Is it possible to learn from other people's mistakes? Essay on the topic of experience and mistakes Short stories on the topic of experience and mistakes.

Essay requirements for the Unified State Examination last years changed several times, but one thing remained unchanged - the need to prove the correctness of one’s judgments. And for this you need to choose the right arguments.

The problem of repentance will interest us first of all. In this article we will present several options for arguments selected from school list literature. From it you can choose those that are best suited for your work.

What are arguments for?

When writing an essay for part C, you need to express your opinion regarding the given topic. But your thesis needs evidence. That is, it is necessary not only to express your position, but also to confirm it.

Very often the problem of repentance comes up in exams; it is quite easy to find arguments for it if the student is well acquainted with the school literature curriculum. However, not everyone manages to immediately remember the desired work, so it is better to select several arguments in advance on the most common topics.

What are the arguments?

In order to fully reveal the problem of repentance, arguments must be selected based on the basic requirements of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. According to them, all evidence is divided into three types:

• Personal experience, that is, facts taken from your life. They do not have to be reliable, since no one will check whether this actually happened.
• Information that the student received from the school curriculum. For example, from geography, history, etc. lessons.
• Literary arguments that will interest us in the first place. This is the reading experience that the examinee must acquire during training.

Arguments from literature

So, we are interested in the problem of repentance. Arguments from literature will be necessary if you want to get a high score for your essay. At the same time, when selecting arguments, you need to give priority attention to those works that are included in school curriculum or considered a classic. You should not take texts from little-known authors or popular literature (fantasy, detective stories, etc.), as they may be unfamiliar to the inspectors. Therefore, you need to refresh your memory in advance of the main works that were studied in school years. Usually in one novel or story you can find examples on almost all topics found in the Unified State Exam. The best option would be to immediately select several works that are familiar to you. So, let's look at the classics that raise the issue of repentance.

"The Captain's Daughter" (Pushkin)

The problem of repentance is very common in Russian literature. Therefore, it is quite easy to select arguments. Let's start with our most famous writer A.S. Pushkin and his novel “The Captain's Daughter”.

At the center of the work is the love of the protagonist Peter Grinev. This feeling is broad and comprehensive, like life. What interests us about this feeling is that it was thanks to him that the hero realized the evil that he had caused to his loved ones, realized his mistakes and was able to repent. Thanks to the fact that Grinev reconsidered his views on life and attitude towards others, he was able to change the future for himself and his beloved.

Thanks to repentance, his best qualities appeared in Peter - generosity, honesty, selflessness, courage, etc. We can say that it changed him and made him a different person.

"Sotnik" (Bykov)

Now let's talk about Bykov's work, which presents a completely different side of the problem of repentance. Arguments from the literature can be different, and you need to choose them depending on your statement, so it’s worth stocking up on a variety of examples.

Thus, the theme of repentance in “The Sotnik” is not at all similar to Pushkin’s. First of all, because the characters themselves are different. Partisan Rybak is captured and in order to survive, he needs to hand over a comrade to the Germans. And he commits this act. But years pass, and the thought of betrayal does not leave him. Repentance overtakes him too late, this feeling can no longer correct anything. Moreover, it does not allow the Fisherman to live in peace.

In this work, repentance did not become an opportunity for the hero to get out of the vicious circle and get rid of suffering. Bykov did not consider Rybak worthy of forgiveness. On the other hand, a person must answer for such crimes throughout his life, since he betrayed not only his friend, but also himself and his loved ones.

“Dark Alleys” (Bunin)

The problem of repentance may appear in a different light. Arguments for an essay on the Unified State Exam should be varied, so let’s take Bunin’s story “Dark Alleys” as an example. In this work, the hero did not have enough strength to admit his mistakes and repent, but retribution overtook him. Once in his youth, Nikolai seduced and abandoned a girl who sincerely loved him. Time passed, but she could not forget her first love, so she refused the advances of other men and preferred solitude. But Nikolai did not find happiness either. Life severely punished him for his crime. The hero's wife constantly cheats on him, and his son has become a real scoundrel. However, all this does not lead him to thoughts of repentance. Here repentance appears before the reader as an act that requires incredible spiritual effort and courage, which not everyone can find within themselves. It is for indecision and lack of will that Nikolai pays.

As an argument, an example from " Dark alleys"is suitable only for those who in their thesis addressed the problem of reckoning and retribution for those who did not repent of their atrocities. Only then will mentioning this work be appropriate.

"Boris Godunov" (Pushkin)

Now let's talk about the problem of delayed repentance. The arguments for this topic will be slightly different, since we will only be interested in one aspect of repentance. So, this problem is perfectly revealed in Pushkin’s tragedy “Boris Godunov”. This example is not only literary, but also partly historical, since the writer turns to the description of epoch-making events that took place in our country.

In "Boris Godunov" the problem of late repentance is very clearly presented. Arguments for written work on this topic must be selected taking into account Pushkin’s tragedy. In the center of the work is the story of Godunov, who ascended the royal throne. However, he had to pay a terrible price for power - to kill the baby, the real heir, Tsarevich Dmitry. Several years have passed, and now the time has come to repent. The hero is no longer able to correct what he has done; he can only suffer and suffer. His conscience haunts him; Godunov begins to see bloody boys everywhere. Those close to the king understand that he is weakening and going crazy. The boyars decide to overthrow the illegal ruler and kill him. Thus, Godunov dies for the same reason as Dmitry. This is the hero’s retribution for a bloody crime, repentance for which overtook him only after several years.

The problem of human repentance. Arguments from Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”

The theme of repentance became the basis for another great work, which gained considerable popularity and love among readers.

Main character commits a crime to prove his inhuman theory about inferior and superior people. Raskolnikov commits murder and begins to suffer, but tries in every possible way to drown out the voice of his conscience. He doesn't want to admit he's wrong. Repentance becomes a turning point in the life and fate of Raskolnikov. It opens the way for him to faith and true values, makes you reconsider your views and realize what is truly precious in this world.

Throughout the entire novel, Dostoevsky led his hero precisely to repentance and recognition of his guilt. This feeling made Raskolnikov's best character traits emerge and made him much more attractive. Although the hero still suffered punishment for his crime, and it turned out to be very severe.

The problem of repentance: arguments from life

Now let's talk about another type of argument. It is very easy to find such examples. Even if nothing like this has ever happened in your life, you can come up with it. However, such arguments are rated lower than literary ones. So, for a good book example you will get 2 points, but for a real example - only one.

