Boris Pasternak, Doctor of Living Contents and Issues. Who did Parsnip based the main characters of the novel on?
Episode 1
1905 On the train, attorney at law Grigory Osipovich Gordon and his son Mikhail met millionaire and philanthropist Andrei Zhivago and his companion Viktor Komarovsky, a famous lawyer. And in the restaurant of the train, Komarovsky drew attention to Larisa Guichard, who was accompanied by her brother, Rodion. A tragedy occurred on the train: Andrei Zhivago committed suicide... The Gordons settled in the house of Alexander Gromeko. His daughter Tonya is susceptible to the fashionable hobbies of her time. Life in revolutionary Moscow seems strange. And the appearance of the outrageous journalist Shurochka Zhelezina sometimes turns Gromeko’s house almost into a madhouse. Yuri Zhivago, a medical student, Andrei Zhivago’s son from his first marriage, also lives in Gromeko’s house...
Episode 2
Larisa found Pavel, her savior, and came with him to a restaurant for dinner, arranged by Komarovsky for the Guichard family. Larisa wanted to “wipe the nose” of Komarovsky, who began to show “heartfelt interest” in Larisa.... Three years passed... Yuri met Komarovsky, accidentally catching him alone with Larisa.... Misha told Yura about his suspicions regarding Komarovsky's role in the death of Yura's father...
Episode 3
Christmas Eve. Yuri was tormented by the question of the right to revenge and looked for the answer in the Bible. Lara decided to break up with Komarovsky due to her mother's well-founded suspicions about their relationship. But Rodion, Lara’s brother, a cadet at a military school, lost public money, and he had to ask Komarovsky for the necessary amount. He gave me the money. Lara gave the money to her brother in exchange for a revolver... She shot at Komarovsky, but missed... The year 1914 came. Russia entered the war. Yura became a real doctor, married Tonya... He witnesses how a crowd of “patriots” destroyed Madame Guichard’s salon. Yura was sent to the front, while his wife was expecting a child... Lara left her mother to live with the Antipovs.
Episode 4
Komarovsky, already a Duma deputy, came to the Antipovs to return Lara. But Lara chose her path: she and Pavel got married. Yuri was wounded. In the hospital, he again met Lara, who was now working as a nurse... Meanwhile, revolutionary events were approaching...
Episode 5
Lara said goodbye to Yuri and left to visit her little daughter... An authorized representative of the Provisional Government, Commissar Ginze, arrived in the army to put an end to defeatist sentiments, anarchy and desertion. The commissar, the chairman of the regimental committee and Yuri went to the local “Zybushenskaya republic”, led by a certain Blazheiko, to negotiate voluntary disarmament. But the mood of the masses, who had tasted the “freedom,” convinced the commissar of the need for decisive action. The attempt to disarm the “Zybushenskaya Republic” ended with the Cossacks sent for this purpose shooting the commissar... The chairman of the regimental committee shot himself...
Episode 6
Autumn 1917. Yuri returned home and saw his son for the first time. Disagreements began with his wife, who was jealous of Lara... Thaddeus Kazimirovich, the chief doctor of the Holy Cross Hospital, hired Yuri, but urgently asked him to think about leaving for America... Yuri met Komarovsky, he found him, robbed and beaten, on street and provided him with medical assistance. The conversation led them to memories of Lara... Komarovsky learned from Yura his last name - Zhivago... Meanwhile, the Bolsheviks came to power...
Episode 7
Revolutionary times dictated new life. Yuri learned what special rations were, having received special coupons from Komarovsky in gratitude. The year 1918 arrived. Yuri's family left on a train away from Moscow with a simple goal - to survive. During the forced stop of the train, Yuri, detained as a “spy,” first came to the Cheka.
Episode 8
Yuri met Lara, love was hampered by heavy thoughts about his duty to their families. Whites entered the town, among them was Rodion, Lara’s brother... And the war again separated Yuri from his family and from Lara: he was “mobilized” in partisan detachment as a health worker. The year 1919 has arrived...
Episode 9
The partisan detachment that Yuri ended up in spent the winter in the forest. Cold and hunger, cruelty and death accompanied people every day. The detachment was commanded by Liveriy, the son of the former manager, he maintained discipline with an “iron hand”... Yuri asked to be given free rein and released from the detachment... The year 1921 came. Yuri deserted from the detachment and came to Lara... From her he learned that Tonya had given birth to a daughter, and that the family had moved to Moscow...
Episode 10
The revolutionary court sentenced Pavel Antipov-Strelnikov to death. The special commissioner of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Pavel Neverov, Antipov's father, himself asked for capital punishment... Yuri and Lara moved to an abandoned estate, where some food supplies were preserved... Here they were found by Komarovsky, who came for Lara and her daughter Katya, to take them with you to Far East, where he was heading as Minister of Justice. Yuri had to agree and accept Komarovsky’s conditions for the sake of the future of the woman he loved... At night, Pavel Antipov, who had escaped from arrest, came to Yuri. He no longer found Lara... Seeing no way out, being in a clouded consciousness, Pavel shot himself.
Episode 11
1929 Yuri Zhivago worked as an orderly in the same Oktyabrskaya hospital - they could not give the “former” any other job. One day, a responsible OGPU official gave Yuri a letter from Toni, who now lived with her children in Paris... And Yuri lived with Marina, Markel’s daughter. One day, Yuri was summoned to the OGPU, where he was offered to travel abroad in exchange for cooperation with the authorities and was given time to think. He never saw his children...
After the death of Maria Nikolaevna’s mother, the fate of ten-year-old Yura Zhivago is dealt with by his uncle, Nikolai Nikolaevich Vedenyapin. The boy's father, having squandered the family's million-dollar fortune, abandoned them even before his mother's death, and subsequently took his own life by jumping off a train. An eyewitness to his suicide is 11-year-old Misha Gordon, who was traveling with his father on the same train. Yura experiences the death of his mother extremely acutely; uncle with his hair cut at will the priest consoles him with conversations about God.
Yura spends the first time on Kologrivov’s estate. Here he meets 14-year-old Nika (Innocent) Dudorov, the son of a terrorist convict and an eccentric Georgian beauty.
