Cold autumn love is stronger than death. AND
Not recognizing the division of literature into prose and lyrics, he created a collection of stories amazing in beauty and tragedy of the world perception " Dark alleys". Insightful and poetic, it would seem, is a simple, dry language, the story of the life of the heroine of the story " Cold autumn". As in the entire collection, here are tightly intertwined with each other two themes: love and death.
Love is perceived by Bunin as the highest gift human destiny... But the purer, more perfect, more beautiful the feeling, the shorter it is. True love always ends in tragedy, for the moments of happiness the heroes pay with longing and pain. A high love experience is associated with the concept of infinity and mystery that a person can only touch.
There is no traditional in the story plot constructions - there is no intrigue in it. The story is easy to retell, but the true meaning of the text is barely perceptible. Bunin does not have causal relationships, everything is based only on sensations, and therefore life is perceived in a pure, undistorted form.
The heroine fondly recalls her youthful love, a feeling of nagging sadness, longing for unfulfilled, unfulfilled happiness is hidden behind her every word. But the death of a beloved is spoken of as something commonplace, the most terrible event in life is presented instantly in a series of events.
Bunin is a subtle psychologist. There is no vivid expression in the text, no open feelings, but behind the external calmness lies a carefully suppressed desire to once again enjoy that breath of happiness that the once cold autumn gave. Callousness says a woman about a series of ridicule of fate. What was her life? She is all concentrated only in that cold autumn evening when happiness was so possible. And then only a string of events and persons. As about something, not exciting, unimportant, the heroine speaks about the hunger that knows no mercy, about the death of her husband, the flight of relatives, the distance of the named daughter. The driest mention is the words about the death of a loved one. The stronger the pain, the more emotions it absorbs, burning out the soul. The unique, lively intonation is associated only with the description of that moment, the "lightning of happiness" that the heroine was fortunate enough to know.
In the text of the story is hidden oxymoron... The hottest, most exciting, tender time is a cold evening. And autumn is a symbol, a time when winter is near, death, oblivion during life. Only the hope of a meeting there, somewhere outside of being and space, everything that supported the existence of the heroine.
- Analysis of the story "Light Breathing"
- "Dark Alleys", analysis of Bunin's story
- A summary of the work of Bunin "Caucasus"
- "Sunstroke", analysis of Bunin's story
Meshcheryakova Nadezhda.
Classic.
Download:
Preview:
Analysis of the story of I. A. Bunin "Cold Autumn".
Before us is the story of I. A. Bunin, which became, among his other works, classical Russian literature.
The writer turns to seemingly ordinary types of human characters in order to reveal the tragedy of an entire era through them, their experiences. Comprehensiveness and accuracy of every word, phrase ( specific traits Bunin stories) manifested themselves especially vividly in the story "Cold Autumn". The name is ambiguous: on the one hand, it is quite specifically called the season when the events of the story unfolded, but in a figurative sense, "cold autumn", like " clean monday"Is a period of time that is most important in the lives of heroes, it is also a state of mind.
The story is told from the perspective of the protagonist.
The historical framework of the story is wide: they cover the events of the First World War, and the revolution that followed, and the post-revolutionary years. All this fell to the lot of the heroine - a blooming girl at the beginning of the story and an old woman close to death at the end. Before us are her memories, similar to a generalizing life outcome. From the very beginning, events of global importance are closely related to the personal fate of the characters: “the war breaks into the sphere of“ peace ”. “… At dinner he was declared my fiance. But on July 19, Germany declared war on Russia ... ". The heroes, anticipating trouble, but not realizing its true scale, still live according to a peaceful regime - calm both internally and externally. “Father left the office and cheerfully announced:“ Well, my friends, war! The Austrian Crown Prince has been killed in Sarajevo! This is war! " - so the war entered the life of Russian families in the hot summer of 1914. But here comes the "cold autumn" - and we see as if the same, but in fact, already different people. Bunin talks about their inner world with the help of dialogues that play a particularly important role in the first part of the work. Behind all the phrases on duty, remarks about the weather, about "autumn", there is a second meaning, subtext, unspoken pain. They say one thing - think about another, speak only for the sake of maintaining a conversation. A completely Chekhovian technique - the so-called "undercurrent". And the fact that the absentmindedness of the father, the diligence of the mother (like a drowning man grasps at a straw), the heroine's indifference are feigned, the reader understands even without the author's direct explanation: “only occasionally they exchanged insignificant words, exaggeratedly calm, hiding their secret thoughts and the senses". Over tea, anxiety