Arguments based on personal experience are based on observations of one’s life, the lives of parents, relatives, friends and acquaintances.

Must be remembered

There are several general requirements for any essay, including those that reveal the problem of guilt and remorse. Arguments must necessarily confirm the thesis you have expressed and in no case contradict it. The following points must also be taken into account:

• Reviewers take into account and evaluate only the first two arguments, so there is no point in giving more examples. It is better to pay attention not to quantity, but to quality.
• Remember that literary arguments are rated higher, so try to include at least one similar example.
• Do not forget about examples taken from folklore or folk tales. Similar arguments are also taken into account, but are assessed with only one point.
• Remember that all arguments are worth 3 points. Therefore, it is best to follow the following scheme: one example from folklore or personal experience, the second from literature.

Now a few words about how to correctly write a literary argument:

• Be sure to include the author's last name and initials and the full title of the work.
• It is not enough to name the writer and the title; you need to describe the main characters, their words, actions, thoughts, but only those that are related to the topic of the essay and your thesis.
• The approximate amount of text per argument is one or two sentences. But these numbers ultimately depend on the specific topic.
• Start giving examples only after you have expressed your position.

Summing up

Thus, the problem of repentance is widely represented in literature. Therefore, choosing arguments for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language will not be difficult. The main thing is that all your examples confirm the thesis and look concise and harmonious. Often, the main problem of examinees is not the choice of work, but its description. Expressing an idea in a few sentences is not always easy. In order to avoid such a problem, you need to practice in advance. Take a sheet of paper and try to concisely and clearly describe your opinions, without going beyond the stated volumes.

The main thing is not to lose confidence and prepare as best as possible, then it will not be difficult to get it.

MOBU Nikitinskaya secondary school

teacher of Russian language and literature

Kilmukhametova L.M.

Basic Rules

How to write a final essay

To write a CORRECT essay, first of all, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic parameters. We all know that an essay consists of three parts: introduction, main part and conclusion. Part and paragraph are different concepts, do not be confused! Each part can be divided into paragraphs.

Rule #1. The introduction and conclusion should be three times smaller than the main part. Thus, the introduction and conclusion make up 1/5 of the text, the main part - 3/5 (plus or minus 5 words)

Let me remind you that the optimal length of the final essay is 350 words (minimum 250, maximum 450)

Rule No. 2. Two adjacent sentences should not contain the same or cognate words

Repetition is one of the most common speech errors. 4 errors - failure according to one of the criteria.

Rule #3. The parts of the sentence must be CLOSELY related to each other

How to check? Try reading the beginning of the main part (conclusion) separately. If everything is clear and sounds like a separate, complete text, this is bad.

Example: Pushkin’s work “The Captain’s Daughter” touches on the issue of honor. The protagonist's father taught him from childhood not to lose his dignity...

IN good essay Without reading the introduction, you can’t understand what it’s about. we're talking about in the main part or conclusion (introductory words and pronouns can come to the rescue).

Example: An example of such an attitude towards nature is Vasiliev’s novel “Don’t Shoot White Swans”….

Confirmation of my words can be found on the pages of Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter”...

As you can see, without a thesis it is not entirely clear what kind of relationship to nature we are talking about and what words I want to confirm. This is the connection.

Rule #4. DON'T TRY TO WRITE WITHOUT ERROR

Yes Yes. Don't even think about it. This is why many people take a lot of time to write an essay. We are unable to concentrate on two things at the same time. If you think about how to avoid making a mistake, you will stop formulating the thought. you will jump from one activity to another. Nothing good will come of this.

Try drawing a circle clockwise with your right hand and counterclockwise with your right foot. Did you manage to describe smooth circles and do it rhythmically? The same thing happens to our brain when we write an essay. Therefore, write as it is written to you. Don't worry about word count, lack of repetition, or connections between parts. The main thing is to write something, and then you can EDIT it. Cross out the excess, add where it is missing, replace repetitions with synonyms or pronouns, etc. (don’t forget about spelling and punctuation). Again, when checking your essay, look for each mistake separately, otherwise it will happen again like an arm and a leg. That is, you will need to re-read the essay at least three times.

Rule #5. First the skeleton - then the essay

The explanation will again be related to the structure of our brain. There are such concepts as associative thinking and chain reaction. They are often included during dialogue.

For example, Lena tells Irina something, and she remembers an anecdote on this topic about a cat. Lena tells a joke about a cat, and Irina remembers what a beautiful kitten she saw near Mega, in turn, Lena says that she was in Mega yesterday and saw a very cool dress and Irina is already wondering what to wear to prom? Etc. Perhaps Irina will never tell Lena her story to the end.

When we write an essay, we have an internal dialogue and we can also move away from the topic. Perhaps the text will be logical and coherent, but our conclusion will not correspond to the introduction ( the main idea conclusions and thesis will carry different meanings), and this will fail. To prevent this from happening, you need to compose and WRITE the skeleton of your essay on a piece of paper:

Main idea of ​​the argument

The main idea of ​​the conclusion

How to formulate a thesis and outline an essay

A pre-drawn and written plan will not allow you to go astray or, at a minimum, will save valuable time.

Plan structure:

Argument

Thesis in an essay - this is your own position (opinion) regarding the topic of the essay.

Important! A thesis is a clearly formulated and beautifully designed thought that fits into ONE sentence. It is this statement that should be argued in the main part. The thesis should be written at the end of the introduction.

Example:

I believe that love does not always fill a person’s heart with happiness, sometimes it can destroy a person’s life. (arguments " Garnet bracelet", "Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk".

Willpower, in my opinion, is our main ally in the fight against our own weaknesses. (arguments “Love of Life”, “Oblomov”)

Argument the essay substantiates the thesis and proves that your idea is correct. By the way, all arguments can be divided into two categories. The entire plot of the work can serve as an argument. For example, "Love of Life" by Jack London as an example of iron will. Using this work as an argument, it is enough to systematically convey the content of the entire story.

If we turn to larger works, then a specific episode (or several) will act as an argument. For example, when discussing honor and dishonor, we can cite as an argument the dialogue between Pugachev and Grinev (The Captain's Daughter), where Peter, at the risk of being executed, refuses to swear allegiance to the “great sovereign.” That is, all other points can be omitted. In this case, in order to formulate the argument correctly, it is necessary to briefly (3-4 sentences) outline the plot of the work, and then describe in vivid colors the scene (the character or action of the character, some situation, etc.), which is actually the argument .