The widow of a Belgian engineer, Amalia Karlovna Guichard, who came from the Urals, settles in Moscow. She has two children - the eldest daughter Larisa and the son Rodion, Rodya. Amalia becomes the mistress of lawyer Komarovsky, a friend of her late husband. Soon the lawyer begins to show unequivocal signs of attention to the pretty Lara, and later seduces her. Unexpectedly for himself, he discovers that he has a real feeling for the girl and strives to arrange her life. Nika Dudorov, a friend of her classmate Nadya Kologrivova, is also courting Lara, but he does not arouse her interest due to the similarity of characters.
On the Brest railway, passing near the Guichard house, a strike begins, organized by the workers' committee. One of the organizers, road foreman Pavel Ferapontovich Antipov, is arrested. His son Pasha, a student at a real school, is taken in by the family of driver Kipriyan Tiverzin. Pasha, through his neighbor Olga Demina, meets Lara, falls in love with her and literally idolizes the girl. Lara feels much older than him psychologically and does not have reciprocal feelings for him.
Thanks to his uncle, Yura Zhivago settles in Moscow, in the family of his uncle’s friend, Professor Alexander Alexandrovich Gromeko. Yura became very close friends with the professor's daughter, Tonya, and classmate Misha Gordon. Music lovers, Gromeko often organized evenings with invited musicians. On one of these evenings, cellist Tyshkevich was urgently called to the Montenegro Hotel, where the Guichard family, frightened by the unrest in the city, had temporarily moved. Alexander Alexandrovich, Yura and Misha, who went with him, find Amalia Karlovna trying to poison herself there and Komarovsky helping her. In the room, Yura sees Lara for the first time - he is struck at first sight by the beauty of the sixteen-year-old girl. Misha tells his friend that Komarovsky is the same person who pushed his father to commit suicide.
Lara, trying to end her dependence on Komarovsky, settles with the Kologrivovs, becoming the teacher of their youngest daughter Lipa. Thanks to the money she borrowed from the owners, she pays off her younger brother's gambling debt, but is tormented by the inability to give them the money. The girl decides to ask Komarovsky for money, but just in case she takes with her the revolver taken from Rodya.
In the fall of 1911, Anna Ivanovna Gromeko, Tony's mother, fell seriously ill. The matured triumvirate of friends graduates from university: Tonya from the Faculty of Law, Misha from the Faculty of Philology, and Yura from the Faculty of Medicine. Yuri Zhivago is interested in writing poetry, although he does not perceive writing as a profession. He also learns about the existence of his half-brother Evgraf, who lives in Omsk, and renounces part of the inheritance in his favor.
Yura impromptu reads a speech about the resurrection of the soul to Anna Ivanovna, who is feeling worse and worse. The woman falls asleep to his calm story, and after waking up she feels better. She convinces Yura and Tonya to go to the Sventitskys’ Christmas tree, and before their departure she unexpectedly blesses them, saying that they are destined for each other and must get married in the event of her death. Going to the Christmas tree, young people drive along Kamergersky Lane. When looking at one of the windows, in which a candle light is visible, Yuri comes up with the lines: “The candle was burning on the table, the candle was burning.” Behind this window, Larisa Guichard and Pavel Antipov are talking intensely at this time - the girl tells Pasha that if he loves her, they need to get married immediately.
After the conversation, Lara goes to the Sventitskys, where she shoots at Komarovsky, who was playing cards, but misses and hits another person. Returning home, Yura and Tonya learn about the death of Anna Ivanovna. Through the efforts of Komarovsky, Lara avoids trial, but due to the shock she experienced, the girl fell ill with a nervous fever. After recovery, Lara, having married Pavel, leaves with him to the Urals, to Yuryatin. Immediately after the wedding, the young people talked until dawn, and Lara told her husband about her difficult relationship with Komarovsky. In Yuryatino, Larisa teaches at the gymnasium and enjoys her three-year-old daughter Katenka, and Pavel teaches history and Latin. However, doubting his wife’s love, after completing officer courses, Pavel goes to the front, where he is captured in one of the battles. Larisa leaves her little daughter in the care of Lipa, and she, having gotten a job as a sister on an ambulance train, goes to the front in search of her husband.
Yura and Tonya get married, their son Alexander is born. In the fall of 1915, Yuri was mobilized to the front as a doctor. There the doctor witnesses a terrifying picture of the decay of the army, mass desertion, and anarchy. In the Melyuzeev hospital, fate pits the wounded Yuri against the nurse Lara working there. He confesses his feelings to her.
Returning to Moscow in the summer of 1917, Zhivago finds devastation here too; he feels loneliness, and what he sees makes him change his attitude towards the surrounding reality. He works in a hospital, writes a diary, but suddenly falls ill with typhus. Poverty and devastation force Yuri and Tonya to leave for the Urals, where the former estate of the manufacturer Kruger, Tonya’s grandfather, was located not far from Yuryatin. In Varykino, they are slowly getting used to their new place, setting up their daily life in anticipation of their second child. While visiting Yuryatino for work, Zhivago accidentally meets Lara, Larisa Fedorovna Antipova. From her he learns that the red commander Strelnikov, who brings terror to the entire neighborhood, is her husband, Pavel Antipov. He managed to escape from captivity, changed his last name, but does not maintain any relations with his family. For several months, Yuri secretly meets with Lara, torn between his love for Tonya and his passion for Lara. He decides to confess to his wife that he has deceived him and not to meet with Lara again. However, on the way home, he was captured by partisans from Liveriy Mikulitsyn’s detachment. Without sharing their views, the doctor provides medical care to the wounded and sick. Two years later, Yuri managed to escape.
Having reached Yuryatin, captured by the Reds, the hungry and weakened Yuri collapsed from the hardships he had endured. Larisa has been caring for him throughout his illness. After the amendment, Zhivago got a job in his specialty, but his position was very precarious: he was criticized for intuitionism in diagnosing diseases and was considered a socially alien element. Yuri receives a letter from Tony, which came to him five months after it was sent. His wife informs him that her father, Professor Gromeko, and she and her two children (she gave birth to a daughter, Masha), are being sent abroad.
Komarovsky, who unexpectedly appeared in the city, promises his protection to Lara and Yuri, offering to go with him to the Far East. However, Zhivago resolutely rejects this proposal. Lara and Yuri take refuge in Varykino, abandoned by residents. One day Komarovsky comes to them with alarming news that Strelnikov has been shot and they are in mortal danger. Zhivago sends pregnant Lara and Katya with Komarovsky, while he himself remains in Varykino.
