goncharov buried? (Alexandrovo - Nevsky Lavra)
How many parts are there in the novel "Oblomov"? (4)
Novel idea? (how a person gradually fades away, turning into a dead soul)
How does Stolz’s upbringing differ from Oblomov’s upbringing? (Russian-German)
The heroine of the novel? (Olga Ilyinskaya)
4. Home. exercise: 1) Chapters 1 – 10, individual assignments:
– Who is I. I. Oblomov (portrait, apartment, interior; problems that brought the hero out of balance). (According to Chapter 1)
Techniques for characterizing Manilov (“Dead Souls”, Chapter 2) and Oblomov:
a) portrait;
b) room furnishings;
c) personality is revealed through the things that surround him.
Who is Zakhar? His character, attitude towards Oblomov. Responsibilities of Zakhar. What is Zakhar’s ideological and compositional role in the novel? Why do Oblomov and Zakhar quarrel? (1, 7-8,10 chapters)
Parade of guests. Tell who they are, from the lesson, relationship with Oblomov, Oblomov’s assessment of their life activity (chapters 2 - 4).
Who is Oblomov? His life in St. Petersburg (past) (5 chapters)
Oblomov’s education, his attitude to science. Attitude to the estate, economic issues. (Chapter 6)
Chapter 9 “Oblomov’s Dream” Description of Oblomovka. Seven-year-old Oblomov in his parents’ house. Daily routine, attitude of loved ones, perception of the surrounding world; parents' activities. Elementary education.
- Parade of guests:
- Volkov:
his “spiritual” passion
Why in the descriptionVolkova prevail concrete action verbs? Find them.
Sudbinsky.
Why this hero could easily “fit” into the galleryGogol's officials? (What is his “spiritual” passion? The meaning of his life? What news did he bring?)
Fiction writer Penkin ? What does he do? What is his “spiritual” passion?
Oblomov's friend – Alekseev. Chapter 2, end of Chapter 4 What Gogol's hero from “Reminds me of Dead Souls? What is told about his last name? What kind of life does he lead?
Tarantiev . 3, 4 chapters. Which Gogol character does it remind you of? How does Goncharov characterize him? What words does he use? Give examples.
Municipal Autonomous educational institution gymnasium No. 6
municipal formation of Novorossiysk
Item: literature
Class: 10 "b"
Subject: Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov (1812 – 1891). Life and creativity (review). Novel "Oblomov". Social and moral issues.
Lesson type : Discovery of new knowledge.