Matrix substitution of true values ​​in the modern world. Substitution of the enduring values ​​of spiritual culture

To the question: "What is life values? - everyone will answer in their own way, for someone, this is a family, people who have had a serious accident and are in a wheelchair, they will say that this is health. Life values ​​are universal concepts that are close to everyone: love, happiness, well-being, kindness.

Life Values ​​- Definition

What are life values? The very concept of “life values” includes guidelines that a person can rely on in life, what he can rely on in difficult moments, these are beliefs, principles, personality traits, ideals and a sense of the correctness and truth of what a person is guided by. The loss of life values ​​leads to a loss of meaning and despair and becomes a real test for a person.

What are life values?

For each person, life values ​​\u200b\u200bcan be their own, it depends on what was instilled in the family in childhood - a person “appropriates” many important things for himself as his own through the transmission of values ​​​​by parents. The upbringing of morality and other virtues in a child forms in him a harmonious personality with correct value orientations. Life Values ​​- List:

• love;
• moral;
• spiritual and physical health;
• self-realization;
• self-knowledge and self-development;
• close people (children, parents, spouses);
• friendship;
• kindness;
• compassion for people and animals;
• altruism;
• honesty.

The problem of life values

What life values ​​of a person should occupy a dominant position - this issue is also faced by young people, with insufficient life experience and those who have already passed a sufficient life path - it is human nature to make mistakes and lose oneself in the big cycle of life. This is the big problem with prioritization. Landmarks or beacons life path must remain: kindness, decency and the ability to listen to one's conscience.

Rethinking life values

Reassessment of life values ​​occurs in different periods life, they are called crises, often it is a painful process leading to the transformation of personality. A person who has not known suffering does not realize many things that are worth real attention and time. Many people, having gone through trials, after some time understand what it was all about and acquire new meanings.

True and False Life Values

Many civilizations have sunk into oblivion due to the fact that people forgot who they were and followed fictitious ideals and imposed values. A great experience of losses does not teach a person anything; false life values ​​continue to destroy what you really need to cherish: health, love, friendship. False values ​​arise because of the desire of a person to possess what is imposed on him by society, close people. When a person receives something that he assessed as important and worthwhile for himself, he experiences bitter disappointment.

Youth values

The substitution of life values ​​among young people is observed in modern world full of temptations. Digital technologies have entered life and replaced many worthwhile, real things, such as live communication, reading books. There is an impoverishment of emotions, feelings. Today's youth are referred to as Generation Z, addicted to gadgets. Consumption prevails over creation and creativity. Sociologists predict that a full-fledged family as a value will soon cease to exist.

Parable about life values

The main values ​​​​of life - wise men at all times talked a lot about them. A very useful parable about the important and secondary in life. One thinker, standing in front of his students, showed them an empty glass vessel and began to fill it with stones until he filled it to the top, then stopped and asked the observers if the vessel was full, to which he received a confirming answer. The sage took a handful of small stones and placed them in a jar, shook it and added stones several more times. I asked the students, who were watching with curiosity, if the vessel was full, they answered - “Yes!”.

The Thinker took out a jar of sand and poured it in a thin stream into a vessel with stones, and told the astonished disciples that the vessel with stones and sand was their life. Large stones are all those important values ​​without which life does not make sense: family, health, kindness. Smaller stones are something that is of secondary importance: property, various material goods, and finally, sand is vanity and trifles distracting from the main thing. If you first fill the vessel with sand, then there will be no room for the most important thing, which has real value.

Books about life values

Life Values ​​in literary works help to look at their existence differently, to see new meanings, or to save a person from rash acts. Modern people they read little and often, in pursuit of abstract happiness imposed by television and other media, they forget about real, real values, those that are always there. Books about the values ​​of life:

1. « wind runner» H. Hosseini. The story is amazing to the core about two boys from different classes, but this does not interfere with their friendship, a book about eternal human values.
2. « As long as I'm alive» J. Downham. She is 16 and wants to try everything and be in time, and the wish list is so big! About the value of every day and the perception of life as a gift given from above.
3. « A street cat named Bob. How man and cat found hope on the streets of London". Two solitudes met: a cat and a man, yes, animals can also become real friends, and in this real history, cat Bob helped his human friend cope with severe chemical addiction and realize what real life values ​​are
4. « Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Rescue". S. King. Even in the harsh conditions that turned out to be a gloomy prison for Andy Dufresne, one can remain humane. A best-selling book about the value of people and generosity, which is based on the film "The Shawshank Redemption".
5. « The little Prince" Antoine de Saint-Exupery. Classic relevant at all times. Friendship, love, betrayal and the value of any life, be it a rose or a fox, everything needs love and care. Ecological thinking and actions - this is what the book teaches.