Left alone in a completely deserted village, Yuri Andreevich simply went crazy, drank, poured out his feelings for Lara on paper. One evening he saw a man on the threshold of his house. It was Strelnikov. The men talked all night long - about the revolution and about Lara. In the morning, while the doctor was still sleeping, Strelnikov shot himself.
Having buried him, Zhivago heads to Moscow, covering most of the route on foot. Thin, feral and overgrown, Zhivago settles in a fenced-off corner in the Sventitskys’ apartment. The daughter of former janitor Markel Marina helps him with housework. Over time, they have two daughters, Capa and Klava, and sometimes Tonya sends them letters.
The doctor is gradually losing his professional skills, but sometimes writes thin books. Unexpectedly, one summer evening, Yuri Andreevich does not appear at home - he sends Marina a letter in which he says that he wants to live alone for some time and asks not to look for him.
Without knowing it, Yuri Andreevich rents the very same room on Kamergersky Lane in the window of which he saw a burning candle many years ago. Again, out of nowhere, brother Evgraf helps Yuri with money and gets him a job at the Botkin hospital.
On the way to work on a sultry August day in 1929, Yuri Andreevich begins to have a heart attack. Coming out of the tram car, he dies. Many people gather to bid farewell to him. Among them was Larisa Fedorovna, who accidentally walked into her first husband’s apartment. A few days later, the woman disappeared without a trace: she left the house and no one saw her again. She may have been arrested.
Many years later, in 1943, Major General Evgraf Zhivago recognizes the linen worker Tanya Bezseredova as the daughter of Yuri and Larisa. It turned out that before fleeing to Mongolia, Lara left the baby at one of the railway sidings. The girl first lived with Martha, who was guarding the patrol, and then wandered around the country. Evgraf collects all his brother's poems.
In 1957, the Italian publishing house Feltrinelli published the first copies of Doctor Zhivago. In 1958, Boris Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for this novel, which he was forced to publicly refuse. In Russia, the work was published only in 1988 (in the magazine " New world") more than thirty years since the first publication of Doctor Zhivago. The action of the novel takes place in that difficult time when Russia faced all the trials at once: the First World War and the Civil Wars, the abdication of the Tsar, the revolution. Boris Pasternak's novel about the fate of his generation, which became a witness, participant and victim of this madness. Reviews in the press Famous novel Nobel laureate It has been republished several times and has long become a programmatic work of Russian literature. Here is an audio performance of the work performed by Honored Artist of Russia Alexei Borzunov. The text is reproduced without abbreviations: both parts of the masterpiece and the poem by Yuri Zhivago. Your leisure time Listening to a novel performed by an artist is not as easy as it might seem at first glance, because the listener will be required to fully participate, and this is affected by the specificity of the novel as a whole and Borzunov’s intonation features: he reads as if he were telling a story about himself, very trusting and very sincere, so you begin to listen, empathize, follow the course of history and in the end you become part of it. Those who are familiar with the plot of the novel should listen to the audio version, at least to compare their own attitude to certain events occurring in the novel with the emphasis placed by Alexey Borzunov. AIF “I want to know everything” © B. Pasternak (heirs) ©&? IP Vorobiev V.A. ©&? ID UNION
"Doctor Zhivago" - plot
The main character of the novel, Yuri Zhivago, appears before the reader as a little boy on the first pages of the work, describing the funeral of his mother: “They walked and walked and sang “Eternal Memory” ....” Yura is a descendant of a wealthy family that made a fortune in industrial, commercial and banking operations. The parents' marriage was not happy: the father abandoned the family before the death of the mother.
Orphaned Yura will be sheltered for a while by his uncle living in the south of Russia. Then numerous relatives and friends will send him to Moscow, where he will be accepted into the family of Alexander and Anna Gromeko as if he were his own.
Yuri's exceptionalism becomes obvious quite early - even as a young man, he shows himself as a talented poet. But at the same time he decides to follow in the footsteps of his adoptive father Alexander Gromeko and enters the medical department of the university, where he also proves himself as a talented doctor. The first love, and subsequently the wife of Yuri Zhivago, becomes the daughter of his benefactors, Tonya Gromeko.
Yuri and Tony had two children, but then fate separated them forever, and the doctor never saw his youngest daughter, who was born after the separation.
At the beginning of the novel, new faces constantly appear before the reader. All of them will be tied into a single ball by the further course of the story. One of them is Larisa, the slave of the elderly lawyer Komarovsky, who tries with all her might and cannot escape the captivity of his “patronage”. Lara has a childhood friend, Pavel Antipov, who will later become her husband, and Lara will see her salvation in him. Having gotten married, he and Antipov cannot find their happiness; Pavel leaves his family and goes to the front of the First World War. Subsequently, he would become a formidable revolutionary commissar, changing his surname to Strelnikov. At the end Civil War he plans to reunite with his family, but this desire will never come true.
Fate brings Yuri Zhivago and Lara together in different ways during the First World War in the front-line settlement of Melyuzeyevo, where main character works is called to war as a military doctor, and Antipova volunteers as a sister of mercy, trying to find her missing husband Pavel. Subsequently, the lives of Zhivago and Lara intersect again in the provincial Yuryatin-on-Rynva (a fictional Ural city, the prototype of which was Perm), where they vainly seek refuge from the revolution that destroys everything. Yuri and Larisa will meet and fall in love. But soon poverty, hunger and repression will separate both Doctor Zhivago’s family and Larina’s family. For a year and a half, Zhivago will disappear in Siberia, serving as a military doctor in captivity of the Red partisans. Having escaped, he will return on foot back to the Urals - to Yuryatin, where he will again meet with Lara. His wife Tonya, together with Yuri's children and father-in-law, while in Moscow, writes about imminent forced deportation abroad. Hoping to wait out the winter and the horrors of the Yuryatinsky Revolutionary Military Council, Yuri and Lara take refuge in the abandoned Varykino estate. Soon an unexpected guest comes to them - Komarovsky, who received an invitation to head the Ministry of Justice in the Far Eastern Republic, proclaimed on the territory of Transbaikalia and the Russian Far East. He persuades Yuri Andreevich to let Lara and her daughter go with him to the east, promising to transport them abroad. Yuri Andreevich agrees, realizing that he will never see them again.