grows in the souls of people, an already clear and inevitable premonition of a thunderstorm; the same "fire is rising" - the ghost of war looms ahead. In the face of adversity, secrecy increases tenfold: "It was getting harder and harder in my soul, I responded indifferently." The heavier the inside, the more indifferent the heroes become outwardly, avoiding explanations, as if it’s easier for all of them until the fatal words are spoken, then the danger is foggy, the hope is brighter. It is no coincidence that the hero turns to the past, the nostalgic notes of "The Times of Our Grandfathers and Grandmothers" sound. The heroes yearn for a time of peace, when you can put on a "shawl and a hood" and, embracing, calmly walk after tea. Now this everyday life is crumbling, and the heroes are desperately trying to retain at least the impression, the memory of him, quoting Fet. They notice how the windows "shine" in a completely autumnal way, how the stars "shine minerally" (these expressions acquire a metaphorical coloration). And we see what a huge role the spoken word plays. Until the groom performed the fatal "If they kill me." The heroine did not fully understand all the horror of what was coming. “And the stone word fell” (A. Akhmatova). But, frightened, even thought, she chases her away - after all, her beloved is still nearby. Bunin, with the precision of a psychologist, reveals the souls of the heroes with the help of remarks.
As always, nature plays an important role for Bunin. Starting with the name "Cold Autumn" dominates the narrative, it sounds like a refrain in the words of the characters. Contrasts with internal state people "joyful, sunny, sparkling with frost" morning. Mercilessly "bright and sharp" sparkle "ice stars". As the stars "shine eyes". Nature helps to feel more deeply the drama of human hearts. From the very beginning, the reader already knows that the hero will die, because everything around points to this - and above all the cold is a harbinger of death. "Are you cold?" - asks the hero, and immediately, without any transition: "If they kill me, you ... will not immediately forget me?" He is still alive, and the cold is already blowing on the bride. Premonitions - from there, from another world. “I will be alive, I will forever remember this evening,” he says, and the heroine, as if already knows that she will have to remember, and that is why she remembers the smallest details: “Swiss cape”, “black branches”, head tilt ...
The fact that the main character traits of the hero are generosity, disinterestedness and courage is evidenced by his remark, similar to a poetic line, sounding heartfelt and touching, but without any pathos: "You live, rejoice in the world."
And the heroine? Without any emotion, sentimental lamentations and sobs, she tells her story. But not callousness, but steadfastness, courage and nobility are hidden behind this secrecy. We see the subtlety of feelings from the scene of parting - something that makes her akin to Natasha Rostova, when she was waiting for Prince Andrei. In her story, narrative sentences predominate, she scrupulously, to the smallest detail, describes the main evening of her life. Doesn't say "I was crying", but notes that a friend said: "How bright your eyes are." Speaks of misfortune without self-pity. Describes "sleek hands", "silver nails", "golden laces" of his pupil with bitter irony, but without any malice. In her character, the pride of the emigrant coexists with resignation to fate - is it not the traits of the author himself? Much overlaps in their lives: both the revolution, which he could not accept, and Nice, which could never replace Russia, fell to his lot. The French girl shows the features of the younger generation, a generation without a homeland. Choosing several characters, Bunin reflected great tragedy Russia. Thousands of elegant ladies who have turned into "women in bast shoes". And “people of a rare, beautiful soul”, who put on “worn Cossack zipuns” and lowered their “black beards”. So gradually, following the "ring, cross, fur collar" people lost their country, and the country lost its color and pride. The ring composition of the story closes the circle of the heroine's life: it is time for her to "go", to return. The story begins with a description of the "autumn evening", ends with a recollection of it, and the sad phrase sounds as a refrain: "You live, enjoy the world, then come to me." We suddenly learn that the heroine lived only one evening in her life - that very cold autumn evening. And it becomes clear why in such, in essence, dry, hurry, indifferent tone she talked about everything that happened after - after all, only "unnecessary sleep" all this. The soul died at the same time in the evening, and the woman looks at the remaining years as at someone else's life, "as the soul looks from a height at their abandoned body" (F. Tyutchev). True love according to Bunin - love - a flash, love - a moment - triumphs in this story too. Bunin's love constantly breaks off on the most seemingly bright and joyful note. She is hindered by circumstances - sometimes tragic, as in the story "Cold Autumn". I remember the story "Rus", where the hero really lived, too, for only one summer. And circumstances interfere not by accident - they “stop the moment” until love has vulgarized, not perished, so that “not a slab, not a crucifix,” but the same “shining gaze” full of “love and youth” would be preserved in the heroine's memory. life-affirming beginning, “fervent faith” has been preserved.