Films about values

A person often realizes what real life values ​​are when difficult events occur in life, forcing them to finally “wake up” from hibernation, from the pursuit of material wealth. The main values ​​​​of life are simple and so humane, everything else begins to seem secondary, not worthy of attention. Movies that help you remember the important things in life.

Vladimirsky State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs

Alexandrova O.S., Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Department of Philosophy, Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs

Annotation:

The article deals with the concepts of everyday consciousness, the concept of value and their interaction. Such a phenomenon as the influence of consciousness on the formation of human values ​​is analyzed.

The article discusses the concept of ordinary consciousness, the concept of value and their interaction. It analyzed the phenomenon of consciousness influence on the formation of human values.

Keywords:

consciousness; ordinary consciousness; values

consciousness; everyday consciousness; value

UDC 1 The interest of specialists in the issue of ordinary consciousness has never weakened, but on the contrary, it aroused more and more interest, especially when society was approaching a hopeless situation. In those situations when society was on the verge of a crisis, ordinary practical consciousness was saved thanks to its pragmatic attitude and direct connection with life. Also, the interest of philosophers in the topic of everyday consciousness is due to the fact that philosophy is going through a stage of crisis in which a person cannot satisfy his worldview needs.

In everyday speech and in philosophical literature, the concept of worldview and its meaning are interpreted ambiguously. But nevertheless, the absence of a generally accepted definition does not mean that when used, its meaning will not be clear. Worldview is a set of views and beliefs of a person on the world as a whole and his place in it.

We can distinguish the following main characteristics of the worldview:

1) Worldview contains a certain set of general views of a person on the world and his place in it;

2) these views are not just knowledge about reality, but those principles that have become beliefs;

3) worldview determines the orientation of the individual, his points of view, the purpose and meaning of life; it manifests itself in the behavior of the individual.

The topic of everyday consciousness in the modern world is very extensive and covers all aspects of our lives. In various aspects, this term is used in the works of such authors as: Baranov S.T., Vicheva D.V., Shtoff V.A., Hegel G.V., Gorelova V.N., Dubinin I.I., Karmin A.S., Kasavin I.T., Kozlova N.N., Marx K., Engels F., Momdzhyan K.Kh., Naidysh O.V., Pukshansky B.Ya., Segal A.P., Ulybina E.V., Huizinga J. and others. But most of all I was interested in the thoughts and statements of Chelyshev P.V. in his report from the Philosophical Congress in Seoul. Reading his work, I really liked his words: “There is a substitution of values: a person is looking for the meaning of life not in the spiritual, but in the material sphere of being.” It is this aspect that I want to interpret in my work.

The purpose of my work is to understand how the substitution of human values ​​occurs through the influence of ordinary consciousness.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks are formulated and studied:

1) consider the concept of ordinary consciousness in comparison with "professional" consciousness, i.e. unusual.

2) consider the concept of "value" from several points of view,

3) consider "Material values" and "Spiritual values",

4) To highlight the aspect: "There is a substitution of values: a person is looking for the meaning of life not in the spiritual, but in the material sphere of being."

Various sources were used to write the work: textbooks, philosophical literature, philosophical encyclopedia, articles and online dictionaries. These sources reveal the essence of the concepts set forth in the tasks, explain the relevance and the interest of the public, the authors of these works express their points of view on the problems created and offer different methods for solving it.

First, in order to talk about ordinary consciousness, we need to understand what such consciousness is. Consciousness is interpreted differently in different sources. For example, in the textbook on the philosophy of Karmin A.S., Consciousness is the ability of the subject to reflect the surrounding reality and himself in ideal images, to create his own inner spiritual world and the language in which its content is expressed. In the psychology of consciousness, the following definition is given: Consciousness is the main point of a person's mental activity. Consciousness in a broad sense is interpreted as an independent substance, designed to create, judge and keep the world within the limits of what is permitted. Such an understanding of consciousness is characteristic of idealistic philosophy.

Consciousness seeks to find those patterns that are at the root of its essence. Consciousness is a kind of power that allows a person to perceive and foresee more than is given to animals. Consciousness, based on information in any amount, tries to guess how to act in order to achieve the set or desired goal. This is a much more effective strategy than making decisions through trial and error.