Gradually he begins to go crazy from loneliness. Soon Lara's husband, Pavel Antipov (Strelnikov), comes to Varykino. Demoted and wandering across the expanses of Siberia, he tells Yuri Andreevich about his participation in the revolution, about Lenin, about the ideals of Soviet power, but, having learned from Yuri Andreevich that Lara has loved and loves him all this time, he understands how bitterly he was mistaken. Strelnikov commits suicide with a rifle shot. After Strelnikov's suicide, the doctor returns to Moscow in the hope of fighting for his future life. There he meets his last woman - Marina, the daughter of the former (back in Tsarist Russia) Zhivag janitor Markel. In a civil marriage with Marina, they have two girls. Yuri gradually descends, abandons scientific and literary activity and, even realizing his fall, he cannot do anything about it. One morning, on the way to work, he becomes ill on the tram and dies of a heart attack in the center of Moscow. His half-brother Evgraf and Lara, who will soon go missing soon after, come to say goodbye to him at his coffin.
Ahead will be the Second World War, and the Kursk Bulge, and the washerwoman Tanya, who will tell Yuri Andreevich’s gray-haired childhood friends - Innokenty Dudorov and Mikhail Gordon, who survived the Gulag, arrests and repressions of the late 30s, the story of their lives; It turns out that this is the illegitimate daughter of Yuri and Lara, and Yuri’s brother, Major General Evgraf Zhivago, will take her under his wing. He will also compile a collection of Yuri's works - a notebook that Dudorov and Gordon read in last scene novel. The novel ends with 25 poems by Yuri Zhivago.
Story
In November 1957, the novel was first published Italian in Milan at the Feltrinelli publishing house, “despite all the efforts of the Kremlin and the Italian Communist Party” (for this Feltrinelli was later expelled from the Communist Party).
On August 24, 1958, a “pirated” (without the consent of Feltrinelli) edition in Russian was released in Holland with a circulation of 500 copies.
The Russian edition, based on a manuscript not corrected by the author, was published in Milan in January 1959.
Awards
On October 23, 1958, Boris Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize with the wording “for significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel.” The USSR authorities, led by N. S. Khrushchev, perceived this event with indignation, since they considered the novel anti-Soviet. Due to the persecution that unfolded in the USSR, Pasternak was forced to refuse to receive the prize. Only on December 9, 1989, the Nobel diploma and medal were awarded to the writer’s son, Evgeniy Pasternak, in Stockholm.
Criticism
V.V. Nabokov gave a negative assessment of the novel, which replaced Lolita in the list of bestsellers: “Doctor Zhivago is a pathetic thing, clumsy, banal and melodramatic, with hackneyed positions, voluptuous lawyers, implausible girls, romantic robbers and banal coincidences"
Ivan Tolstoy, author of the book “The Laundered Novel”: Because this man overcame what all other writers in the Soviet Union could not overcome. For example, Andrei Sinyavsky sent his manuscripts to the West under the pseudonym Abram Terts. In the USSR in 1958 there was only one person who, raising his visor, said: “I am Boris Pasternak, I am the author of the novel Doctor Zhivago. And I want it to come out in the form in which it was created." And this man was awarded the Nobel Prize. I believe that this highest award awarded to the most correct person on Earth at that time.
Reviews
Reviews of the book "Doctor Zhivago"
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Yulia Olegina
The Great Russian Epic Novel
I really enjoyed this novel! Moreover, Doctor Zhivago has become my favorite Russian novel!
Everyone knows that it was for this work that Pasternak was given the Nobel Prize with the wording “... for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel.” And it is true. "Doctor Zhivago" is a new "War and Peace", only a century later. Shown here different destinies, the impact of the First World War on the lives of people from different social classes. There is love that breaks through walls and love that is locked.
At first I didn't really like it. The description of the life of Yura Zhivago, Gordon, Lara in childhood is not very interesting and even a little “intrusive”. The plot jumps from one character to another, you don’t even have time to remember everyone, who, to whom and by whom. But from the moment Yura and Tonya’s promise to Tonya’s dying mother to love each other, the novel seems to get a “second wind.” Now the action unfolds rapidly, excitingly and most importantly - powerfully. You read avidly and can’t stop. Pasternak put a lot of effort into his narration style, every word of his is precise, you can neither delete nor add. Just the way it should be.
1. For everyone who loves classic Russian novels, such as "War and Peace", "Anna Karenina", " The captain's daughter" etc.
Year: 1955 Genre: novel
First briefly, then chapter by chapter
Young Yura Zhivago’s mother died. The father, a once wealthy man, had long since left them, having spent all his fortune. At first he was raised by his uncle, a former priest, and then began to live with the Gromeko family. An intelligent family left an imprint on the boy's soul. He became friends with Gromeko’s daughter Antonina.
Soon Yura saw 17-year-old Larisa. Lara gave in to the persistent advances of lawyer Komarovsky and was burdened by her relationship with her adult patron. Some time later, Yuri met Larisa again at a Christmas reception at the Sventitskys. Their meeting took place under strange circumstances. The hero was already with Tonya, their relationship was blessed by Anna Ivanovna, Antonina’s mother, before her death. At night, Lara shot Komarovsky, but accidentally killed another man. The lawyer helped the girl avoid punishment and rented a room for her. Lara decided to marry Pavel Antipin, who had long and passionately loved him, and the newlyweds left for Yuryatino. Soon their daughter Katenka was born.
Meanwhile, Zhivago also married Antonina. The couple had 2 daughters. The plans of the young family were interrupted by the outbreak of war. The doctor left to fight. Paul was captured. Larisa became a military nurse and went to the front to look for her husband.