Fet's poem runs through the entire story - the same technique as in the story "Dark Alleys".
Goals:
- teaching: to acquaint students with the facts of the biography of I.A. Bunin; to teach expressive and attentive reading of works; to teach literary, linguistic and comparative analysis of works;
- developing: to form readers' interests;
- educational: to foster respect for the creativity of the Russian the writer, to the Russian culture; teach observation, the ability to empathize with heroes.
Lesson type: lesson in assimilating new knowledge.
Equipment: portrait of IA Bunin, texts of the poem "The Last Bumblebee" and the story "Cold Autumn", reproductions of paintings about autumn.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment
II. Declaring the topic and purpose of the lesson
III. Working on the topic of the lesson
1. The teacher's word
- Once I opened a volume of poems by Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, and then his stories, I was amazed at how simple everything described by the author is simple, vivid and realistic. Everything from the world around us came into view of this amazing person, masters of the word: yellow leaf, golden bumblebee, "radiant paw" of a bird, the world is colorless and colorful, incomprehensible and beautiful.
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is a wonderful master of the figurative word, and I would like to convey this word to you.
In our time, when young people have lost interest in reading, they simultaneously lost the ability to fully sympathize and empathize, the desire to think and think, the ability to love and sacrifice.
Bunin's poetry and prose are one of those phenomena of national and world culture that can breathe life into dead souls, make them young and sensitive. For his works are about “eternal, forever the same love of a man and a woman, a child and a mother, eternal sorrow of joy man, about the secret his birth, life death ... "( AND.A. Bunin).
Linguistic analysis of the works of I.A. Bunin will give us an idea of the era, the time in which the author lived; will show his attitude to the events of this time; explain the meaning of some words and concepts; will deepen knowledge of the theory of literature; will give an opportunity to read the subtext of the works.
The reader will become a spectator through the Word.
DS Likhachev wrote that "over all the meanings of individual words in the text, over the text itself, there is always some super-meaning".
The text is the spirit of the era. Before us is the testimony of the artist I.A. Bunina about the land on which he lived, and about the time to which he belonged.
2. Expressive reading of the poem "The Last Bumblebee"
3. Comprehensive analysis of the poem by I. A. Bunin "The Last Bumblebee"
1. Leading tasks
1. Events in Russia and in the life of I.A. Buninav 1916
2. Lexical meaning of words mantle, Tatar, weeds.
2. Work on the text of the poem
Black velvet bumblebee, golden mantle
Mournfully humming with a melodious string,
Why are you flying into human housing
And as if you yearn for me?
Outside the window, the heat is shining, the windowsills are bright,
The serene frying of the last days
Fly, hustle - and in a withered Tatar,
Sleep on a red pillow.
It is not given to you to know the human mind,
That the fields have long been empty
That the gloomy wind will blow away the weeds
Golden dry bumblebee!
Teacher. I. A. Bunin was a singer of Russian nature, its unique beauty. Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky wrote about this gift of his: “His steppe village eye is so grasping, sharp-sighted, that we are like blind people in front of him. Did we know before him that white horses are green under the moon, and their eyes are purple, and black soil is blue, and the stubble is lemon? Where we see only blue and red paint, he sees dozens of halftones. "
The world of nature I.A. Bunin is filled not only with colors, but also with sounds and smells. Philosophical and love themes in his work are connected with the theme of nature. The fragile world of the outgoing autumn beauty of nature and the fragile world around man are presented in the poem "The Last Bumblebee" (1916).
- What feelings did you experience after listening to the poem by I.A. Bunin? Express it in one word. ( Answer options: sadness, sadness, confusion, longing, delight)
- What colors are dominant in the poem? ( Gold, black, yellow, red, grayand dr. )
- What sounds did you hear? ( Bumblebee buzzingthe sound of a string, the rustle of dry grass)
- What does the year the poem was written about - 1916?
- What happened in Russia in 1916? ( See ahead job.)