Consciousness contains two sides: the first is anticipation in the representation of the result of the transformation of the object of labor, i.e. knowledge, and the second is anticipation in the representation of people's relations. The second side is consciousness, knowledge from the side of social existence.

In philosophical science, there are three main approaches to explaining the nature of human consciousness:

1. The consciousness of the individual is a modification or part of the universal consciousness - cosmic, planetary or divine. If the “secondary” consciousness in relation to any other consciousness is human, then the question arises of how and from where the consciousness that became “primary” arose. A typical idealist answer is that this other consciousness is seen as a substance that "needs nothing but itself for its existence" (Descartes).

2. Consciousness is an integral part of matter. It is characteristic of all matter and any separate object of this matter. Consequently, all the bodies of the surrounding world have consciousness, perhaps to a different extent.

3. human consciousness arises in the process of development of matter. It is a product of the biological and social development of an individual and of all mankind as a whole. This approach is most consistent with the spirit of rationalism and materialism.

Consciousness is mobile, changeable, dynamic, active, it never exists in a "pure form" - this concept is revealed by the term "subjectivity of consciousness". Consciousness includes several basic structures: cognitive processes, which include sensations, perceptions, ideas, thinking, memory, language and speech; emotional states - positive and negative, active and passive, etc.; volitional processes - making and executing decisions, volitional efforts.

In view of the fact that we have considered consciousness and studied its basic definitions, now we can talk about ordinary consciousness. In the philosophy of the twentieth century, the question of ordinary consciousness became acute. This was connected both with the loss of the primacy of spiritual values ​​by modern man and the “material limitation of the individual” (K. Marx), and with the crisis of philosophy itself, which was no longer able to satisfy the worldview needs of a person .. Nevertheless, dialectical logic long ago suggested considering concepts in mode of their comparison with opposites, if any. In "ordinary consciousness" the opposite is "extraordinary", which, for clarity, can be stated as "professional".

Ordinary consciousness is a complex of attitudes, knowledge, ideas and stereotypes that are based on people's everyday experience. A significant place in the study of everyday consciousness, without any doubt, is given to the founder of the Scottish school of "common sense" T. Reid and his followers. T. Reed interprets everyday consciousness from the point of view of natural philosophy and metaphysics as a set of primary and not refuted by reason principles of common sense. The opposite of everyday consciousness is professional consciousness, which is a set of basic requirements, ideals and ideas aimed at a certain professional area in order to regulate professional relations between people and correlate narrow professional requirements with social attitudes.

But what is ordinary consciousness? On the one hand, everyday consciousness is an indispensable source of life, a resource of energy that cannot be killed. Ordinary consciousness serves as a natural model of man's conscious attitude to the world and to himself. It is a form of consciousness that for a long time coped admirably with difficulties. Everyday life. On the other hand, ordinary consciousness is fraught with a certain force that periodically “explodes” it from within and provokes specialized forms of social consciousness. In other words, it is the source and basis of life. Ordinary consciousness is to a high degree a diverse sphere that combines all the features of consciousness.

As a result of spiritual “impoverishment”, the world appears before a person of ordinary consciousness only as a set of profitable things, effective methods and methods for their use. But the interpretation of ordinary consciousness itself is polesemical, and there are many alternative theories and views that are difficult for our perception.

Firstly, the object itself is a historically formed form of consciousness, and secondly, the study of the object is at the stage where there is direct perception - being, which is “completely negatively determined not only in relation to the other, but also in itself.”

Professional consciousness, in comparison with ordinary consciousness, has a certain specificity, which has a certain subject area with professionally oriented linguistic means and includes images of consciousness, the content of which reflects the concept sphere of professional culture. As already mentioned, professional consciousness is specialized, it really exists as a certain set of different specific professional areas.

Children unconsciously begin to perceive the world from the ordinary, and school, university, books, art, media "pull" them to professionalism. This was given to adults, starting with priests, then there were teachers, then monarchs, then politicians. But what has supported this progress? Experiments, instruments, maximization of information, its application in practice, etc. "Interest" influenced this process in two ways: conservatively (religions, idealism) and progressively (materialism).

Summing up, we can say that everyday and professional consciousness are closely related to each other, they interact and are contradictory in the mind of a person. It is worth noting that professional consciousness equally with ordinary consciousness influences the formation of human values. Finding a profession, a person learns something new, identifies interesting aspects of life for himself, tries to realize himself in a professional social circle - all this forms new values.

