Loyalty and love bunin. Helping a student

Bunin wrote a lot about love, its tragedies and rare moments of true happiness. "These works are marked by an extraordinary poeticization of human feelings, they revealed the wonderful talent of the writer, his ability to penetrate into the intimate depths of the heart, with their unknown and unknown laws.

For Bunin, true love has something in common with the eternal beauty of nature, therefore only such a feeling of love is beautiful, which is natural, not false, not invented, for him love and existence without it are two hostile lives, and if it dies

Love, then that other life, is no longer needed.

Raising love, Bunin does not hide the fact that it brings not only joy, happiness, but also very often fraught with torment, grief, disappointment, death. In one of his letters, he himself explained precisely this motive in his work and not only explained, but convincingly proved: “Don't you know yet that love and death are inextricably linked? Every time I experienced a love catastrophe - and there were many of these love catastrophes in my life, or rather, almost every one of my loves was a catastrophe - I was close to suicide.

The story of tragic love was told by Bunin in a short story " Sunstroke". A chance acquaintance on a steamboat, the usual "road adventure", "a fleeting meeting". But how did all this random and fleeting end for the heroes? “There has never been anything even similar to what happened to me, and there will never be again. It's like an eclipse hit me. Or, rather, we both got something like a sunstroke, ”the lieutenant’s companion admits. But this blow has not yet touched the hero.

After seeing off his friend and carelessly returning to the hotel, he suddenly felt that his heart "shrank with an incomprehensible tenderness" at the memory of her. When he realized that he had lost her forever (after all, he didn’t even know his first and last name), “he felt such pain and such uselessness of his whole future life without her that he was seized by horror, despair,” And again, Bunin’s motive enhances the tragedy of a person: love and death are always there. Struck, as if by a blow, by this unexpected love, the lieutenant is ready to die, if only to return this dear and beloved creature: , this day, to spend only to tell her and prove something, to convince her how painfully and enthusiastically he loves her.

Storybook " Dark alleys can be called an encyclopedia love dramas. The writer created it during the Second World War (1937-1944). Later, when the book was published and readers were shocked by the “eternal drama of love,” Bunin admitted in one of his letters: “She speaks of the tragic and many tender and beautiful things, - I think it's the best and most original thing I've written in my life." And although in many stories the love that the writer told about is tragic, Bunin claims that any love is a great happiness, even if it ends in separation, death, tragedy. Many Bunin's heroes come to this conclusion, having lost, overlooked or destroyed their love themselves.

But this insight, enlightenment comes to the heroes too late, as, for example, to Vitaly Meshchersky, the hero of the story "Natalie". Bunin told the story of student Meshchersky's love for the young beauty Natalya Stankevich, about their breakup, about their long loneliness. The tragedy of this love lies in the character of Meshchersky, who has a sincere and sublime feeling for one girl, and “passionate bodily intoxication” for another, and both seem to him love. But it's impossible to love two people at the same time. The physical attraction to Sonya quickly passes, a great, true love for Natalie remains for life. Only for a short moment the true happiness of love was presented to the heroes, but the author completed the idyllic union of Meshchersky and Natalie with the untimely death of the heroine.

In stories about love, I. A. Bunin affirmed the true spiritual values, beauty and greatness of a person capable of a great, selfless feeling, painted love as a high, ideal, beautiful feeling, despite the fact that it brings not only joy and happiness, but more often - grief, suffering, death.

Love in the work of Bunin

Bunin is a unique creative personality in the history of Russian literature late XIX- the first half of the 20th century. His brilliant talent, the skill of a poet and prose writer, which has become a classic, amazed his contemporaries and conquers us, living today. In his works, the real Russian literary language, which is now lost, is preserved.