- What events took place in the life of Buninav in 1916? ( See ahead job.)
(In 1914 the First World War broke out. The writer understood all the horrorand senselessness of this war, unleashed by the oligarchic groupings of various great powers for the sake of their own enrichment. Bunin was outraged by the jingoistic patriotic statements of those writers who advocated "a war to a victorious end."V Russian war caused colossal disasters, devastationand hunger.TO 1916 the tsarist government was forced to introduce a distribution of food to peasant farms to supply the army with foodand industrial cities, production actually stopped, money depreciatedv hundreds of times. The tsarist government completely compromised itself evenv the eyes of the highest aristocracy,a population of large citiesand the half-starved soldiers of the multimillion-strong army almost did not hide their revolutionary sentiments.
Unlike many pro-socialist intellectuals of that time, I.A. Bunin did not believev intelligenceand creativity of the masses. He believed that only the nobilitywith his high culture is capable of ruling Russia. Not understanding the meaning of the revolutionand not recognizing Soviet Russia, Bunin created a narrative-diary "Cursed Days".AND v 1918 left Russia forever. Living abroad, he suffered, feeling the depth of the loss.
But all this will come later. while longing, sometimes unreasonable, makes Bunin throw out his "I"v « The last bumblebee» , which is threatened with oblivion. But most likely, this is a premonition of changes that will affect his homeland. This is a premonition of emigration, a premonition that the old familiar world around the poet is crumbling.and v the poet himself.)
- Explain the meaning of the title of the poem "The Last Bumblebee".
(Word last - one of the favoritesv works of Bunin ("The Last Autumn", "The Last Spring"). This explains the special interest of the writerTo autumn themeand of death.Word last usedv poem three timesand has various shades: associated with death, associated with autumn, dear, leaving, disappearing.
Word bumblebee - outgoing symbolv non-existence of the world.AND if we combine the meaning of two words, then we can say that the name takes on a philosophical sound: deathand oblivionv "Cursed days", the death of a fragile world.)
- Write out the key words from each stanza. Please comment on your choice.
(I stanza : black, bumblebee; golden, mantle; you fly in, why.
Black velvet bumblebee so vividly captured that it feels like he is here,v our room, mournfully hums, hittingv glass. Exact word mournfully , that is sad, sad , conveys the melancholy sound of one stringand despondency, remindsO the fact that the last hot days will soon be replaced by coldand piercing wind.
Epithet black symbolizes death, mourning, foreboding of death. But the use of a poetic epithet golden gives the description of the bumblebee a special solemnity- before us is a regal, majestic image.
Word mantle denotes the piece of clothing that covers the shoulders.V to this stanza, it has a figurative meaning.
The second verse (line) somewhat destroys the festiveness of the first, drawing the theme of autumn,wilting, sadness. Used metaphor melodious string ... We hear the buzzing of a bumblebee thanks to the sounds [h], [w], [h],[s] (assonance). Thus, the author creates the illusion ringing, bright world .
The lyrical hero leads a dialogue with the bumblebee, the hero is not sure long-term human unityand nature, because the bumblebee flies in human housing . AND we understand that their communication there will be short-lived.
II stanza : light, heat; the last days; fly, drive, sleep; a withered Tatar woman.
Lexical meaning of the word Tatar - kind of weed, tartar.
The bright light will soon fade away. The regal beautiful bumblebee will turn into lung, dry bumblebee.A gloomy piercing autumn wind that blows in gusts will throw off the bumblebeewith the red pad of a withered Tatar woman down,v weeds,with royal deathbed — v weed grass. Sov nature is ruled by, replacing each other, then a warm, quivering Life, then Death sweeping away everything in its path.AND we understand that everything is temporaryv in this rapidly changing world.
A prefix on- (fly, whirl) enhances the feeling of the end, death. The thematic series related to death is being replenished with new words: the last days , withered Tatar woman , sleep ... Metaphor on a red pillow transforms a wilted flowerv posthumous bed of a bumblebee. Before our eyes, there is a rupture of two worlds: the natural worldand the world of man.
ІІІ stanza : it is not given to know; the fields are empty; blow awayv weeds; gloomy wind; bumblebee.
Categorical design with infinitive it is not given to know emphasizes the alienation of the human world from the natural world. The poem ceases to be a simple landscape sketch, acquiring a philosophical sound.