Conclusion - summing up, logical conclusion. Here you need to be especially careful, because... You can go off topic. To write a conclusion correctly, you need to confirm that your position turned out to be correct, or continue your thought (thesis), it will be especially good if the conclusion sounds like parting words (recommendation) to the reader of your essay.

Example:

I believe that love does not always fill a person’s heart with happiness, sometimes it can destroy a person’s life. Conclusion: love can indeed hurt, so it is important to remember one more feeling - self-respect.

Thus, if the thesis, argument and conclusion are connected using introductory words, the essay plan turns into a short, but integral and meaningful text. If you succeed, you can rest assured that you are guaranteed a pass according to the first two criteria.

Essay plan:

I believe that love does not always fill a person’s heart with happiness, sometimes it can destroy a person’s life.

For example, Katerina (Lady Macbeth), having fallen in love with her employee Sergei, did not notice this man’s selfish intentions and was ready to do anything for him. She killed her own husband and his nephew, ended up in hard labor due to the fault of her chosen one, but continued to love him. Sergei did not reciprocate. Unable to withstand Sergei's bullying, Katerina committed suicide.

Thus, love can indeed hurt, so it is important to remember one more feeling - self-respect.

Now all that remains is to describe each point in more detail and your ideal essay is ready.

And finally. The easiest way to formulate a beautiful thesis is to go from the opposite, that is, choose an argument and draw a conclusion from it, which will serve as a thesis.

Directions

Experience and mistakes

Works about experience and mistakes. If you can't find an argument for your final essay in the "experience and mistakes" section, this list of references will help you.

A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" (Inexperienced Pyotr Grinev, having received freedom from parental control, lost a large sum. Youth is a time for mistakes)

L. N. Tolstoy's story "Youth" (The best work about mistakes made in youth. Youth is the time of mistakes)

A. S. Pushkin novel “Eugene Onegin” (People tend to commit rash actions. Eugene Onegin rejected Tatyana, who was in love with him, which he regretted, but it was too late. Mistakes are rash actions)

M. Yu. Lermontov novel “Hero of Our Time” (Only after losing Vera did Pechorin realize that he loved her. The worst mistake is not to appreciate what we have)

N.V. Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" ( Central character He has leadership qualities and, undoubtedly, his many years of experience give him self-confidence. Those around him knew this and listened to him. The role of experience. The value of experience._

A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter” (the experienced Andrei Grinev, who has seen life, gives his son the instruction “Take care of your dress again, but honor from a young age.” Peter listened to his father and tried to follow the order, which ultimately helped him earn the respect of Pugachev and thereby saved lives)

“Ionych” - a story by A. N. Chekhov

Argument:

The heroine of A. N. Chekhov’s story “Ionych”, Ekaterina Ivanovna, also made an irreparable mistake. One day, Doctor Dmitry Ionych visited her parents’ house. Watching how Ekaterina played the piano and how her eyes shone with childish naivety, Startsev fell in love. The doctor confessed his feelings to the heroine, but in response she cruelly played her admirer by scheduling a meeting at the cemetery, which she had no intention of going to. This act did not extinguish the flame in Ionych’s heart, and the next day he decided to ask for Ekaterina Ivanovna’s hand in marriage. The heroine did not reciprocate. As a young, inexperienced girl, Kotik, as her parents called her, considered herself very talented and predicted for herself the fame of a famous pianist. She was afraid that family life will hinder her career. Ekaterina Ivanovna was mistaken. Four years later, Kotick realized that “there is nothing special about her” and that it is more important to love and be loved. She hoped that Startsev’s feelings had not cooled, but it was too late. Time passed, and Kotik and Ionych remained unhappy and lonely.

Possible theses:

People often mislead themselves and regret it for the rest of their lives.

Some mistakes can ruin a person's life

By making a rash decision, a person risks ruining not only his own life, but also the lives of those around him.

Honor and dishonor

Works about honor and dishonor. A list of references in which you will find excellent arguments for the final essay on “Honor and Dishonor”

A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" (Grinev retained his honor even under pain of death)

M. A. Sholokhov story “The Fate of a Man” (Sokolov is a Russian soldier who was not afraid to look death in the eyes and earned the respect of the Nazis)

M. Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time" (Pechorin, knew about Grushnitsky's intentions, but nevertheless did not wish him harm. An act worthy of respect. Grushnitsky, on the contrary, committed dishonest act, offering Pechorin an unloaded weapon in a duel)

M. Yu. Lermontov poem “Song about the merchant Kalashnikov” (Kalashnikov gave his life for the honor of his family)

N. V. Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" (Ostap accepted death with dignity)

A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" (Shvabrin is a vivid example of a person who has lost his dignity)

F. M. Dostoevsky novel “Crime and Punishment” (Raskolnikov is a murderer, but the dishonorable act was based on pure thoughts. What is it: honor or dishonor?)

F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" (Sonya Marmeladova sold herself, but did it for the sake of her family. What is it: honor or dishonor?)

F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" (Dunya was slandered, but her honor was restored. Honor is easy to lose)

“War and Peace” - an argument for the final essay in the direction of “honor and dishonor”:

The problem of morality has always been a cross-cutting issue in the literature of the 19th century. Thus, in the work “War and Peace” Lev Nikolaevich touches on the theme of honor and dishonor. In the novel, one of the central characters, Pierre Bezukhov, appears before us as a completely naive, inexperienced young man who lived his entire youth abroad. Having become the owner of a large inheritance, Bezukhov, with his honesty and faith in the kindness of people, falls into the net set by Prince Kuragin. The prince's attempts to take possession of the inheritance were unsuccessful, so he decided to get the money in another way and married the young man to his daughter Helen, who did not have any feelings for her husband. In the good-natured and peace-loving Pierre, who learned about his wife’s betrayal with Dolokhov, anger began to boil and he challenged Fedor to battle. The duel highlights everything best qualities Pierre: his courage, his love of humanity, his moral strength. In this episode, the author contrasts the heroes: Pierre did not want to harm Dolokhov, much less kill him, in turn, Fedor lamented that he missed and did not hit Bezukhov.