Despite the fact that we have considered both professional and everyday consciousness, in order to understand such an aspect of everyday consciousness as the substitution of values, we should define and look at what values ​​are from several points of view.

"Value" as a philosophical category with a universal character, was introduced into philosophy as an independent category in the sixties of the nineteenth century. This process is compared with the arguments of the German philosopher G. Lotze "Foundations of Practical Philosophy" and with his essay "Microcosm". In his opinion, it is required to most accurately draw the line between the material world and the world of internal values. Only the "realm of ends" is the abode of values. The world of values ​​is not just a real existence as something worthy, but also turns out to be "the most real of everything in the world." Trying, apparently, to remove the opposition between the world of facts and the world of values, G. Lotze also referred to the intrinsic value of things, perceived by our ability to feel. His merit is in posing the question of the relationship between the objective and the subjective in values, and most importantly, in raising the concept of "value" to the circle of the main categories of philosophy.

Value implies universality and universality. This normative position of value has its own supernatural basis: "The highest values ​​of empirical life - knowledge, morality and art - become living acts of the Divine in man and acquire a higher and deeper meaning."

One of the scientists believes that value is opposed to reality. “Values ​​do not represent reality, either physical or mental. Their essence lies in their significance, and not in their factuality. (G. Rickert) Philosopher O. G. Drobnitsky in his encyclopedic article gives the concept of value as follows. “Value is such a concept that, firstly, denotes any significance of an object (positive or negative), in contrast to its existential and qualitative characteristics (objective values), and secondly, describes the normative, evaluative side of the value of consciousness.

Other definitions are also given: Value is the importance or significance of something, as well as a characteristic of an object that denotes recognition of its significance. In philosophy, value is the personal or socio-cultural significance of objects or phenomena. In economics, value is used as a synonym for value in use. In psychology, the “value system” is characterized by the fact that an individual under values ​​perceives what is considered valuable in the society around him.

Separate "Material values" and "Spiritual values". Material values ​​are values ​​in material form, in the form of property, goods, objects. Material values ​​are present in the life of every person and the beginning of these values ​​is in his needs, in those that cannot be satisfied without money, things and other items. An indicator of the significance of the material world in the life of each individual, someone cannot imagine his life without a huge number of things he needs and does not need, and someone can live carelessly without valuable items.

Many will say that material values ​​\u200b\u200bare comfort in the first place, and this is true. But it is unlikely that the role of things becomes higher than the significance of people, here problems begin. First of all, problems begin in the family, where spouses have different attitudes towards material things. Women do not have enough money that the husband earns or the husband does not consider it necessary to give his wife a salary, here you have conflicts in marriage.

Spiritual values ​​are those objects, phenomena, beliefs, attitudes and ideas that are important for spiritual culture and those that are connected in the moral, inner world of a person or people. For example, these are universal values, such as people, God, truth, or they are everyday values ​​- taking care of the family and order in the house, personal values ​​- realizing oneself in society, moving up the career ladder. We can say that those things that give a person the meaning of life are the source of his energy. If subject values ​​act as objects of human needs and interests, then the values ​​of consciousness perform a dual function: they are an independent sphere of values ​​and the basis, criteria for evaluating subject values.

Spiritual values ​​are specific internal state humanity, which has developed over millennia, which has no price and, as a rule, increases. The nature of spiritual values ​​is studied in axeology, i.e. in the theory of values, which establishes the relationship of values ​​with the world of realities human life. It's about, first of all, about moral and aesthetic values. They are rightfully considered the highest, since they largely determine human behavior in other value systems. For moral values, the main question remains the relationship between good and evil, the meaning of life, love and hate, the nature of happiness and justice. In the history of mankind, several successive attitudes can be noted, reflecting different value systems that form the corresponding type of personality. One of the most ancient is hedonism, that is, an attitude that affirms pleasure as highest good life and the criterion of human behavior.

There are many philosophical problems that are studied by several disciplines at the same time. The question of values ​​affects not only axiology, but also the philosophy of culture (cultural values), as well as ethics (goodness as a value), aesthetics (beauty as a value).

In the second half of the twentieth century there was a serious rethinking of values. The traditional society was replaced by a computer civilization, the industrial society was replaced by a post-industrial one, modernism became postmodernism. The new provisions of civilization gave rise to an ecological crisis. All this has led to a reassessment of our ideas about the world around us. But main question remains unchanged: which values ​​will win in the future?