Good or bad to know the transience of time,O own death,O oblivion, the theme of which is so unobtrusively supported by the word weeds ? Whatv this realization: a triumph over the crazy world of the bumblebee,whirlingv ignorance of near death, or sadness because of their own powerlessness in the face of the death of all that is beautiful?V bumblebee death no tragedy: bumblebee — and alive,and dead — characterized by one epithet gold . AND ifv on the first line, the author emphasizes the color meaning (the bumblebee folded its wings is not black,a gold), thenv the last line is its qualitative meaning:lovely, dear, carryingv a world of fragile but imperishable beauty. Bumblebeeat Bunin — this isand the author's interlocutor,and exponent of his mood.
Autumn, which Pushkin loved so much, Bunina causes sadness, because the fields have long been empty , and soon life will lose its charm, the cold will beginand gloomy wind will destroy all hope.)
- Define the function of the dash, question mark, and exclamation point.
Dash - compositional: divides the text into two parts: 1st part — life, flight, dreams; 2nd part - sleep, death. Before - life, after - death. Everything that is connected with life is beautiful: black, velvet, golden mantle, light outside the window, bright windowsills, human habitation.
Everything connected with death is sad: humming mournfully, in a withered Tatar woman; the fields were empty; the bumblebee wind blows off the weeds; dry bumblebee.
Interrogative sentences are rhetorical questions addressed to every reader.
An exclamation clause is a statement of some kind of tragedy.
3. For students with a higher level of knowledge (optional)
- The image of the wind in Russian literature (A.S. Pushkin, A.A. Blok, M.A.Bulgakov).
- The image of a dream in literature (N.A.Nekrasov, A.I. Goncharov, F.M.Dostoevsky).
Summing up, we can say that the poem by I.A. Bunin's The Last Bumblebee is one of the finest in Russian poetry.
4. Comprehensive analysis of the story of I. A. Bunin "Cold Autumn" (1944, from the collection "Dark Alleys")
- What genre can the story of I.A. Bunin "Cold Autumn"?
(The story "Cold Autumn" was written by I. A. Buninv 1944 year., v emigration. But most of the story is devoted to the memories of the heroine.O his past (1914). Before us — story-memory, story-elegy, story-past (for the heroine it is more significant than the present).V the story of the past is comprehended through the present,a the present — through the past.Have heroes have no names: there are only he , she , they , we .
Beginning of action -autumn 1914 But the title of the story "Cold Autumn" is not so much because it was autumn,and not even because this is a quote from a poem by A.A. Fet, which sounded from the lips of a loved one:
What a cold autumn!
Put on your shawl hood…
But because the cold autumn -it is the expectation of death. Bunin had a heightened sense of death. He wrote: “WhenI am acquired faithv God? ConceptO God? Feeling God? I think that togetherwith the notionO Of death". Notwith the concept of Life,a with the concept of Death. Bunin was obsessed with the problem of lifeand of death.)
- What artistic technique does the author use in the story?
(The main artistic technique usedv story, - contrast, opposition, antithesis, to which everything is subordinated. The heroine's past is contrastedand present: past — it's “just that cold autumn evening — that's all there wasv life "; the present—Everything we have experienced in 30 years is “an unnecessary dream”.
“A few days of happiness -and the rest of the timeless life. " Homeland — and the whole world. A moment of happiness — and oblivion, death.
The first part of the story is more in length, the second -smaller. The heroine's life was divided into beforeand after: until the death of a loved oneand after his death.
Before -this is a real, true, happy life.V the text tellsO home,O loved onesO beloved.
Before -this is a samovar, a garden, pure ice stars, a kiss, Fet's poems, moonrise, dear friend, a walkand "I will not survive your death."
First part -this is I am , he , we ... This is life. This is significant for the heroine.
After -“They killed him a month laterv Galicia "... Death of the groom, wandering around the citiesand weigh, death of her husband, emigration, memoriesO past life ... This- Death, spiritual death.
Therefore, in the end of life the heroine of the story thinksO of deathwith joy, because he will meet HIM there (“I lived, I was glad, now I’ll come soon”).)
- What is the main conflict in the story?
(The main conflictv story: a few happy days — and the rest of life (wandering, suffering, loneliness).)
- Why is the ending of the story interesting?
(The ending of the story is interesting with the effect of "disappointed expectations". This ending is characteristic of postmodernism (V.O. Pelevin, P.V. Krusanovandetc.)