Thus, Lev Nikolaevich, using the example of the main character, showed qualities that inspire respect, qualities that one should strive for. The pathetic intrigues of Prince Kuragin, Helen and Dolokhov brought them only misfortune. Lies, hypocrisy and sycophancy never bring real success, but entail the risk of tarnishing honor and losing dignity. (200 words)

Possible theses:

1. Maintaining honor means remaining human in any situation

2. A person’s honor can be judged not only by self-respect, but also by his attitude towards other people

Victory and defeat

Works about victory and defeat. Now you don’t have to look for arguments for the final essay on victory and defeat. We have selected an argument for every possible topic in this area.

I. A. Goncharov novel “Oblomov” (The main character could not overcome his laziness. The struggle with his weaknesses)

Jack London story Love of Life (Thanks to iron will, the hero overcame hunger, pain and remained alive. Victory over himself)

K. D. Vorobyov’s story “Killed near Moscow” (Alexey Yastrebov coped with fear and uncertainty. Victory over himself)

K. D. Vorobiev's story "Killed near Moscow" (Victory over the enemy)

M. A. Sholokhov story “The Fate of a Man” (The main character found the strength to live after losing his family. Victory over himself)

A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" (Shvabrin slanderes Grinev, but Masha manages to tell the empress everything. Shvabrin's plans collapsed. Defeat)

B. Vasilyev's story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” (Vaskov wins a victory over the Germans, but there is a stone in his heart, because he is the only survivor of the battle. The price of victory. The bitterness of victory)

N.V. Gogol's story Taras Bulba (Taras was brutally killed by the Poles, but this cannot be called a defeat. His spirit was not broken, he died with the thought of further victories of the Cossacks. What is victory?)

“Oblomov” - novel by I. A. Goncharov

Argument:

The hero of I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” was also defeated in the battle with his own shortcomings. Ilya Ilyich grew up in a family where life went on smoothly and measuredly, without shocks. Surrounded by care, Ilyusha grew up to be a dependent man. Lying on the sofa was his usual way of life, and nothing aroused his interest. When problems fell on Oblomov, he did not take any measures. The hero only complained to everyone about life, dreamed that everything would be resolved on its own and waited for the arrival of his childhood friend, hoping that he would help figure everything out. Oblomov understood that something needed to be changed in his life. With Stolz's arrival, he began to wake up early, become interested in what was happening in the world, and even fell in love. But the very first obstacle, moving from the city to the dacha, returned Oblomov to his usual way of life. Ilya Ilyich failed to change; until the end of his days he remained a lazy, dependent person in need of care. (143 words)

Possible theses:

1. Willpower is our best ally in the fight against our own shortcomings

2. Trying to change for the better means challenging yourself

Reason and feeling

Works about the mind and feelings. Now you don’t have to look for arguments for the final essay in the area of ​​reason and feelings. We have selected two arguments for each possible topic in this area.

A. I. Kuprin story “The Garnet Bracelet” (some feelings can only be extinguished by death)

A. N. Ostrovsky play “The Thunderstorm” (some feelings can only be extinguished by death)

A. S. Griboedov play “Woe from Wit” (you cannot become happy, guided only by common sense)

A. N. Ostrovsky play "The Thunderstorm" (Katerina realized that she was doing wrong, but followed the lead of her feelings. Feelings are stronger than reason)

N.V. Gogol story “Taras Bulba” (Taras was able to step over his father’s feelings and killed his traitor son)

A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" (Grinev realized that he could be executed, but his self-esteem turned out to be stronger)

A. S. Pushkin novel “Eugene Onegin” (Tatyana is unhappy in an arranged marriage, because she is in love with Onegin. Feeling is more important than reason)

M. Yu. Lermontov novel “Hero of Our Time” (Vera is not happy in her marriage to her unloved husband. Feeling is more important than reason)

“Garnet Bracelet” - a story by A. I. Kuprin

Argument:

Zheltkov, the hero of Kuprin’s story “The Garnet Bracelet,” also could not cope with his feelings. This man, having seen Vera Nikolaevna once, fell in love with her for the rest of his life. The hero did not expect reciprocity from the married princess. He understood everything, but he couldn’t help himself. Faith was the small meaning of Zheltkov’s life, and he believed that it was God who rewarded him with such love. The hero showed his feelings only in letters, without showing himself to the princess. On the day of the Angel of Faith, a fan gave his beloved a garnet bracelet and attached a note in which he asked for forgiveness for the trouble he had once caused. When the princess’s husband and her brother found Zheltkov, he admitted the indecency of his behavior and explained that he sincerely loved Vera and that only death could extinguish this feeling. Finally, the hero asked Vera’s husband for permission to write her a last letter, and after the conversation he said goodbye to life (134 words)

Possible theses:

1. Sincere feelings are not subject to human will

2. Only death can kill true feelings.

Reason and feeling argument based on Ostrovsky's play "The Thunderstorm" for the final essay:

Talking about real and sincere feelings, I would like to turn to the play “The Thunderstorm”. In this work, A. N. Ostrovsky was able to convey mental torment with all the vividness of emotions main character. In the 19th century, a huge number of marriages were not for love; parents tried to marry their daughter to someone who was richer. The girls were forced to live with an unloved person all their lives. Katerina found herself in a similar situation, who was married to Tikhon Kabanov from a wealthy merchant family. Katya's husband was a pitiful sight. Irresponsible and childish, he was incapable of anything other than drunkenness. Tikhon’s mother, Marfa Kabanova, embodied the ideas of tyranny and hypocrisy inherent in everything “ dark kingdom“, so Katerina was constantly under pressure.

The heroine strove for freedom; it was difficult for her in the conditions of slavish worship of false idols. The girl found solace in communicating with Boris. His care, affection and sincerity helped the unfortunate heroine forget about the oppression from Kabanikha. Katerina realized that she was doing wrong and would not be able to live with it, but her feelings turned out to be stronger and she cheated on her husband. Tormented by remorse, the heroine repented to her husband, after which she threw herself into the river. (174 words)

Possible theses:

1. Sometimes people get caught up in their own feelings.

2. Feelings can be so strong that it’s easier to say goodbye to life than to hide them.

Friendship and enmity

List of works about friendship and enmity. Now you don’t have to look for arguments for the final essay on friendship and enmity. We have selected two arguments for each possible topic in this area.