A. Toffler, an American sociologist and futurologist, wrote: in the modern world, people have many opportunities and even more options for their further development, but what future they choose directly depends on what values ​​“come out” in the first place when making a decision .

Modern man has become less likely to turn to history, to philosophy, to traditional forms of religion, has become less interested in books and has forgotten that his spiritual development need to devote more time and attention. This process occurs as a result of the primacy in the consciousness of the material side of life over the spiritual. It happens that a person, turning to spiritual values, later converts all this into money, trying in practice to figure out how to make the most money on this or that material here and now.

“It is human nature to strive to increase. This may be an increase in the number of rubles, paintings, horses, an increase in ranks, muscles, knowledge, and only one increase is necessary: ​​an increase in kindness ”(L.N. Tolstoy.)

A system whose goal is only material wealth and success is immoral, anti-personal and therefore anti-cultural. For the development of personality, it is not necessary to have material wealth, because a person, associating himself with wealth, more and more forgets about his development. He has less time to work on himself, he is ready to work for the sake of money, but not for the sake of development. Yes, now there are a lot of goods and services that allow you to live comfortably in the modern world, which make you stand out from the crowd, but in the pursuit of these things, we succumb to the herd instinct and degrade. Now you can often hear “young people don’t read”, “what kind of uneducated youth we have” and much more, and the question immediately arises before us - why ?! It all depends on the environment, upbringing, innovation - now the world has become high-tech, many things are available on the Internet, notepads, alarm clocks, books, watches, dictionaries and much more can be replaced by just one gadget, in connection with this, young people have stopped reading, contacting with people in real space and time, they "stumbled" into Information Technology, thereby giving rise to a massive decline in society. Also, due to the fact that young people read little books and do not try to develop themselves as a person, they are influenced by society and everyday consciousness, they do not have their own opinion. This is explained by the fact that society lives according to the stereotypes and principles that have been formed over time, and young people believe that this is right, and finding new ones interesting ideas for a change own life They do not want to. Moreover, young people see that everything is easily achieved and gets if there is money, so they have money in the first place, and indifference to everything else.

But still, the development of a person as a person and his values ​​are determined by the person himself and his goals in life. A hardworking and persistent person will always achieve his goal, and a lazy person will continue to "carry himself with the flow of life" without making any effort to become better.

Speaking of society, I did not mention our environment in vain. Think, if there were always people around you who do not strive for anything, who have no goals, who are only interested in entertainment and a bottle of alcohol, would you want to strive for something more, more significant, higher? I think not, because you and your "friends" would be fine anyway. But even with such a life, for example, you unwittingly met a positive, successful, purposeful person who reads books, studies science and just tries to be better. This person aroused your interest and you no longer want to sit in the circle of your friends, you want to be no worse than this successful person. At this moment, you are changing your values ​​in life, rethinking your existence. And you have your own interests, motives and goals that help you become better.

But we cannot condemn other people, we need to take care of ourselves ... "For each person is unique and inimitable, and each person forms his own, unique and inimitable complex of higher life values ​​and ideals."

Since we had to consider the issue of substituting values ​​through everyday consciousness, I will remind you that everyday consciousness is a collection of ideas, knowledge, attitudes and stereotypes based on people's direct everyday experience.

In order to achieve the maximum number of people involved in the development of their personality, it is necessary to promote the usefulness of not only the material sphere of being, but also the spiritual one to a wide mass of consumers. Instead of advertising a new gadget, it would be better to advertise classical literature, for example, the work of F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment", because this novel can teach certain moral qualities, which in the future will not allow any very unpleasant mistakes in your life.

For the younger generation, the interest in the development of one's own personality should be cherished first of all by parents, and then by school teachers and teachers of higher education. educational institutions. Parents should instill in the child self-esteem and develop his desire to be better. Teachers and teachers should try to instill in the student a sense of morality and higher spiritual values, to interest him in the reproduction of a rich spiritual life and a beautiful "inner" world.

“A natural person ... in all his affairs and concerns is focused on the world” (E. Husserl)

In conclusion, I would like to say that each scientific work carries a semantic load, gives new knowledge or expands the previous one. For me, this work has become a very interesting study, in which I learned new aspects of our life in modern society.