The heroine believes that she will meet her beloved after death, in another world: "AndI am I believe, I fervently believe: somewhere out there he is waiting for me;with the same loveand youth likev that evening. "
Help to reveal the ideological and emotional content of the textand borrowed verbal images.)
- You write thematic groups words are toponyms.
(Students workwith textv thematic groups.)
1) Place names: Sarajevo, Germany, Russia, Galicia, Moscow, Nice, Serbia, Yekaterinodar, Kuban, Constantinople, Paris. (Opposition: Russia, homeland - abroad.)
2) Microtoponyms: Smolensk Market, Arbat, Madeleine Church.
3) Dates: June of that year (1914), June 15, July 19, 1914, 1912, 1918, 1944.
4) Names famous people: Ferdinand, Fet, Wrangel.
5) Details of Russian life: newspaper, tea room, samovar, shawl, hood, downy shawl, bast shoes, greatcoat, garden, balcony.
6) Religious cult: a cross, a golden icon, Peter's day, my soul, baptized, a small bag.
7) Landscape: early cold autumn; black, brightening morning; pure ice stars; moonrise like wildfire; joyful sunny morning.
8) Russian national traditions: declare the groom, marry, cross, put a bag around the neck, bow to the hand of the father's cloth.
- What is the meaning of the title of the story - "Cold Autumn"?
(The story of I.A. Bunin "Cold Autumn" has a complex semanticand compositional structure. The story is multidimensional. This proves once again: true real life, its perceptionand assessment is ambiguous. As G. V. Adamovich, “a work imbued with gratitudeTo life,To to the world,v which for all its imperfections there is happiness. "
But happiness isit is a moment, one moment.A then comes the Memory, the memory of one moment. It revives the soul, makes it youngand empathetic. I. A. Bunin proves once again that love is stronger than death.)
5. Comparative analysis two literary texts
Teacher. Combines these two works by I.A. Bunin that they are associated with 1914. "The Last Bumblebee" was written in 1914, and "Cold Autumn" brings us back to the heroines of the same year. For the author, this year is significant: the world around Buninai in himself is dying, collapsing. His heroes perish: the "black velvet bumblebee" turns into a "golden, dry bumblebee"; the beloved heroine of the story "Cold Autumn" dies in October 1914 in Galicia. The story does not mention a direct date: "in October of that year ..." . This is war! ")
And yet the difference between these two texts is that hopelessness, oblivion, death sound in the poem "The Last Bumblebee". And in the story "Cold Autumn" there is a life affirmation: "I lived, I was glad, now I will come soon."
Throughout his long life, the poet I.A. Bunin proved that love is stronger than death. He wrote: "Do you really not know that you are 17 and 70 years old love the same!"
IV. Lesson summary
Final words of the teacher
- I. A. Bunin's fears about oblivion were also in vain. In 1933 he was awarded the Nobel Prize. In the homeland of Bunin in the second half of the twentieth century, his books were published in huge print runs, up to millions, his work was recognized by the widest readership. Bunin's work returned to the writer's homeland, because his subject, in the words of the author himself, is "the eternal, forever identical love of a man and a woman, a child and a mother, the eternal sorrows of a man's joy, the mystery of his birth, existence and death."
Literature
1. Achatova A.A. From observations of the lyric poetry of I.A. Bunin // Scientific notes of Tomsk University. - 1973. - No. 83.
2. Bunin I.A. Cold autumn // Rachkova E.G., Dymarsky M.Ya., Ilyinova A.I. and others. text: Structure. Language. Style: Book for teachers. - SPb, 1993.
3. Vantenkov I.P. Bunin is a narrator. Stories 1890-1916 - Minsk: BSU Publishing House, 1974.
4. Herman M. Echo of "Dark alleys". Bunini Montparnasse // "Neva", 2006. - № 11.
5. Kuznetsova G. N. Grassky diary. Stories. Olive garden. Poems // Vstup. Art., comment. ac. Baborenko A. K. - M.: "Moscow worker", 1995.
6. Lavrov V.V. Cold autumn. Ivan Bunin in emigration (1920-1953). Chronicle novel. - M.: "Young Guard", 1989.
7. Nefedov V.V. Poetry of I. Bunin. Sketches / V.V. Nefedov - Minsk: " graduate School", 1975.
8. Rafienko V.V. The phenomenon of death as a way to complete the world. I.A. Bunin. Dark alleys. Caucasus // Literary critic. Sat. - Donetsk, 2001. - Issue 5/6.