V. L. Kondratiev’s story “Sashka” (what is a person ready for for a friend?)

A. S. Pushkin historical story"The Captain's Daughter" (Grinev and Shvabrin - why does friendship collapse? Betrayal)

I. S. Turgenev novel “Fathers and Sons” (Kirsanov and Bazarov - why does friendship collapse?)

A. S. Pushkin historical story "The Captain's Daughter" (Grinev and Pugachev - indirect enmity, enemy - potential friend)

I. A. Goncharov novel “Oblomov” (Oblomov and Stolz - friends must complement each other)

V. G. Korolenko's story "Children of the Dungeon" (true friendship, selflessness of children's friendship)

N.V. Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" (Taras Bulba believed that friendship/comradeship is more important than family)

"Captain's daughter"

Heroes can serve as a striking example of warring comrades historical novel A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”. Grinev Peter at the age of seventeen was sent by his father to the army to “sniff gunpowder” and “pull the strap.”

The Belgorod fortress, where the young man was sent, turned out to be not a formidable bastion, but a village surrounded by a wooden fence. Instead of a brave garrison there were disabled people, and instead of artillery there was an old cannon filled with garbage. There Grinev met Alexey Shvabrin. The officer himself came to Peter when he learned of his arrival, saying that he was overcome by the desire to finally see a human face. But the friendship of the young men ended before it began.

It all started when Grinev shared with his friend his feelings for captain's daughter and showed the song written for her. Shvabrin criticized the lines and allowed himself dirty hints regarding Masha’s “character and customs.” Later it turned out that Alexey himself wooed the girl, but was refused. Their quarrel ended in a duel, where Peter was wounded.

After the invasion of Pugachev's rebels, mutual hostility between the heroes gives way to hatred. Grinev remained faithful to the empress with honor, and Shvabrin, who swore allegiance to the robber, was appointed commandant of the fortress where Masha remained. Her parents were killed and the priest betrayed her captain's daughter for my niece. The traitor forced the girl to marry him, threatening to tell who she really was. Shvabrin’s plans did not come true, Grinev freed the captain’s daughter, and was pardoned by Pugachev, despite Shvabrin’s efforts.( 211 words)

Possible theses:

1. Often the cause of enmity between comrades is a woman

2. A woman can ruin a man's friendship.

3. Why do friends become enemies?

4. If a friend betrayed you, then he was not your friend.

"Experience and mistakes"

Official comment:

Within the framework of the direction, discussions are possible about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, a people, humanity as a whole, about the cost of mistakes on the path to understanding the world, gaining life experience. Literature often makes you think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes, without which it is impossible to move forward. life path, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.

“Experience and errors” is a direction in which a clear opposition of two polar concepts is less implied, because without errors there is and cannot be experience. Literary hero By making mistakes, analyzing them and thereby gaining experience, he changes, improves, and takes the path of spiritual and moral development. By assessing the actions of the characters, the reader acquires his invaluable life experience, and literature becomes a real textbook of life, helping not to make one’s own mistakes, the price of which can be very high. Speaking about the mistakes made by the heroes, it should be noted that a wrong decision or an ambiguous act can affect not only the life of an individual, but also have the most fatal impact on the destinies of others. In literature we also encounter tragic mistakes that affect the destinies of entire nations. It is in these aspects that one can approach the analysis of this thematic area.

Aphorisms and sayings of famous people:

 You should not be timid for fear of making mistakes; the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself of experience. Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues

 In all matters, we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and correcting ourselves. Karl Raymund Popper

 Learn from every mistake. Ludwig Wittgenstein

 Shyness may be appropriate everywhere, but not in admitting one’s mistakes. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

 It is easier to find error than truth. Johann Wolfgang Goethe

List of literature in the field of “Experience and mistakes”

A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”

L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”

F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”

M. Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”

A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”

I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”

I. A. Bunin “Mr. from San Francisco”

A. I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet”

A. S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit”

Guy de Maupassant "The Necklace"

Materials for literary arguments.

M. Yu. Lermontov novel “Hero of Our Time”

Only after losing Vera did Pechorin realize that he loved her. The worst mistake is not appreciating what you have.

A socialite and relative of Princess Mary, Vera, came to Kislovodsk. Readers learned that Pechorin was once passionately in love with this woman. She also retained a bright feeling for Grigory Alexandrovich in her heart. Vera and Gregory met. And here we saw a different Pechorin: not a cold and angry cynic, but a man of great passions, who had not forgotten anything and felt suffering and pain. After meeting with Vera, who, being a married woman, could not unite with the hero who was in love with her, Pechorin threw himself into the saddle. He galloped over mountains and valleys, greatly exhausting his horse.

On a horse exhausted from fatigue, Pechorin accidentally met Mary and frightened her.

Soon Grushnitsky, with ardent feeling, began to prove to Pechorin that after all his antics he would never be received in the princess’s house. Pechorin argued with his friend, proving the opposite.
Pechorin went to the ball with Princess Ligovskaya. Here he began to behave unusually courteously towards Mary: he danced with her like a wonderful gentleman, protected her from a tipsy officer, and helped her cope with fainting. Mother Mary began to look at Pechorin with different eyes and invited him to her house as a close friend.

Pechorin began to visit the Ligovskys. He became interested in Mary as a woman, but the hero was still attracted to Vera. On one of their rare dates, Vera told Pechorin that she was terminally ill with consumption, so she asked him to spare her reputation. Vera also added that she always understood the soul of Grigory Alexandrovich and accepted him with all his vices.

Pechorin, however, became friends with Mary. The girl admitted to him that she was bored with all the fans, including Grushnitsky. Pechorin, using his charm, out of nothing to do, made the princess fall in love with him. He couldn’t even explain to himself why he needed this: either to have fun, or to annoy Grushnitsky, or perhaps to show Vera that someone needed him too and, thereby, to provoke her jealousy. Gregory got what he wanted: Mary fell in love with him, but at first she hid her feelings.

Meanwhile, Vera began to worry about this novel. On a secret date, she asked Pechorin never to marry Mary and promised him a night meeting in return.

Pechorin began to get bored in the company of both Mary and Vera.

Vera confessed to her husband her feelings for Pechorin. He took her out of town. Pechorin, having learned about Vera’s imminent departure, mounted his horse and tried to catch up with his beloved, realizing that he had no one more dear to her in the world. He drove a horse that died before his eyes.