The Zhivagos moved to an estate near Yuryatino. This is where his secret affair with Larisa began. The hero was tormented by his conscience for being unfaithful to his wife. Later, he was forcibly taken into a partisan detachment under the command of Mikulitsyn, where he had to stay away from home for 2 years. Antonina and her children left for Moscow. Having finally escaped from the detachment, the doctor returned to Yuryatino, to the house where Larisa and her daughter lived. The lovers talked with each other for a long time, but unexpectedly Komarovsky came to them. It turned out that Pavel’s father was exiled to hard labor, the future fate of the revolutionary himself was unknown, and the woman was threatened with execution. The lawyer invited them to leave with him by train. Zhivago, realizing that this is the only chance to save his beloved and her daughter, sends them with a lawyer, while he himself remains in their house. After some time, Pavel returns. The men talk to each other for a long time, and the revolutionary explains why he left his family for a long time. The next morning Pavel committed suicide in the courtyard of the house.
Yuri lived alone for a long time, missing his beloved, and dedicated poems to her. Later he decided to walk to Moscow. Here he remarried the daughter of his former janitor and had children. Zhivago wrote letters to Antonina. Ex-wife knew about his new family, but did not hold a grudge against him and was not offended.
Almost 10 years later, Zhivago died of a heart attack. Marina, Antonina and even Larisa came to the funeral. Lara confessed to Yuri's brother Evgraf that she gave birth to a daughter from the doctor. A few years later, Evgraf, who had become a general, found Tanya, Larisa’s daughter from Zhivago, and took her under his wing.
The novel became one of the iconic works that fully managed to reveal the fate of people in the difficult 20th century for Russia. The themes of love, family, and spiritual integrity of the individual are closely intertwined with the revolutionary and military events of that destructive era.
Summary of Doctor Zhivago in parts (chapters) Pasternak
Book 1
Part 1. FIVE HOUR AMBULANCE
Maria Zhivago was buried. Her husband went broke long ago and left her with her young son Yura. Little Yura was first raised by his uncle Nikolai Nikolaevich. Nikolai is a former clergyman who became a defrocked man at will. His nephew loved him because he saw the features of his mother in him. Uncle did not have any prejudices or biases, he was not afraid of anything new, did not stand still and had his own point of view on history and art.
Next, the author shows us the next character - Misha Gordon, an 11-year-old Jewish boy. He could never understand what caused inequality in society and what it meant to be Jewish. The boy even began to despise all the adults who were unable to explain all this to him.
Misha and his father are traveling on the train. Suddenly the train stops: a man who often visited the Gordons in the compartment committed suicide. He told them a lot about his son from his first, already deceased, wife, and about his second family, from which he, however, also left. During a conversation, he often froze abruptly and turned white as if from fear. My father said that he was once a rich man, but he had lost his fortune, and he was clearly not himself and was sick. The strange interlocutor felt a strange, and quite possibly not at all intended, sympathy and tenderness for Misha. It becomes clear that this is Andrei Zhivago, Yura’s father. Lawyer Viktor Ippolitovich Komarovsky was traveling with him on the train.
The reader is introduced to another child: Innokenty, the son of Dementy Dudorov, a convict convicted of terrorism, and a young beautiful girl, fascinated by all sorts of rebels, extreme ideas, artists and losers. Innocent tried to imitate his mother's paradoxical and defiant behavior, which often surprised others. Nika even thought about quitting his studies and going to his father in Siberia to raise an uprising together.
Part 2. A GIRL FROM ANOTHER CIRCLE
Nadya Kologrivova has a new classmate - Lara Grishar, whose mother, German Amalia Karlovna, experienced such a strong fear of men that she rushed into their arms out of fear. Amalia Karlovna followed the advice of her patron Komarovsky and bought the garment factory. The lawyer had long since laid his eyes on Lara, calling her the purest person on earth. The young girl was clearly flattered by his attention, but she understood that his intentions were not serious. Her friend Dudorov, like herself, was not too talkative and proud.
Tiverzin takes in Patulya, the son of Pavel Antipov, who went to the army. The young man is crazy about Lara Grishard.
The seamstresses from the factory rebel, refusing to work and explaining that this is only for the benefit of Amalia Karlovna.
Six months after the beginning of the relationship between Lara and Komarovsky, the girl decides to become the teacher of Lipa, Nadya’s sister. She secretly sends the money she earns to the Antipovs, hoping to marry their son Patulya after finishing her studies at the university. She secretly transfers money to Patuli’s parents and dreams of getting married to a young man who “loves her madly” after graduating from university. Soon Lara asked Komarovsky for money, because she no longer wanted to live in the Kologrivov family, and began to live alone.
Nikolai Nikolaevich sends Yura to be raised by the Gromeko brothers. Here he became friends with Antonina, the daughter of Alexander Gromeko, and Misha Gordon.
Part 3. TREE AT THE SVENTITSKYS
Tonya studied to become a lawyer, Misha studied to become a philologist, and Yura studied to become a doctor. After a long illness, Antonina's mother died, and before her death she bequeathed them to get married. Yura began to experience warm feelings for Tonya. At the Sventitsky Christmas tree, Lara met Yura for the first time. At night, she shot at Komarovsky, but accidentally hit another person.
Part 4. IMPORTANT INEVITABILITIES
The lawyer rented a room for Lara and helped drop all murder charges against her. Lara married Pavel, and the newlyweds left the city. Soon their daughter Katya was born. The young wife got a job as a teacher at a local gymnasium. Lara surrounded her husband with care, and he never reproached her for her premarital affair with Komarovsky.
The war began, and Pavel went to war, from where he often wrote to her, but later the letters abruptly stopped. Lara became a military man nurse and went to look for her husband at the front. It turned out that he was captured.
Meanwhile, a girl was also born into Zhivago’s young family, but soon Yuri was called up as a military doctor. At the front, he and Larisa met again.
Part 5. FAREWELL TO THE OLD
Lara and Yuri fell in love with each other. An uprising began near Yuryatino, where Lara lived. Lara left Yuryatino, and later Zhivago also left there. On the way, he met Pogorevshikh, a supporter of anarchism.
Part 6. MOSCOW STANOVISHCHE
The doctor returned home. Antonina gave some of the rooms to the hospital. Yuri felt lonely. Soon Nikolai Nikolaevich arrived. Zhivago believed that socialism would eventually prevail. Suddenly, Yuri’s half-brother, Evgraf, appeared. He invited the whole family to move away from hunger and destruction. In the spring, the Zhivagos moved to the Urals, to an estate near Yuryatino.
Part 7. ON THE ROAD
On the way, Zhivago learned that the troops near Yuryatino were commanded by Galliulin.