The problem of everyday consciousness, and in particular the substitution of values, is gaining momentum and covers a significant part of humanity. I believe that it is necessary to fight this, and not turn a blind eye. predominance material assets over the spiritual - this is a complication of life in the modern world. People forget about their own self-development because of the lack of finances, not only to satisfy their pleasure, but, by and large, to live. Because of this, stereotypes are formed that life is comfortable only when you have a large amount of material wealth. First of all, our state should fight this, because when people become comfortable living on the money they earn, they will begin to be enlightened spiritually and culturally, which will contribute to a higher standard of living in the country and around the world. When the development of a person as a person will stand in our and public consciousness above the pursuit of material wealth, then there will come peace, tranquility and contentment with oneself, one's life, other people and the state.

In my work, I considered such concepts as consciousness, ordinary consciousness, values, material and spiritual significance. In the course of the work, all tasks were solved, namely:

1) the concepts of everyday and professional consciousness were considered

2) the concept of "value" is considered from several points of view.

3) considered the concepts of "Material values" and "Spiritual values", gave examples.

4) such an aspect as the substitution of values ​​is highlighted and the reasons why this happens are considered

Also, I would like to note that while writing the essay, I achieved the main goal - to understand how the substitution of values ​​occurs through the influence of ordinary consciousness. In short, most often society and the accumulated experience impose such a stereotype on them - “the main value of life is material wealth”, and the older a teenager becomes, the more he is influenced by society. And then the teenager takes actions for his greater prosperity, and not for self-development, and this is how a person’s values ​​are changed.

I would like to summarize the work and highlight the main ideas of the problem raised.

• Man depends on society and is under its influence.
• Professional consciousness, in comparison with ordinary consciousness, has a certain specificity, which has a certain subject area with professionally oriented linguistic means.
• Professional consciousness equally with ordinary consciousness influences the formation of human values
• The world of values ​​is not just a real existence as something worthy, but also turns out to be "the most real of everything in the world."
• Separate "Material values" and "Spiritual values".
• In modern society, a person prefers to increase the state, rather than develop his inner world.
• There is a stereotype in society that “life is comfortable only when you have a large amount of material wealth”.
• But still, each person is unique and inimitable, and each person forms his own, unique and inimitable complex of higher life values ​​and ideals.
• It is necessary to propagate the spiritual sphere of being.
• The predominance of material values ​​over spiritual ones is a complication of life in the modern world. The state, its representative persons, must fight against these.

While writing this work, I recognized myself in some of the statements of scientists. This prompted me to think more deeply about life in modern society. Scrolling through the picture of my own life in my memory, I found those moments when my values ​​were changed, and I realized what, first of all, I need to pay attention to in my personal life. This occupation was productive and, undoubtedly, became an impetus for setting new life goals.

Bibliographic list:

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5. Drobnitsky O.G. Value//Philosophical Encyclopedia. M., 1970. T. 5. State scientific publishing house "Soviet Encyclopedia", 742 p.
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Reviews:

11/30/2015, 04:22 PM Adibekyan Hovhannes Alexandrovich
Review: Adibekyan Hovhannes Alexandrovich. The mastery of selected issues is commendable, the display of personal achievements is also commendable. The comments are like this. Dialectical logic has long proposed considering concepts in the mode of their comparison with opposites, if any. The "ordinary consciousness" has an "extraordinary" which can be represented as "professional" for clarity. Why is this "pair" not in the work? But humanity began to think in the mode of precisely "ordinary consciousness", and then to move, but not by the whole composition, to the "professional" one. Children unconsciously start from the ordinary, and school, university, books, art, media "pull" them to professionalism. This was given to adults, starting with priests, then there were teachers, then monarchs, then politicians. But what has supported this progress? Experiments, instruments, maximization of information, its application in practice, etc. "Interest" influenced this process in two ways: conservatively (religions, idealism) and progressively (materialism). The "ideology" acted and did not stop doing it. To increase the value of the article, these factors should be taken into account by removing what is not directly related to the chosen problem. A worldview, a value in itself does not give anything productive, if one does not compare the "ordinary" consciousness with the "extraordinary". Professional consciousness influences values ​​no weaker than usual. There are no conclusions as the results of the study. The article should be improved.

30.11.2015 20:20 Response to the author's review Bagrova Oksana Valerievna:
Thank you for your comments. I finalized the article, compared ordinary and professional consciousness, and drew conclusions. Please read the work again.