A. S. Pushkin novel “Eugene Onegin”

People tend to do rash things. Eugene Onegin rejected Tatyana, who was in love with him, which he regretted, but it was too late. Mistakes are thoughtless actions.

Evgeny lived an idle life, walking along the boulevard during the day, and in the evening visiting luxurious salons where he was invited famous people St. Petersburg. The author emphasizes that Onegin, “fearing jealous condemnation,” was very careful about his appearance, so he could spend three hours in front of the mirror, bringing his image to perfection. Evgeniy returned from the balls in the morning, when the rest of the residents of St. Petersburg were rushing to work. By noon the young man woke up and again

“Until the morning his life is ready,
Monotonous and colorful."

However, is Onegin happy?

“No: his feelings cooled down early;
He was tired of the noise of the world.”

Evgeniy withdraws from society, locks himself at home and tries to write on his own, but the young man does not succeed, since “he was sick of persistent work.” After this, the hero begins to read a lot, but realizes that literature will not save him: “like women, he left books.” Evgeniy from the sociable, socialite becomes a withdrawn young man, prone to “caustic argument” and “joking with bile in half.”

Evgeniy lived in a picturesque village, his house was located by the river, surrounded by a garden. Wanting to somehow entertain himself, Onegin decided to introduce new orders in his domains: he replaced corvee with “light rent.” Because of this, the neighbors began to treat the hero with caution, believing “that he is a most dangerous eccentric.” At the same time, Evgeny himself avoided his neighbors, avoiding getting to know them in every possible way.

At the same time, the young landowner Vladimir Lensky returned from Germany to one of the nearest villages. Vladimir was a romantic person. However, among the villagers, Lensky’s special attention was attracted by the figure of Onegin, and Vladimir and Evgeniy gradually became friends.

Tatiana:

“Wild, sad, silent,
Like a forest deer, fearful.”

Onegin asks if he can see Lensky's beloved and his friend invites him to go to the Larins.

Returning from the Larins, Onegin tells Vladimir that he was pleased to meet them, but his attention was more attracted not by Olga, who “has no life in her features,” but by her sister Tatyana, “who is sad and silent, like Svetlana.” Onegin's appearance at the Larins' house caused gossip that perhaps Tatiana and Evgeniy were already engaged. Tatyana realizes that she has fallen in love with Onegin. The girl begins to see Evgeniy in the heroes of the novels, to dream about the young man, walking in the “silence of the forests” with books about love.

Evgeny, who even in his youth was disappointed with relationships with women, was touched by Tatyana’s letter, and that is why he did not want to deceive the gullible, innocent girl.

Having met Tatyana in the garden, Evgeniy spoke first. The young man said that he was very touched by her sincerity, so he wants to “repay” the girl with his “confession.” Onegin tells Tatyana that if a “pleasant lot had commanded” him to become a father and husband, he would not have looked for another bride, choosing Tatyana as his “girlfriend of days.”<…>sad." However, Eugene “was not created for bliss.” Onegin says that he loves Tatyana like a brother and at the end of his “confession” turns into a sermon to the girl:

“Learn to control yourself;
Not everyone will understand you like I do;
Inexperience leads to disaster."

After the duel with Lensky, Onegin leaves

The narrator again meets the now 26-year-old Onegin at one of the social events.

At the evening, a lady appears with a general, who attracts everyone's attention from the public. This woman looked “quiet” and “simple.” Evgeny recognizes Tatyana as a socialite. Asking a friend of the prince who this woman is, Onegin learns that she is the wife of this prince and indeed Tatyana Larina. When the prince brings Onegin to the woman, Tatiana does not show her excitement at all, while Eugene is speechless. Onegin cannot believe that this is the same girl who once wrote him a letter.

In the morning, Evgeniy receives an invitation from Prince N., Tatiana’s wife. Onegin, alarmed by memories, eagerly goes to visit, but the “stately”, “careless Lawgiver of the hall” does not seem to notice him. Unable to bear it, Evgeniy writes a letter to the woman in which he confesses his love to her.

One spring day, Onegin goes to Tatyana without an invitation. Eugene finds a woman crying bitterly over his letter. The man falls at her feet. Tatyana asks him to stand up and reminds Evgenia how in the garden, in the alley she humbly listened to his lesson, now it’s her turn. She tells Onegin that she was in love with him then, but found only severity in his heart, although she does not blame him, considering the man’s act noble. The woman understands that now she is in many ways interesting to Eugene precisely because she has become a prominent socialite. In parting, Tatyana says:

“I love you (why lie?),
But I was given to another;
I will be faithful to him forever"

And he leaves. Evgeny is “as if struck by thunder” by Tatiana’s words.

“But a sudden ringing sound rang out,
And Tatyana’s husband showed up,
And here is my hero,
In a moment that is evil for him,
Reader, we will now leave,
For a long time... forever...”

I. S. Turgenev novel “Fathers and Sons”

Evgeny Bazarov - the path from nihilism to acceptance of the diversity of the world.

Nihilist, a person who does not take principles for granted.u.

Hearing Nikolai Kirsanov play the cello, Bazarov laughs, which causes Arkady's disapproval. Denies art.

An unpleasant conversation took place during evening tea. By calling one landowner a “rubbish aristocrat,” Bazarov displeased the elder Kirsanov, who began to argue that by following principles, a person benefits society. Eugene responded by accusing him of living meaninglessly, like other aristocrats. Pavel Petrovich objected that the nihilists, with their denial, are only aggravating the situation in Russia.

Friends come to visit Odintsova. The meeting made an impression on Bazarov and he, unexpectedly, became embarrassed.

Bazarov behaved differently than always, which greatly surprised his friend. He talked a lot, talked about medicine and botany. Anna Sergeevna willingly supported the conversation, as she understood the sciences. She treated Arkady like a younger brother. At the end of the conversation, she invited the young people to her estate.

While living on the estate, Bazarov began to change. He fell in love, despite the fact that he considered this feeling a romantic billbird. He could not turn away from her and imagined her in his arms. The feeling was mutual, but they did not want to open up to each other.

Bazarov meets his father’s manager, who says that his parents are waiting for him, they are worried. Evgeniy announces his departure. In the evening, a conversation takes place between Bazar and Anna Sergeevna, where they try to understand what each of them dreams of getting from life.