A large place in the work of Bunin in exile is occupied by works about love. The writer has always been concerned about the mystery of this strongest of human feelings. In 1924, he wrote the story "Mitya's Love", the following year - "The Cornet Elagin Case" and "Sunstroke". And in the late 30s and during the Second World War, Bunin created 38 short stories about love, which made up his book “Dark Alleys”, published in 1946. Bunin considered this book to be his “ the best work in terms of conciseness, painting and literary craftsmanship.”

Love in the image of Bunin is striking not only by the power of artistic depiction, but also by its subordination to some internal laws unknown to man. Infrequently they break through to the surface: most people will not experience their fatal effects until the end of their days. Such an image of love unexpectedly gives Bunin's sober, "merciless" talent a romantic glow. The closeness of love and death, their conjugation were obvious facts for Bunin, they were never in doubt. However, the catastrophic nature of life, the fragility of human relations and existence itself - all these favorite Bunin themes after the gigantic social cataclysms that shook Russia, were filled with a new formidable meaning, as can be seen, for example, in the story "Mitya's Love". "Love is beautiful" and "Love is doomed" - these concepts, finally combined, coincided, carrying in the depths, in the grain of each story, the personal grief of Bunin the emigrant.

Bunin's love lyrics are not large quantitatively. It reflects the poet's confused thoughts and feelings about the mystery of love... One of the main motives of love lyrics is loneliness, inaccessibility or impossibility of happiness. For example, “How bright, how elegant spring is! ..”, “A calm look, similar to the look of a doe ...”, “At a late hour we were with her in the field ...”, “Loneliness”, “The sadness of eyelashes, shining and black ...” and etc.

Bunin's love lyrics are passionate, sensual, saturated with a thirst for love and are always full of tragedy, unfulfilled hopes, memories of past youth and departed love.

I.A. Bunin has a very peculiar view of love relationships that distinguishes him from many other writers of that time.

In Russian classical literature of that time, the theme of love has always occupied an important place, and preference was given to spiritual, "platonic" love.

before sensuality, carnal, physical passion, which was often debunked. The purity of Turgenev's women has become a household word. Russian literature is predominantly the literature of "first love".

The image of love in Bunin's work is a special synthesis of spirit and flesh. According to Bunin, the spirit cannot be comprehended without knowing the flesh. I. Bunin defended in his works a pure attitude towards the carnal and bodily. He did not have the concept of female sin, as in Anna Karenina, War and Peace, Kreutzer Sonata by L.N. Tolstoy, there was no wary, hostile attitude towards the feminine, characteristic of N.V. Gogol, but there was no vulgarization of love. His love is an earthly joy, a mysterious attraction of one sex to another.

The theme of love and death (often in contact with Bunin) is devoted to works - “Grammar of Love”, “Light Breath”, “Mitina Love”, “Caucasus”, “In Paris”, “Galya Ganskaya”, “Heinrich”, “Natalie”, ” Cold autumn” and others. It has long been and very correctly noted that love in Bunin’s work is tragic. The writer is trying to unravel the mystery of love and the mystery of death, why they often come into contact in life, what is the meaning of this. Why does the nobleman Khvoshchinsky go crazy after the death of his beloved, the peasant woman Lushka, and then almost deifies her image (“Grammar of Love”). Why does the young high school student Olya Meshcherskaya, who, as it seemed to her, have an amazing gift of “easy breathing” die, just starting to blossom? The author does not answer these questions, but through his works he makes it clear that there is a certain meaning to human earthly life in this.

The complex emotional experiences of the hero of the story "Mitya's Love" are described by Bunin with brilliance and tremendous psychological stress. This story caused controversy, the writer was reproached for excessive descriptions of nature, for the implausibility of Mitya's behavior. But we already know that Bunin's nature is not a background, not a decoration, but one of the main characters, and especially in "Mitya's Love". Through the depiction of the state of nature, the author surprisingly accurately conveys Mitya's feelings, his mood and feelings.

You can call "Mitya's Love" a psychological story in which the author accurately and correctly embodied Mitya's confused feelings and the tragic end of his life.