Book 2
Part 8. ARRIVAL
The city refused to accept the train due to the explosion. From a fellow traveler, the doctor learned about Pavel Antipin, who worked for them, and his wife, a local teacher.
Part 9. VARYKINO
Zhivago reflected on the changes in a woman’s appearance during pregnancy: her face becomes dull, otherwise her eyes sparkle, the future no longer belongs to her alone. Next, the hero thinks about art and history.
In the Varykino library he saw Lara. The next day, abandoning all matters, he hastily went in search of her. Larisa introduced the doctor to her daughter Katenka. They talked about Pavel Antipov, who changed his last name to Strelnikov. Lara believed that the Bolsheviks would abandon him as soon as he ceased to be useful to them, but for now they only tolerated him. Pavel fought in Siberia with Galliulin.
The doctor’s conscience tormented him; he could no longer deceive his wife and decided not to visit Lara anymore. She took his decision hard, although she tried to hold on. On the way, Zhivago was captured by partisans in need of a doctor.
Part 10. ON THE HIGH ROAD
Party meeting. It seemed that the revolution had left nothing alive in people. The leader of the partisans was Liveriy Mikulitsyn.
Part 11. FOREST MARRIAGE
Almost 2 years have passed since Zhivago was captured by partisans. In one of the battles, the doctor had to shoot, and he wounded a man. The wounded man, who had lost his memory, did not hide the fact that he wanted to return to Kolchak’s army, but despite this, he was released. Before the doctor's eyes, frightening changes occur in the souls of those around him.
Part 12. ROWAN BERRY IN SUGAR
The Red partisan, fearing for his family, himself brought his wife and children to the camp. At first, he selflessly took care of his wife, played with the children, and later killed them all with his own hands, believing that a quick death at his hands was better than torture at the hands of the whites. After this, Palykh fled. Zhivago, saying that he wanted to collect rowan trees, ran away.
Part 13. AGAINST THE HOUSE WITH FIGURES
The doctor's hair was already turning grey. Wearing someone else's worn clothes, cold, he headed to the house where Lara lived. Then he found a message from her in which she asked him to stay in the house. Yuri, as before, was tormented by his conscience because of his infidelity. He fell asleep, and when he woke up, he saw Larisa smiling in front of him. The lovers were overcome with passion.
Antipov Sr. was sent to hard labor. Antonina, in her letter to her ex-husband, admitted that she knew about his relationship with Larisa, but was not angry. That
Part 14. AGAIN IN VARYKIN
Yuri and Lara lived in Varykino. The doctor dedicated free time poetry. Soon Komarovsky arrived and brought news of Pavel’s imminent execution. Lara could no longer remain in place, they could come for her at any moment, and the lawyer invited the lovers to go with him to the Far East. The doctor refused the offer, but the lawyer, left alone with him, convinced him to pretend to Larisa that he would go pick them up a little later. Zhivago realized that the main thing now was to save his beloved. Thus, Komarovsky left with Larisa, and Zhivago was left alone. He heard her voice everywhere, saw her face everywhere and dedicated poems to his beloved.
Soon Pavel returned. They talked for a long time about Larisa, the doctor repeated that she loved her husband very much. Pavel explained his departure to war for 6 long years by saying that he wanted to win more freedom. In the morning he committed suicide.
Part 15. END
The doctor knew about his heart disease, although he did not yet understand how serious it was. He decided to walk to Moscow. On the way, he was joined by the peasant Vasily Brykin. The doctor was pitiful, emaciated and overgrown; he entered the city in dirty, torn cast-offs, exchanging his fur coat and jacket for bread along the way. In Moscow, he first lived with Vasya, who worked in a printing house and began to draw. Brykin often reproached Yuri for not going abroad to join his family. Soon the doctor moved into one of the rooms that his former janitor had allocated to him. Here he met the janitor’s daughter, Marina. The girl’s voice captivated the doctor, and one day she simply moved into his room, becoming his third illegal wife. Marina gave birth to 2 daughters. During this time, Yuri restored contact with Antonina and his former father-in-law. The ex-wife, apparently, knew about his new family, but did not hold a grudge. The doctor, on the contrary, felt some kind of warming on the other side.
One day Zhivago disappeared, and a very large sum of money came from him in Marina’s name. Yuri met his brother Evgraf, who rented an apartment for him and was trying to reunite the doctor with his family. Yuri got a job as a doctor. One morning Zhivago was riding on a crowded tram, it was stuffy, and somehow getting out of the transport, he fell to the ground dead.
Marina, Larisa, who had escaped from Komarovsky, and Antonina came to the funeral. Lara admitted to Evgraf that she had given birth to a daughter from Zhivago, and disappeared without a trace.
Part 16. EPILOGUE
Evgraf became a general, and in 1943 he managed to find Tanya, Lara’s daughter from Zhivago. Larisa, running away from the Reds, was forced to leave the girl to be raised by a watchwoman, who later ended up in a madhouse. The girl led a homeless life for some time, wandered and later became a linen worker. Evgraf collected all his brother’s works, took his niece under his wing and promised to get her into university.
About the selfless feat of Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War Patriotic War many works have been created. But few writers in their works mention the heroism of Soviet women
The action of the work takes place in war time. Colonel Deev's division is sent to Stalingrad to repel the enemy group. The battle goes on for many days and nights. During the battle, many German and Soviet soldiers die.
Olechka Rozova is married to a man of honor. She was a quiet, loving and modest wife. But everything changed in an instant, after she bought a women's white starched collar with a yellow ribbon threaded through it
Tolstoy’s childhood was spent by the fact that his mother often changed her mind about whose last name she should keep her son, since she divorced her rich husband and left A. Bostrom.
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago has become one of the most controversial works of our time. The West admired them and categorically did not recognize the Soviet Union. It was published in all European languages, while the official publication in the original language came out only three decades after it was written. Abroad, it brought the author fame and the Nobel Prize, but at home - persecution, persecution, and exclusion from the Union of Soviet Writers.
Years passed, the system collapsed, the whole country fell. The Motherland is finally talking about its unrecognized genius and his work. Textbooks were rewritten, old newspapers were sent to the furnace, Pasternak’s good name was restored, and even the Nobel Prize was returned (as an exception!) to the laureate’s son. Doctor Zhivago sold millions of copies all over the world new country.