Bazarov confesses his love to Odintsova. In response, he hears: “You didn’t understand me,” and feels extremely awkward. Anna Sergeevna believes that without Evgeny she will be calmer and does not accept his confession. Bazarov decides to leave

They were received well in the house of the elder Bazarovs. The parents were very happy, but knowing that their son did not approve of such a manifestation of feelings, they tried to remain more restrained. During lunch, the father talked about how he runs the household, and the mother just looked at her son.

Bazarov spent very little time at his parents’ house, as he was bored. He believed that with their attention they were interfering with his work. There was an argument between friends that almost escalated into a quarrel. Arkady tried to prove that it was impossible to live like this, Bazarov did not agree with his opinion.

Parents, having learned about Evgeniy’s decision to leave, were very upset, but tried not to show their feelings, especially his father. He reassured his son that if he had to leave, then he had to do it. After leaving, the parents were left alone and were very worried that their son had abandoned them.

On the way, Arkady decided to take a detour to Nikolskoye. Friends were greeted very coldly. Anna Sergeevna did not come down for a long time, and when she appeared, she had a dissatisfied expression on her face and from her speech it was clear that they were not welcome.

Having met with Odintsova, Bazarov admits his mistakes. They tell each other that they want to remain just friends.

Arkady confesses his love to Katya, asks for her hand in marriage and she agrees to become his wife. Bazarov says goodbye to his friend, angrily accusing him of being unsuitable for decisive matters. Evgeniy goes to his parents' estate.

Living in parental home, Bazarov doesn’t know what to do. Then he begins to help his father, treating the sick. While opening up a peasant who died of typhus, he accidentally injures himself and becomes infected with typhus. A fever begins, he asks to send for Odintsova. Anna Sergeevna arrives and sees a completely different person. Before his death, Evgeniy tells her about his real feelings, and then dies.

Eugene rejected the love of his parents, rejected his friend, denied feelings. And only on the verge of death was he able to understand that he had chosen the wrong behavior in his life. We cannot deny what we cannot explain. Life is multifaceted.

I. A. Bunin story “Mr. from San Francisco”

Is it possible to gain experience without making mistakes? In childhood and adolescence, our parents protect us and advise us on problematic issues. This largely protects us from mistakes, helps us form character, and gain only useful experience in this life, although not everything always works out well. But the real essence We understand life when we independently take the wing. A more meaningful view of what is happening and a sense of responsibility make big changes in our lives. An adult makes decisions independently, is responsible for himself, understands from his own experience what life is, and looks for his own path through trial and error. You can understand the true essence of the problem only by experiencing it yourself, but it is unknown what trials and difficulties this will bring, and how a person will be able to cope with it.

In Ivan Alekseevich Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco,” the main character does not have a name. We understand that the author puts deep meaning into his work. The hero image refers to people who make the mistake of postponing their lives for later. A gentleman from San Francisco devoted his whole life to work, he wanted to save enough money, become rich, and then start living. All the experience that the main character gained was related to his work. He paid no attention to his family, friends, or himself. I could tell he wasn't paying attention to life, he wasn't enjoying it. Going on a trip with his family, the gentleman from San Francisco thought that his time was just beginning, but as it turned out, that’s where it ended. His main mistake was that he put his life on hold, devoting himself only to work, and over the years he acquired nothing but wealth. The main character did not put his soul into his own child, did not give love and did not receive it himself. All he achieved was financial success, but during his lifetime he never learned the most important thing.

The experience of the main character would become invaluable if others learned from his mistakes, but, unfortunately, this does not happen. Many people continue to put off their lives for later, which may not come. And the price for such an experience will be a one and only life.

A. I. Kuprin story “Garnet Bracelet”

On her name day, September 17, Vera Nikolaevna was expecting guests. My husband left on business in the morning and had to bring guests for dinner.

Vera Nikolaevna, whose love for her husband had long been reborn into “a feeling of lasting, faithful, true friendship,” supported him as best she could, saved, and denied herself much.

After dinner, everyone except Vera sat down to play poker. She was about to go out onto the terrace when the maid called her. On the table in the office where both women entered, the servant laid out a small package tied with a ribbon and explained that a messenger had brought it with a request to hand it over personally to Vera Nikolaevna.

Vera found a gold bracelet and a note in the package. First she began to look at the decoration. At the center of the low-grade gold bracelet were several magnificent garnets, each about the size of a pea. Examining the stones, the birthday girl turned the bracelet, and the stones flashed like “lovely deep red living lights.” With alarm, Vera realized that these lights looked like blood.

He congratulated Vera on Angel Day and asked her not to hold a grudge against him for having dared to write letters to her and expect an answer several years ago. He asked to accept a bracelet as a gift, the stones of which belonged to his great-grandmother. From her silver bracelet, he exactly repeated the arrangement, transferred the stones to the gold one and drew Vera’s attention to the fact that no one had ever worn the bracelet. He wrote: “however, I believe that in the whole world there is not a treasure worthy to adorn you” and admitted that all that now remains in him is “only reverence, eternal admiration and slavish devotion”, an every-minute desire for happiness to Faith and joy if she's happy.

Vera was wondering whether she should show the gift to her husband.

On the way to the carriage waiting for the general, Anosov talked with Vera and Anna about how he had never met true love in his life. According to him, “love must be a tragedy. The greatest secret in the world."

The general asked Vera what was true in the story told by her husband. And she gladly shared with him: “some madman” pursued her with his love and sent letters even before marriage. The princess also told about the parcel with the letter. In thought, the general noted that it was quite possible that Vera’s life was crossed by the “single, all-forgiving, ready for anything, modest and selfless” love that any woman dreams of.

Shein and Mirza-Bulat-Tuganovsky, Vera’s husband and brother, paid a visit to her admirer. He turned out to be the official Zheltkov, a man of about thirty to thirty-five.Nikolai immediately explained to him the reason for coming - with his gift he had crossed the line of patience of Vera’s loved ones. Zheltkov immediately agreed that he was to blame for the persecution of the princess. Zheltkov asked permission to write his last letter to Vera and promised that visitors would not hear or see him again. At Vera Nikolaevna’s request, he stops “this story” “as soon as possible.”

In the evening, the prince conveyed to his wife the details of his visit to Zheltkov. She was not surprised by what she heard, but was slightly worried: the princess felt that “this man would kill himself.”