An encyclopedia of love dramas can be called "Dark Alleys" - a book of stories about love. “She speaks of the tragic and of many tender and beautiful things - I think that this is the best and most original thing that I wrote in my life ...” Bunin admitted to Teleshov in 1947.

The heroes of "Dark Alleys" do not oppose nature, often their actions are absolutely illogical and contrary to generally accepted morality (an example of this is the sudden passion of the heroes in the story "Sunstroke"). Bunin's love "on the verge" is almost a transgression of the norm, going beyond the ordinary. This immorality for Bunin, one might even say, is a certain sign of the authenticity of love, since ordinary morality turns out, like everything established by people, to be a conditional scheme that does not fit into the elements of natural, living life.

When describing risky details related to the body, when the author must be impartial so as not to cross the fragile line that separates art from pornography, Bunin, on the contrary, worries too much - to a spasm in the throat, to a passionate trembling: “... it just went dark in eyes at the sight of her pinkish body with a tan on her shiny shoulders ... her eyes turned black and widened even more, her lips parted feverishly ”(“ Galya Ganskaya ”). For Bunin, everything connected with sex is pure and significant, everything is shrouded in mystery and even holiness.

As a rule, the happiness of love in "Dark Alleys" is followed by parting or death. Heroes revel in intimacy, but

it leads to separation, death, murder. Happiness cannot be eternal. Natalie "died on Lake Geneva in a premature birth". Galya Ganskaya got poisoned. In the story “Dark Alleys”, the master Nikolai Alekseevich abandons the peasant girl Nadezhda - for him this story is vulgar and ordinary, and she loved him “all century”. In the story "Rusya", the lovers are separated by the hysterical mother of Rusya.

Bunin allows his heroes only to taste the forbidden fruit, to enjoy it - and then deprives them of happiness, hopes, joys, even life. The hero of the story "Natalie" loved two at once, but did not find family happiness with any of them. In the story "Heinrich" - abundance female images for every taste. But the hero remains alone and free from the "wives of men."

Bunin's love does not go into a family channel, it is not resolved by a happy marriage. Bunin deprives his heroes of eternal happiness, deprives them because they get used to it, and the habit leads to the loss of love. Love out of habit cannot be better than lightning-fast love, but sincere. The hero of the story "Dark Alleys" cannot bind himself by family ties with the peasant woman Nadezhda, but by marrying another woman of his circle, he does not find family happiness. The wife cheated, the son is a wast and a scoundrel, the family itself turned out to be "the most ordinary vulgar story." However, despite the short duration, love still remains eternal: it is eternal in the memory of the hero precisely because it is fleeting in life.

A distinctive feature of love in the image of Bunin is a combination of seemingly incompatible things. It is no coincidence that Bunin once wrote in his diary: “And again, again, such indescribably - sweet sadness from that eternal deception of another spring, hopes and love for the whole world, which you want with tears

gratitude to kiss the earth. Lord, Lord, why do you torment us like this.

The strange connection between love and death is constantly emphasized by Bunin, and therefore it is no coincidence that the title of the collection "Dark Alleys" here does not mean "shady" at all - these are dark, tragic, intricate labyrinths of love.

G. Adamovich rightly wrote about the book of stories “Dark Alleys”: “All love is a great happiness, a gift of the gods, even if it is not shared. That is why Bunin's book breathes with happiness, that is why it is imbued with gratitude for life, for the world in which, for all its imperfections, this happiness happens.

True love is a great happiness, even if it ends in separation, death, tragedy. To this conclusion, albeit late, but many Bunin's heroes come, who have lost, overlooked or destroyed their love themselves. In this late repentance, late spiritual resurrection, the enlightenment of heroes, there lies that all-cleansing melody that speaks of the imperfection of people who have not yet learned to live, recognize and value real feelings, and of the imperfection of life itself, social conditions, the environment, circumstances that often interfere with truly human relationships, and most importantly - about those high emotions that leave an unfading trace of spiritual beauty, generosity, devotion and purity.