Yura Zhivago, Lara, the scoundrel Komarovsky, Yuryatin, the house in Varykino, “It’s shallow, it’s shallow all over the earth...” - any of these verbal nominations is for modern man an easily recognizable allusion to Pasternak's novel. The work boldly stepped beyond the tradition that existed in the twentieth century, turning into a literary myth about a bygone era, its inhabitants and the forces that controlled them.
History of creation: recognized by the world, rejected by the homeland
The novel Doctor Zhivago was created over ten years, from 1945 to 1955. The idea of writing great prose about the destinies of his generation appeared in Boris Pasternak back in 1918. However, for various reasons, it was not possible to bring it to life.
In the 30s, “Zhivult's Notes” appeared - such a test of the pen before the birth of the future masterpiece. In the surviving fragments of the Notes, a thematic, ideological and figurative similarity with the novel Doctor Zhivago can be traced. Thus, Patrik Zhivult became the prototype of Yuri Zhivago, Evgeniy Istomin (Lyuvers) - Larisa Fedorovna (Lara).
In 1956, Pasternak sent the manuscript of “Doctor Zhivago” to leading literary publications – “New World”, “Znamya”, “ Fiction" They all refused to publish the novel, while behind the Iron Curtain the book was released in November 1957. It saw the light of day thanks to the interest of an Italian radio employee in Moscow, Sergio D’Angelo, and his compatriot, publisher Giangiacomo Feltrinelli.
In 1958, Boris Leonidovich Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize “For significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as the continuation of the traditions of the great Russian epic novel.” Pasternak became the second Russian writer, after Ivan Bunin, to receive this honorary prize. European recognition had the effect of a bomb exploding in the domestic literary environment. From then on, large-scale persecution of the writer began, which did not subside until the end of his days.
Parsnip was called a “Judas,” “an anti-conscience bait on a rusty hook,” a “literary weed,” and a “black sheep” that got into a good herd. He was forced to refuse the prize, expelled from the Union of Soviet Writers, showered with caustic epigrams, and Pasternak’s “minutes of hatred” were organized at plants, factories and other government institutions. It is paradoxical that there was no talk of publishing the novel in the USSR, so most of the detractors did not see the work in person. Subsequently, the persecution of Pasternak included literary history entitled “I haven’t read it, but I condemn it!”
Ideological meat grinder
Only in the late 60s, after the death of Boris Leonidovich, the persecution began to subside. In 1987, Pasternak was reinstated in the Union of Soviet Writers, and in 1988, the novel “Doctor Zhivago” was published on the pages of the magazine “New World”, which thirty years ago not only did not agree to publish Pasternak, but also published an accusatory letter addressed to him with a demand deprive Boris Leonidovich of Soviet citizenship.
Today, Doctor Zhivago remains one of the most readable novels in the world. It spawned a number of others works of art- dramatizations and films. The novel has been filmed four times. The most famous version was filmed by a creative trio - USA, UK, Germany. The project was directed by Giacomo Campiotti, starring Hans Matheson (Yuri Zhivago), Keira Knightley (Lara), Sam Neill (Komarovsky). There is also a domestic version of Doctor Zhivago. It appeared on TV screens in 2005. The role of Zhivago was played by Oleg Menshikov, Lara by Chulpan Khamatova, Komarovsky was played by Oleg Yankovsky. The film project was led by director Alexander Proshkin.
The novel begins with a funeral. They say goodbye to Natalya Nikolaevna Vedepyanina, the mother of little Yura Zhivago. Now Yura is left an orphan. Their father left them with their mother long ago, happily squandering the family's million-dollar fortune somewhere in the vastness of Siberia. During one of these trips, having gotten drunk on the train, he jumped out of the train at full speed and fell to his death.
Little Yura was sheltered by relatives - the Gromeko professorial family. Alexander Alexandrovich and Anna Ivanovna accepted young Zhivago as their own. He grew up with their daughter Tonya, his main friend since childhood.
At the time when Yura Zhivago lost his old one and found a new family, the widow Amalia Karlovna Guichard came to Moscow with her children - Rodion and Larisa. A friend of her late husband, respected Moscow lawyer Viktor Ippolitovich Komarovsky, helped organize the move for Madame (the widow was a Russified Frenchwoman). The benefactor helped the family settle in big city, got Rodka into the cadet corps and continued to visit Amalia Karlovna, a narrow-minded and amorous woman, from time to time.
However, interest in her mother quickly faded when Lara grew up. The girl developed quickly. At 16 she already looked like a young woman beautiful woman. A graying womanizer bewitched an inexperienced girl - before she knew it, the young victim found herself in his net. Komarovsky lay at the feet of his young lover, swore his love and blasphemed himself, begged him to open up to his mother and have a wedding, as if Lara was arguing and did not agree. And he continued and continued to shamefully take her under a long veil to special rooms in expensive restaurants. “Is it possible that when people love, they humiliate?” – Lara wondered and could not find an answer, hating her tormentor with all her soul.
Several years after the vicious affair, Lara shoots Komarovsky. This happened during a Christmas celebration at the venerable Moscow Sventitsky family. Lara didn’t hit Komarovsky, and, by and large, she didn’t want to. But without suspecting it, she landed right in the heart of a young man named Zhivago, who was also among those invited.
Thanks to Komarovsky’s connections, the shooting incident was hushed up. Lara hastily married her childhood friend Patulya (Pasha) Antipov, very modest and selflessly in love with her young man. After the wedding, the newlyweds leave for the Urals, to the small town of Yuryatin. There their daughter Katenka is born. Lara, now Larisa Fedorovna Antipova, teaches at the gymnasium, and Patulya, Pavel Pavlovich, reads history and Latin.
At this time, changes also occur in the life of Yuri Andreevich. His named mother Anna Ivanovna dies. Soon Yura marries Tonya Gromeko, whose tender friendship has long turned into adult love.
The regular life of these two families was shaken up by the outbreak of war. Yuri Andreevich is mobilized to the front as a military doctor. He has to leave Tonya with his newborn son. In turn, Pavel Antipov leaves his family of his own free will. He's been burdened for a long time family life. Realizing that Lara is too good for him, that she does not love him, Patulya considers any options, including suicide. The war came in very handy - perfect way to prove himself as a hero, or to find a quick death.