The next morning, Vera learned from the newspapers that due to the waste of public money, the official Zheltkov committed suicide. All day Sheina thought about the “unknown man” whom she never got to see, not understanding why she foresaw the tragic outcome of his life. She also remembered Anosov’s words about true love, perhaps meeting her on the way.

The postman brought Zheltkov’s farewell letter. He admitted that he regards his love for Vera as a great happiness, that his whole life lies only in the princess. He asked to forgive him for having “cut into Vera’s life like an uncomfortable wedge,” thanked her simply for the fact that she lived in the world, and said goodbye forever. “I tested myself - this is not a disease, not a manic idea - this is love with which God wanted to reward me for something. As I leave, I say in delight: “Hallowed be Thy name,” he wrote.

After reading the message, Vera told her husband that she would like to go and see the man who loved her. The prince supported this decision.

Vera found an apartment that Zheltkov was renting. The landlady came out to meet her and they started talking. At the request of the princess, the woman told about last days Zheltkova, then Vera went into the room where he was lying. The expression on the deceased’s face was so peaceful, as if this man “before parting with life had learned some deep and sweet secret that resolved his entire human life.”

At parting, the owner of the apartment told Vera that if he suddenly died and a woman came to say goodbye to him, Zheltkov asked him to tell her that best work Beethoven - he wrote down its title - “L. van Beethoven. Son. No. 2, op. 2. Largo Appassionato.”

Vera began to cry, explaining her tears with the painful “impression of death.”

Vera committed main mistake in my life, I missed the sincere and strong love, which is very rare.

Human life is difficult. It is full of serious situations, difficult decisions, because of which a person can stumble or commit a bad act. How should you deal with your mistakes? D.S. suggests thinking about this problem. Likhachev, the author of the text offered to me for analysis.

The author, arguing his position on the stated problem, says that “no one is free from mistakes in our lives.” D.S. Likhachev draws the reader's attention to the fact that even a person who does nothing against his will can stumble. The author writes with alarm that a person who has made a mistake may fall into despair. D.S. Likhachev, proving the inadmissibility of such a situation, says that it is important to “find courage and admit mistakes.” He gives the example of a man who committed a bad act in his youth, but admitted his mistake and changed. The sins of youth did not prevent this man from becoming someone admired and appreciated. By talking about this, the author seeks to convince the reader that the ability to admit one’s guilt does not spoil, but beautifies a person.

The author's position is expressed openly: he believes that a person can make mistakes, but he must admit his mistakes. The author is sure that mistakes are not a path to despair and disappointment. He believes that good deeds once committed will not interfere with a person’s life if he admitted his guilt and repented.

I agree with the author's position. I think everyone has the right to make a mistake, it is only important to admit this mistake. A person who realized that he was wrong deserves a good attitude from others. The main thing is to improve in the future.

Mistakes can be too serious, but even in such cases there is room for repentance. A person who has committed a crime can become a better person. In the work of F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" we see the path of spiritual resurrection of Rodion Raskolnikov, who committed murder. He completely changed his views on the world, became better, cleaner. There is no doubt that the hero deserves a good life in the future. His crime is a grave sin, but the main thing is that he repented.

A person’s way of life, his view of the world may be erroneous. Ivan Bezdomny, the hero of M. Bulgakov’s work “The Master and Margarita,” lived and did not think about whether he was doing the right thing by writing poems that had no value. A conversation with the Master forced him to reconsider his attitude towards his own works and recognize them as disgusting. The hero realized that he was wrong. This is his big victory. But it’s worth changing your worldview!

Everyone makes mistakes. It simply cannot be any other way. But mistakes can be a reason for improvement, so in some cases their presence is more good than bad. The main thing is to repent, admit the mistake, and strive not to allow anything like this to happen in the future.

The work was written based on the text of the Statgrad 2017 version

Do you need to analyze your mistakes? In order to reveal the topic at hand, it is necessary to determine the definitions of basic concepts. What is experience? And what are errors? Experience is the knowledge and skills that a person has gained in each life situation. Errors are incorrectness in actions, deeds, statements, thoughts. These two concepts that cannot exist without each other, they are tightly connected. The more experience, the fewer mistakes you make - this is a common truth. But you can’t gain experience without making mistakes – this is a harsh reality. Every person stumbles in his life, makes mistakes, does stupid things. We cannot do without this; it is the ups and downs that teach us how to live. Only by making mistakes and learning lessons from problematic life situations can we develop. That is, it is possible and even necessary to make mistakes and go astray, but the main thing is to analyze mistakes and correct them.

Very often in world fiction, writers touch on the topic of mistakes and experience. So, for example, in the epic novel “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy, one of the main characters, Pierre Bezukhov, spent all his time in the company of Kuragin and Dolokhov, leading an idle lifestyle, not burdened by worries, sorrows and thoughts. But, gradually realizing that panache and social promenade are empty and pointless pursuits, he understands that this is not for him. But he was too young and ignorant: to draw such conclusions, one must rely on experience. The hero cannot immediately understand the people around him, and very often makes mistakes in them. This is clearly manifested in the relationship with Helen Kuragina. Later he realizes that their marriage was a mistake, he was deceived by “marble shoulders”. Some time after the divorce, he joins the Masonic lodge and, apparently, finds himself. Bezukhov is engaged social activities, meets interesting people, in a word, his personality gains integrity. A loving and devoted wife, healthy children, close friends, interesting work are the components of a happy and full life. Pierre Bezukhov is exactly the person who, through trial and error, finds his meaning of existence.

Another example can be found in the story “The Enchanted Wanderer” by N.S. Leskova. The main character, Ivan Severyanych Flyagin, had to drink the bitter cup of trial and error. It all started with an accident in his youth: the mischief of a young postilion cost the life of an old monk. Ivan was born the “promised son” and from his very birth was destined to serve God. His life leads from one misfortune to another, from trial to trial, until his soul is cleansed and brings the hero to the monastery. He will die for a long time and will not die. He had to pay for many things for his mistakes: love, freedom (he was a prisoner in the Kyrgyz-Kaisak steppes), health (he was recruited). But this bitter experience taught him better than any persuasion and demands that one cannot escape fate. The hero’s calling from the very beginning was religion, but the young man with ambitions, hopes and passions could not consciously accept the rank, which is required by the specifics of the church service. Faith in a priest must be unshakable, otherwise how will he help parishioners find it? It was a thorough analysis of his own mistakes that could lead him to the path of true service to God.