9. Russian writers - laureates Nobel Prize... Ivan Bunin - M .: "Young Guard", 1991.
10. Slivitskaya O.V. The feeling of death in the world of I. Bunin // "Russian Literature". - 2002. - No. 1.
11. Smal E.Yu. What a sweetness everything that previously valued so little // Russian literature in schools of Ukraine. - 2007. - No. 5.
12. Smirnova L.A. I. Bunin. Life creativity: A book for a teacher / L. A. Smirnova. - M .: "Education", 1991.
13. Prikhodko V. "You, a heart full of fire" (about Bunin's poetry) // "Literary study". - 1997. - No. 2.
14. Yasenskiy S.Yu. Bunin's pessimism as an aesthetic problem // Russian Literature. - 1996. —№4.
In June of that year, he stayed with us on the estate - he was always considered our own man: his late father was a friend and neighbor of my father. On June 15, Ferdinand was killed in Sarajevo. On the morning of the sixteenth, the newspapers were brought from the post office. Father left the office with a Moscow evening newspaper in his hands into the dining room, where he, mother and I were still sitting at the tea table, and said: - Well, my friends, war! The Austrian crown prince was killed in Sarajevo. This is war! On Petrov's day, a lot of people came to us — it was my father’s name day — and at dinner he was declared my fiance. But on July 19, Germany declared war on Russia ... In September, he came to us just for a day - to say goodbye before leaving for the front (everyone then thought that the war would end soon, and our wedding was postponed until spring). And then came our farewell evening. After supper, as usual, a samovar was served, and, looking at the windows fogged up from its steam, the father said: - Surprisingly early and cold autumn! We sat quiet that evening, only occasionally exchanging insignificant words, exaggeratedly calm, hiding our secret thoughts and feelings. With feigned simplicity, my father also said about autumn. I went to the balcony door and wiped the glass with a handkerchief: in the garden, in the black sky, pure ice stars sparkled brightly and sharply. Father smoked, leaning back in an armchair, absentmindedly looking at a hot lamp hanging over the table, mother, in glasses, diligently sewed under her light a small silk bag - we knew which one - and it was touching and eerie. The father asked: - So you still want to go in the morning, and not after breakfast? “Yes, if I may, in the morning,” he replied. - It’s very sad, but I haven’t completely ordered around the house. The father sighed lightly: - Well, as you wish, my soul. Only in this case it is time for my mother and me to sleep, we certainly want to see you off tomorrow ... Mom got up and baptized her future son, he bowed to her hand, then to his father's. Left alone, we spent a little more time in the dining room - I decided to play solitaire, - he silently walked from corner to corner, then asked: - Would you like to walk a little? My heart was getting harder and harder, I responded indifferently:- Good... While dressing in the hallway, he continued to think something, with a sweet smile he recalled Fet's verses:What a cold autumn!
Put on your shawl and hood ...
Look - among the blackening pines
As if a fire is rising ...
Before us is the story "Cold Autumn" by Bunin. After reading it, you understand once again: only a genius can convey so deeply and penetratingly that which is beyond the limits of human reason and perception. It would seem a simple story, where he, she, mutual feelings, then war, death, wanderings. Russia in the twentieth century has gone through more than one war, and millions of people have experienced such tragedies, but ... There is always a word "but", which is not something that denies, but rather reminds of the uniqueness of feelings and experiences of each person. It is not for nothing that the work "Cold Autumn" is included in IA Bunin's cycle of stories "Dark Alleys", in which the author repeated more than thirty times: he wrote, in fact, about the same thing - about love, but each time in different ways.
An eternal theme in the writer's work
Contains the story "Cold Autumn" (Bunin), an analysis of the eternal theme: the fate of each individual person is the answer to the question, A man lives his own love story from birth to death, and gives his answer. This is true, because he paid the greatest price for it - his life. Can this experience be useful to us? Yes and no ... He can give us strength, inspiration, strengthen our faith in love, but the Universe expects from us something absolutely new, unique, incomprehensible, so that subsequent generations will be inspired by our stories. It turns out that love is the infinity of life, where there was no beginning and there will be no end.