Book two: the greatest love on earth
Having sipped on the sorrows of war, Yuri Andreevich returns to Moscow and finds his beloved city in terrible ruin. The reunited Zhivago family decides to leave the capital and go to the Urals, to Varykino, where the factories of Kruger, Antonina Alexandrovna’s grandfather, used to be located. Here, by coincidence, Zhivago meets Larisa Fedorovna. She works as a nurse in a hospital where Yuri Andreevich gets a job as a doctor.
Soon a connection begins between Yura and Lara. Tormented by remorse, Zhivago returns to Lara’s house again and again, unable to resist the feeling that this a beautiful woman. He admires Lara every minute: “She doesn’t want to be liked, to be beautiful, to be captivating. She despises this side of the feminine essence and, as it were, punishes herself for being so good... How good everything she does is. She reads it as if this is not the highest human activity, but something simpler, accessible to animals. It’s like she’s carrying water or peeling potatoes.”
The love dilemma is again solved by war. One day, on the road from Yuryatin to Varykino, Yuri Andreevich will be captured by the Red partisans. Only after a year and a half of wandering through the Siberian forests will Doctor Zhivago be able to escape. Yuryatin was captured by the Reds. Tonya, father-in-law, son and daughter, who was born after the doctor’s forced absence, left for Moscow. They manage to secure the opportunity to emigrate abroad. Antonina Pavlovna writes about this to her husband in a farewell letter. This letter is a cry into the void, when the writer does not know whether his message will reach the addressee. Tonya says that she knows about Lara, but does not condemn the still beloved Yura. “Let me cross you,” the letters scream hysterically, “For all the endless separation, trials, uncertainty, for all your long, long dark path.”
Having lost forever the hope of reuniting with his family, Yuri Andreevich again begins to live with Lara and Katenka. In order not to appear once again in a city that has raised red banners, Lara and Yura retire to the forest house of the deserted Varykino. Here they spend the happiest days of their quiet family happiness.
Oh, how good they were together. They loved to talk in low voices for a long time, with a candle burning comfortably on the table. They were united by a community of souls and a gulf between them and the rest of the world. “I am jealous of you for the items of your toilet,” Yura confessed to Lara, “for the drops of sweat on your skin, for the infectious diseases in the air... I love you madly, without memory, endlessly.” “They definitely taught us how to kiss in heaven,” Lara whispered, “And then they sent us as children to live at the same time, so that we could test this ability on each other.”
Komarovsky bursts into the Varykin happiness of Lara and Yura. He reports that all of them are in danger of reprisals and implores them to save themselves. Yuri Andreevich is a deserter, and the former revolutionary commissar Strelnikov (aka the supposedly deceased Pavel Antipov) has fallen out of favor. His loved ones will face inevitable death. Fortunately, one of these days a train will pass by. Komarovsky can arrange a safe departure. This is the last chance.
Zhivago flatly refuses to go, but in order to save Lara and Katenka he resorts to deception. At the instigation of Komarovsky, he says that he will follow them. He himself remains at the forest house, without really saying goodbye to his beloved.
Poems by Yuri Zhivago
Loneliness drives Yuri Andreevich crazy. He loses track of the days, and drowns out his frenzied, bestial longing for Lara with memories of her. During the days of Varykin's seclusion, Yura creates a cycle of twenty-five poems. They are appended at the end of the novel as “Poems by Yuri Zhivago”:
“Hamlet” (“The noise died down. I stepped onto the stage”);
"March";
“On Strastnaya”;
« White Night»;
"Spring minx";
"Explanation";
"Summer in the City";
“Autumn” (“I let my family leave…”);
“Winter Night” (“The candle was burning on the table...”);
"Magdalene";
"Garden of Gethsemane" and others.
One day a stranger appears on the doorstep of the house. This is Pavel Pavlovich Antipov, aka Revolutionary Committee Strelnikov. The men talk all night. About life, about revolution, about disappointment, and about a woman who was loved and continues to be loved. In the morning, when Zhivago fell asleep, Antipov put a bullet in his forehead.
What happened next to the doctor is not clear; we only know that he returned to Moscow on foot in the spring of 1922. Yuri Andreevich settles with Markel (the former janitor of the Zhivago family) and becomes friends with his daughter Marina. Yuri and Marina have two daughters. But Yuri Andreevich no longer lives, he seems to be living out his life. He gives up his literary activities, falls into poverty, and accepts the submissive love of the faithful Marina.
One day Zhivago disappears. He sends his common-law wife a short letter in which he says that he wants to be alone for some time, to think about his future fate and life. However, he never returned to his family. Death overtook Yuri Andreevich unexpectedly - in a Moscow tram car. He died of a heart attack.
In addition to people from the immediate environment recent years, an unknown man and woman came to Zhivago’s funeral. This is Evgraf (Yuri's half-brother and his patron) and Lara. “Here we are together again, Yurochka. How God brought us to see each other again... - Lara quietly whispers at the coffin, - Goodbye, my great and dear one, goodbye my pride, goodbye my fast little river, how I loved your all-day splash, how I loved to rush into your cold waves... Your departure, mine end".
We invite you to get acquainted with the poet, writer, translator, publicist - one of the most prominent representatives of Russian literature of the twentieth century. The novel “Doctor Zhivago” brought the writer the greatest fame.
Washerwoman Tanya
Years later, during the Second World War, Gordon and Dudorov meet the washerwoman Tanya, a narrow-minded, simple woman. She shamelessly tells the story of her life and her recent meeting with Major General Zhivago himself, who for some reason found her and invited her on a date. Gordon and Dudorov soon realize that Tanya is the illegitimate daughter of Yuri Andreevich and Larisa Fedorovna, born after leaving Varykino. Lara was forced to leave the girl at a railway crossing. So Tanya lived in the care of Aunt Marfusha’s caretaker, not knowing affection, care, not hearing the book word.
There is nothing left of her parents in her - Lara’s majestic beauty, her natural intelligence, Yura’s sharp mind, his poetry. It’s bittersweet to look at a fruit mercilessly beaten by life. great love. “This has happened several times in history. What was conceived ideally, sublimely, became crude and materialized.” So Greece became Rome, Russian enlightenment became the Russian revolution, Tatiana Zhivago turned into the laundress Tanya.