Love is a mysterious element that transforms a person's life, giving his fate a uniqueness against the background of ordinary everyday stories, filling his earthly existence with a special meaning.

This mystery of being becomes the theme of Bunin's story "Grammar of Love" (1915). The hero of the work, a certain Ivlev, having stopped on his way to the house of the recently deceased landowner Khvoshchinsky, reflects on “incomprehensible love, which turned the whole world into some kind of ecstatic life. human life, which, perhaps, should have been the most ordinary life, ”if not for the strange charm of the maid Lushka. It seems to me that the mystery lies not in the appearance of Lushka, who “was not at all good in herself,” but in the character of the landowner himself, who idolized his beloved. “But what kind of person was this Khvoshchinsky? Crazy or just some kind of dazed, all-on-one soul?” According to neighbors-landlords. Khvoshchinsky “was known in the county as a rare clever man. And suddenly this love fell on him, this Lushka, then her unexpected death, - and everything went to dust: he shut himself up in the house, in the room where Lushka lived and died, and sat on her bed for more than twenty years ... ” Is this twenty years of seclusion? Madness? For Bunin, the answer to this question is not at all unambiguous.

The fate of Khvoshchinsky strangely fascinates and worries Ivlev. He understands that Lushka entered his life forever, awakened in him “a complex feeling, similar to what he once experienced in an Italian town when looking at the relics of one saint.” What made Ivlev buy from the heir of Khvoshchinsky “for a high price” a small book “Grammar of Love”, with which the old landowner did not part, cherishing the memories of Lushka? Ivlev would like to understand what the life of a madman in love was filled with, what his orphaned soul fed for many years. And following the hero of the story, the “grandchildren and great-grandchildren” who heard the “voluptuous legend about the hearts of those who loved” will try to uncover the secret of this inexplicable feeling, and with them the reader of Bunin’s work.

An attempt to understand the nature of love feelings by the author in the story “Sunstroke” (1925). “A strange adventure”, shakes the soul of the lieutenant. After parting with a beautiful stranger, he cannot find peace. At the thought of the impossibility of meeting this woman again, “he felt such pain and the uselessness of his entire future life without her that he was seized by horror and despair.” The author convinces the reader of the seriousness of the feelings experienced by the hero of the story. The lieutenant feels "terribly unhappy in this city." "Where to go? What to do?" he thinks lostly. The depth of the hero's spiritual insight is clearly expressed in the final phrase of the story: "The lieutenant sat under a canopy on the deck, feeling ten years older." How to explain what happened to him? Maybe the hero came into contact with that great feeling that people call love, and the feeling of the impossibility of loss led him to realize the tragedy of being?

The torment of a loving soul, the bitterness of loss, the sweet pain of memories - such unhealed wounds are left in the fate of Bunin's heroes by love, and time has no power over it.

The story "Dark Alleys" (1935) depicts a chance meeting of people who loved each other thirty years ago. The situation is rather ordinary: the young nobleman easily broke up with the serf girl Nadezhda, who was in love with him, and married a woman of his circle. And Nadezhda, having received freedom from the masters, became the mistress of the inn and never married, had no family, children, did not recognize ordinary worldly happiness. “No matter how much time passed, she lived all the same,” she admits to Nikolai Alekseevich. - Everything passes, but not everything is forgotten ... I could never forgive you. Just as I didn’t have anything more valuable than you in the world at that time, so I didn’t have it later. ” She could not change herself, her feelings. And Nikolai Alekseevich realized that he had lost in Nadezhda "the most precious thing that he had in life." But this is a momentary insight. Leaving the inn, he “remembered with shame his last words and the fact that he had kissed her hand, and was immediately ashamed of his shame.” And yet it is difficult for him to imagine Nadezhda as his wife, the mistress of the Petegbug house, the mother of his children. ... This gentleman gives too much great importance class prejudices, in order to prefer genuine feeling to them. But he paid for his cowardice with a lack of personal happiness.