30.11.2015, 22:48 Kolesnikova Galina Ivanovna
Review: Good job. Consistent. Logical. Meets all qualifying criteria. For the future: personal, emotional is not always appropriate in scientific papers. A scientific article should contain logic, facts, conclusions. Recommended for publication.
11/30/2015, 22:55 Adibekyan Hovhannes Alexandrovich
Review: Adibekyan Hovhannes Alexandrovich. I recommend the article for publication

4.12.2015, 14:26 Nazarov Ravshan Rinatovich
Review: The article as a whole is written on an interesting and relevant topic. There are some minor comments on the layout of the text. So, all the same, it is worth distinguishing between the classics of world philosophy (Hegel, Marx, Engels, Huizinga, etc.) and not write them on the same line with albeit respected philosophers (such as K.Kh. Momdzhyan and Co.), but still not world classics. The article is recommended.

What should come first in a person's life? How can a person be characterized by his chosen goal? It is these questions that arise when reading the text of D.S. Likhachev.

Commenting on the problem of true and false values ​​in life, the author relies on his own reflections. He believes that the worthy person distinguish his goals and aspirations - in the first place for such a person are goodness, humanity, compassion. And the one who sees the meaning of all life in acquiring a more expensive car, a more luxurious house, gives the impression of a base, unspiritual person.

It should be dictated by kindness to people, love for the family, for your city, for your people, country, for the whole universe.

It is impossible not to agree with the position of the author. If a person strives to do good deeds, to live with love for his neighbor and for the Fatherland, his life will be filled with joy, happiness, and the realization that he has benefited the world. Acquiring only material goods, a person will never be happy, he will constantly lack something. In the endless pursuit of material wealth, he will be devastated morally and spiritually.

Let us try to prove the correctness of our judgments by referring to literary argument. Let us recall the story of I.A. Bunin “The Gentleman from San Francisco”. The protagonist devoted his whole life to a career, the acquisition of capital. Finally, he decides to go on a cruise with his family. In an expensive hotel in Capri, while reading a newspaper, he suddenly dies. In order not to spoil the reputation of the institution, the manager orders the body of the deceased old man to be transferred in a soda box to the office. And then the dead man floats in the hold of the Atlantis steamer back to America, completing the earthly circle of life. With the death of the gentleman from San Francisco, nothing in the world has changed, no one except his family mourned his passing. This person served false values, saw the meaning of life in earning money in order to have the right to a luxurious vacation, to entertainment.

Let's go to one more literary example. In the story of A.P. Chekhov "Ionych" main character degrades as a person when the goal of his life is the accumulation of money, the purchase of houses. At first, Dmitry Ionych Startsev, a zemstvo doctor, walks, falls in love with the daughter of the Turkins, whose family is considered the most talented in the provincial city of S.. Having received a refusal from Ekaterina Ivanovna to propose a hand and heart, Startsev quickly calms down. He has a private practice in the city, money, his own troika, crew, coachman Panteleimon. Ionych's favorite pastime is counting rainbow papers, which he takes out of his pocket in the evenings. So gradually the zemstvo doctor loses his humanity, turns into an idol.

Thus, we were convinced that choosing a goal in life, a person thus gives himself an assessment. If he chooses material goods, then he can be assessed as the owner of a car or a summer house, nothing more. If he strives to do good to others, he evaluates himself at the level of humanity.

Let's remember the works on which our fathers and mothers, grandparents grew up - these were the works of the classics: Turgenev, Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Chekhov, Tolstoy and other excellent poets and writers.

The sublime images and characters of the protagonists urged us to imitate them in their fidelity, masculinity, culture of communication, subtle humor, developed in us the right concepts about duty and honor; exposed and ridiculed such character traits as hypocrisy, deceit, servility, sycophancy, infidelity, betrayal and much more.

If we now open almost any print publication fiction, some magazine, or newspaper, turn on the TV or go to the cinema, what do we see?

Today, adherents of lack of culture loudly proclaim: "We must live in step with the times," and they assert their category of values. And, unfortunately, the first place in this category is occupied by money, and for the sake of money, people today go to deceit, all kinds of lies, and even more serious crimes.

One person said:

“Who killed the most people? Because of Hitler, Stalin? - no, meet Benjamin Franklin, depicted on a 100-dollar bill.

Of course, we understand the irony of this statement, but unfortunately this category of human value completely depersonalizes him, making him cruel, envious, deceitful, hypocritical, and so on. The Bible says very accurately that the love of money is the root of all evil.

You can often hear indignation at the new laws in the country, the activities of the government, but if you think about it, what makes up my scale of values.

Maybe it's better to start with yourself and look at what books I read, what shows I watch, what movies I like, in the end, why I love my husband or wife and whether I love them at all.