"Cold Autumn", Bunin: content
“In June of that year, he was staying with us at our estate ...” - with these words the story begins, and the reader involuntarily gets the impression that he has in front of him a certain passage from the diary, torn out somewhere in the middle. This is one of the features of this work. The main character, on whose behalf the story is told, begins her story with a farewell meeting with her lover. We do not know anything about their past relationship, about when and how their love began. Before us, in fact, there is already a denouement: the lovers and their parents agreed on an imminent wedding, and the future is seen in bright colors, but ... But the heroine's father brings a newspaper with sad news: Ferdinand, the Austrian crown prince, has been killed in Sarajevo, which means war is inevitable, the parting of young people is inevitable, and it is still far from the outcome.
September. He came for just one evening to say goodbye before leaving for the front. The evening passed surprisingly quietly, without unnecessary phrases, without special feelings and emotions. Everyone tried to hide what was happening inside: fear, longing and endless sadness. She absentmindedly walked to the window and looked out into the garden. There, in the black sky, icy stars glittered coldly and sharply. Mother diligently sewed up the silk bag. Everyone knew that there was a golden icon inside, which once served as a talisman at the front for grandfather and great-grandfather. It was touching and eerie. Soon the parents went to bed.
Left alone, they sat in the dining room for a while, and then decided to take a walk. It became cold outside. My soul was getting heavier ... The air was completely winter. This evening, this cold autumn will forever remain in their memory. He did not know how his fate would turn out, but he hoped that she would not immediately forget him if he died. The most important thing is that she should live, be happy, and live happy life, and he will definitely wait for her there ... She wept bitterly. She was afraid both for him and for herself: what if he really doesn’t become, and one day she will forget him, because everything has its end ...
He left early in the morning. They stood for a long time and looked after him. “They killed him - what a strange word! - in a month, in Galicia "- here it is the denouement, which fit in one single sentence. The epilogue is the next thirty years - an endless series of events that, on the one hand, were important, significant, and on the other ... Death of parents, revolution, poverty, marriage with an elderly retired military man, escape from Russia, another death - the death of her husband , and then his nephew and his wife, wandering all over Europe with their little daughter. What was it all about? The main character sums up and answers herself: only that distant, already barely discernible cold autumn evening, and everything else is an unnecessary dream.
Analysis of "Cold Autumn" Bunin I.А.
Time. What it is? We are used to giving designations to everything: hours, minutes, days. We divide life into the past and the future, trying to do everything in time and not miss the main thing. And what is the main thing? Analysis of the "Cold Autumn" Bunin I.А. showed how the author conveyed the conventionality of the existing world order. Space and time take on different forms and are painted in completely different tones in the human soul. The description of the last autumn evening in their life takes up most of the work, while thirty years of life is only one paragraph. During dinner in the dining room with the main character we feel subtle sighs, notice every tilt of the head, see the endlessly changing everyone present, and imperceptibly an understanding comes to us that all these seemingly insignificant details are the most important.
The detailed description of the dining room with the windows fogging up from the samovar, the hot lamp over the table in the first part of the story is contrasted with the endless list of cities and countries that our heroine had to visit: the Czech Republic, Turkey, Bulgaria, Belgium, Serbia, Paris, Nice ... a cozy and tender home breathes with warmth and happiness, while glorified Europe with "boxes from a chocolate shop in satin paper with gold laces" - dullness and indifference.
Continuing the analysis of "Cold Autumn" by Bunin I.A., I would like to dwell on " secret psychologism", Which is used by the writer to convey the inner experiences of the main actors... The farewell meeting has its own face and inside out: external indifference, feigned simplicity and absent-mindedness of the main characters hide their inner confusion and fear of the future. Insignificant phrases are pronounced aloud, exaggeratedly calm words, notes of indifference sound in the voice, but behind all this one can feel the increasing excitement and depth of feelings. From this it becomes "touching and creepy", "sad and good" ...
Finishing the analysis of IA Bunin's "Cold Autumn", let us pay attention to one more important detail. There are not so many characters in the story: the hero and heroine, parents, husband, his nephew with his wife and little daughter ... But who are they? Not a single name has been named. Although at the very beginning the name of the crown prince sounds - Ferdinad, whose murder became a pretext for and led to the described tragedy. Thus, the author is trying to convey that tragic fate the protagonists are both exceptional and typical, because war is a general tragedy that rarely spares anyone.