How differently the heroes of the story comprehend what happened to them! For Nikolai Alekseevich, this is “a vulgar, ordinary story,” but for Nadezhda, it is undying memories, long-term devotion to love.

A passionate and deep feeling permeates the last, fifth book of the novel "The Life of Arseniev" - "Lika". It was based on the transformed experiences of Bunin himself, his youthful love for V.V. Pashchenko. In the novel, death and oblivion recede before the power of love, before the heightened feeling - the hero and the author - of life.

In the theme of love, Bunin reveals himself as a man of amazing talent, a subtle psychologist who knows how to convey the state of the soul, wounded by love. The writer does not avoid complex, frank topics, depicting the most intimate human experiences in his stories. Over the centuries, many artists of the word dedicated their works to the great feeling of love, and each of them found something unique, individual to this theme. It seems to me that the peculiarity of Bunin the artist is that he considers love a tragedy, a catastrophe, madness, a great feeling, capable of both infinitely elevating and destroying a person.

Yes, love has many faces and is often inexplicable. This is an eternal riddle, and each reader of Bunin's works is looking for his own answers, reflecting on the secrets of love. The perception of this feeling is very personal, and therefore someone will treat what is depicted in the book as a “vulgar story”, and someone will be shocked by the great gift of love, which, like the talent of a poet or musician, is not given to everyone. But one thing is certain: Bunin's stories, which tell about the most secret, will not leave readers indifferent. Every young person will find in Bunin's works something consonant with their own thoughts and feelings, they will touch the great secret of love. That's what makes the author of "Sunstroke" always contemporary writer arousing deep reader interest.

Literature abstract

Topic: “The theme of love in the works of Bunin”

Fulfilled

Student “” class

Moscow 2004

Bibliography

1. O.N.Mikhailov - “Russian literature of the XX century”

2. S.N.Morozov - “The life of Arseniev. Stories”

3. B.K.Zaitsev - "Youth - Ivan Bunin"

4. Literary-critical articles.

The theme of love occupies almost the main place in Bunin's work. This theme allows the writer to correlate what is happening in the soul of a person with the phenomena of external life, with the requirements of a society that is based on the relationship of purchase and sale and in which wild and dark instincts sometimes reign. Bunin was one of the first in Russian literature to speak not only about the spiritual, but also about the bodily side of love, touching with extraordinary tact the most intimate, intimate aspects of human relationships. Bunin was the first to dare to say that bodily passion does not necessarily follow a spiritual impulse, which happens in life and vice versa (as happened with the heroes of the story "Sunstroke"). And no matter what plot moves the writer chooses, love in his works is always a great joy and a great disappointment, a deep and insoluble mystery, it is both spring and autumn in a person’s life.

Over the years, Bunin spoke about love with varying degrees of frankness. In his early prose the characters are young, open and natural. In such stories as "In August", "In Autumn", "Dawn All Night", everything is extremely simple, brief and significant. The feelings that the characters experience are ambiguous, colored with halftones. And although Bunin talks about people who are alien to us in appearance, life, relationships, we immediately recognize and understand in a new way our own premonitions of happiness, expectations of deep spiritual turns. The rapprochement of Bunin's heroes rarely achieves harmony, more often it disappears as soon as it has arisen. But the thirst for love burns in their souls. A sad farewell to his beloved ends with dreams (“In August”): “Through tears I looked into the distance, and somewhere I dreamed of sultry southern cities, a blue steppe evening and the image of some woman who merged with the girl I loved ... " . The date is remembered because it testifies to a touch of a genuine feeling: “Whether she was better than the others whom I loved, I don’t know, but that night she was incomparable” (“Autumn”). And in the story "Dawn all night" it is said about the premonition of love, about the tenderness that a young girl is ready to pour out on her future chosen one. At the same time, youth tends not only to get carried away, but also quickly disappointed. Bunin shows us this painful for many gap between dreams and reality. After a night in the garden, full of nightingale whistling and spring trembling, young Tata suddenly hears in her sleep how her fiancé shoots jackdaws, and realizes that she does not love this rude and mundane man at all.