There used to be a very common saying: "Tell me who your friends are, and I will tell you who you are." It has not lost its relevance today. Someone said that never before has a person been alone, as in the 21st century. But each of us seems to have mobile phones filled with a list of so-called friends. I say "so-called" because they are not actually friends. We need them or they need us, we get some kind of mutually beneficial cooperation from each other and nothing more. If something happens to me, no one will remember why? Yes, because no one will need me.

One man was in a car accident and became a wheelchair user, his wife left him; a blind child was born in another family, he was sent to an orphanage; in another family, the son became a drug addict and his parents abandoned him and kicked him out of the house.

And where is mercy, kindness, fidelity, revenue, mutual assistance, parental or filial duty?

One can cite dozens and hundreds of examples of such human tragedies that the world is filled with today due to the fact that people choose the wrong values ​​for themselves, which in fact are not.

So, the future of our children depends on what we choose today.

And if our category of values ​​is money, position in society, fame, greatness, etc., then do not be surprised if tomorrow your children consider you superfluous and send you to a nursing home; or, even worse, they will visit you only at your funeral in order to inherit your home and property.

But if in your life you adhered to the principles of honesty, decency, honor, kindness and mercy, even if it was sometimes to the detriment of your material condition, then believe that children will take an example from you; and you will not be ashamed in front of your neighbors because your son or daughter, even if they are rich, famous and famous, for some reason does not come to you.

I hope you choose the right values ​​in your life.

The modern world is actively changing, developing, however, in some areas not for the better. Changes also affect people, especially young people. It is actually left to itself, no one is engaged in the education of morality, the formation of personality. And in this situation, the problems of today's youth are growing like a snowball. These problems are a reflection of the vices and imperfections of the whole society . And only the solution of these difficulties will make it possible to improve the society. But to start the fight, you need to carefully study the "enemy". Increasingly, young boys and girls, instead of thinking about family, parents, personal growth, are trying to show their superiority through addiction to bad habits, violence. There is still a chance to change everything for the better and we need to start studying the problems that lie in wait for young people now.

The most important problems of today's youth.

Alcoholism

Would it be correct to speak of alcoholism as a social problem for young people? Of course, yes, because a person of any age and social status can become addicted to alcohol. Here it is necessary to take into account the hereditary predisposition (alcoholism is still a disease) and not to neglect the power of the retraction method. If the first acquaintance with alcoholic beverages took place at an early and even childhood age, then life becomes meaningless. A teenager loses willpower, ceases to believe in the bright - good, and drinking becomes an incentive for action. Sad statistics states that alcoholism is the most actual problem youth, which overtakes children of both sexes. A drunk teenager loses the ability to adequately perceive reality, is rude, unbalanced and prone to recklessness.

From the above, one more problem can be formulated - crime among young people. Most crimes are committed by teenagers under the influence of alcohol. This trouble is easier to prevent than to try to fight or eradicate. For this, efforts must be made to educate a full-fledged member of society, to protect the child from bad companies, to create conditions for his harmonious development (playing sports, music, reading, hobbies, etc.).

Addiction

Drug use is an even worse problem than alcoholism, because getting rid of such an addiction on your own is almost impossible. A teenager who has fallen into bad company is forced to try the drug (in order to keep up with "friends"). Further development of events is predetermined - in six months another drug addict appears in society.

Parents should not hope that this trouble will bypass the child, but instead control and actively participate in the life of their child. If this happens, then the teenager should be sent to.

Tobacco smoking

This problem is not as bad as the previous ones. But this is addiction, and it can become the first step on the way to more serious problems - drug addiction, alcoholism. If a teenager is seen smoking, then you can’t just leave it like that. It is necessary to find the right approach and use different methods of influencing the subconscious (conversations, examples from life), that is, to begin an active fight against teenage smoking.

crime, suicide

A sane teenager will rarely commit a crime, which means that he leads healthy lifestyle life and does not use drugs, alcohol. But often they decide to break the law because of imbalance, unrequited love. You need to constantly communicate with the child, establish contact, find a common language, and then he will be able to live happy life. You can not ignore the emotional state of a teenager, and if necessary, help to get out of depression.

Change of life values

Chasing the present, teenage girls do not think about the future family life, but strive for sexuality, depravity. This trend is also seen among boys. Very quickly, teenagers realize that they cannot become like their idols. Following such conclusions comes disappointment, loss of the meaning of life. If such problems have affected the child, then parents should not stand aside, hoping that "everything will pass." It is important to explain that the meaning of life lies elsewhere, and to help find it.