And yet, in most early stories Bunin, the desire for beauty and purity remains the main, genuine movement of the soul of the heroes. In the 1920s, already in exile, Bunin wrote about love, as if looking back into the past, peering into the departed Russia and those people who are no longer there. This is how we perceive the story "Mitina's Love" (1924). Here Bunin consistently shows how the spiritual development hero, leads him from love to ruin. In the story, life and love are closely intertwined. Mitya's love for Katya, his hopes, jealousy, vague forebodings seem to be covered with a special sadness. Katya, dreaming of an artistic career, spun in the fake life of the capital and cheated on Mitya. His torment, from which he could not save the connection with another woman - the beautiful but down to earth Alenka, led Mitya to commit suicide. Mitin's insecurity, openness, unpreparedness to face harsh reality, inability to suffer make us feel more acutely the inevitability and inadmissibility of what happened.

In a number Bunin's stories a love triangle is described about love: husband - wife - lover ("Ida", "Caucasus", "The most beautiful sun"). In these stories, an atmosphere of inviolability of the established order reigns. Marriage is an insurmountable barrier to achieving happiness. And often what is given to one is ruthlessly taken away from another. In the story "Caucasus", a woman leaves with her lover, knowing for sure that from the moment the train leaves, hours of despair begin for her husband, that he will not stand it and rush after her. He is really looking for her, and not having found her, he guesses about the betrayal and shoots himself. Already here, the motif of love appears as a “sunstroke”, which has become a special, ringing note of the “Dark Alleys” cycle.

With the prose of the 1920s and 1930s, the stories of the cycle "Dark Alleys" are brought together by the motif of memories of youth and homeland. All or almost all stories are in the past tense. The author seems to be trying to penetrate into the depths of the subconscious of the characters. In most stories, the author describes bodily pleasures, beautiful and poetic, born of genuine passion. Even if the first sensual impulse seems frivolous, as in the story "Sunstroke", it still leads to tenderness and self-forgetfulness, and then to true love. This is exactly what happens with the heroes of the stories “Dark Alleys”, “Late Hour”, “Rusya”, “Tanya”, “ Business Cards"," In one familiar street. The writer writes about lonely people and ordinary lives. That is why the past, overshadowed by young, strong feelings, is drawn as a truly high point, merges with the sounds, smells, colors of nature. As if nature itself leads to the spiritual and physical rapprochement of people who love each other. And nature itself leads them to inevitable separation, and sometimes to death.

The skill of describing everyday details, as well as the sensual description of love, is inherent in all the stories of the cycle, but the story written in 1944 " Clean Monday”appears not just as a story about the great mystery of love and the mysterious female soul, but as a kind of cryptogram. Too much in the psychological line of the story and in its landscape and everyday details seems like a ciphered revelation. Accuracy and abundance of details are not just signs of the times, not just nostalgia for forever lost Moscow, but the opposition of East and West in the soul and appearance of the heroine, leaving love and life for a monastery.

Bunin's heroes greedily catch moments of happiness, grieve if it passes by, lament if the thread that connects them with their loved one breaks. But at the same time, they are never able to fight fate for happiness, to win an ordinary worldly battle. All stories are stories of escape from life, even for a brief moment, even for one evening. Bunin's heroes are selfish and unconsciously cynical, but they still lose the most precious thing - their beloved. And they can only remember the life they had to give up. Therefore, Bunin's love theme is always permeated with the bitterness of loss, parting, death. All love stories end tragically, even if the characters survive. After all, at the same time they lose the best, valuable part of the soul, lose the meaning of existence and find themselves alone.

Goalslesson: to acquaint students with the works of the writer of love themes; show the originality of stories, novelty in the depiction of the psychological state of a person; see the ambiguity of interpretations of stories.

methodicaltricks: teacher's story, “analytical conversation; presentation of stories; expressive reading of excerpts.

Equipmentlesson: texts of stories; photographs by I. Bunin, V. Muromtseva. Picture 1, Figure 2

movelesson

1. Wordteachers

The theme of love is one of the main themes in Russian literature and one of the leading themes in the work of Ivan Bunin. In almost all works on this topic, the love story appears through the memories of the characters and the outcome of love is tragic. This tragic character of love is emphasized by death. "Don't you already know that love and death are inextricably linked?" - one of the heroes of Bunin's stories asks a question.

The writer sees the eternal mystery of love and the eternal drama of lovers in the fact that a person is unwilling in his love passion: love is a feeling that is initially spontaneous, inevitable, and happiness often becomes unattainable.

Love in Bunin's works is fleeting and elusive. The heroes of his works never find eternal happiness, they can only taste the forbidden fruit, enjoy it, and then lose their joys, hopes and even life. Why is this happening? Everything is very simple. The fact is that, according to Ivan Bunin, love is happiness, and happiness is fleeting, impermanent, therefore love cannot be permanent, otherwise it will become a habit, a routine, and this is impossible. But, despite the short duration, love is still eternal: it will forever remain in the memory of the heroes as the most vivid and wonderful memory.

2. Conversation By story "Easy breath" Figure 2.

How is the story structured? What are the features of the composition?

(The composition of the story is closed, circular. This is its peculiarity. We learn at the very beginning of the story about the tragic death of the young schoolgirl Olya Meshcherskaya. Bunin begins and ends the story with a description of the grave cross on Olya's grave.)

What is the relationship between plot and plot of a story?

(The plot of the story is a banal everyday drama - a murder out of jealousy. The author turned this banality into a story about the mysterious attractiveness, charm, femininity embodied in the image of Olya. The plot is centered on the “light breath” of femininity. This is the main thing, according to the author, than a woman must possess, this is part of her beauty, beautiful, elusive, ephemeral and fragile. And in contact with realities, this “light breathing” disappears, it is interrupted, as the “deceived” Olya officer did).

(The main thing in the heroine is “elegance, elegance, lightness”, which distinguished her from all the girls of the gymnasium. Olya constantly seems to live with a sense of celebration, happiness, joy. I. Bunin focuses on her eyes: “joyful, amazingly lively”, "clear shine of the eyes", "shining eyes", "the eyes shine so immortally", "clear look". Olya is able to live without pretending, without pretentiousness, naturally and simply. That is why the lower grades loved her so much. She herself is still a child, internally pure, direct, naive).

What is the main compositional technique uses Bunin in the story?

(The main technique is opposition. Olya, lively, impetuous, unpredictable, living by imagination, is opposed to the everyday life of the real, vulgar world, represented by the inability to be a natural classy lady Olya; the handsome aristocrat Malyutin, who seduced Olya, is opposed by a plebeian Cossack officer; ease of life and "easy breathing" the heroine is contrasted with the "strong, heavy cross" on her grave).

How do you understand the title of the story? (discussion)

On an April day, I left the people.
Gone for a century humbly and silently -
And yet I was not in vain in my life.
I didn't die for love.
I.A. Bunin

3. Wordteachers

Consider another story about the versatility and diversity of manifestations of love in the story "Sunstroke".

4. Messagestudent

The student outlines the plot of the story "Sunstroke", while paying special attention to the linguistic features of the work.

5 . AnalyticalconversationBycontentstory

What is the peculiarity of the plot of the story?

(There is no introduction to the story, it seems that the story is “snatched” from life, the characters have neither names nor ages. It is “he” and “she”, a man and a woman).

Why does the writer not give names to his heroes, does not tell their backstory?

(For Bunin, names are unimportant, because the main thing is the very feeling of love, passion and what it does to a person).

What is the portrait of the heroine, what is its peculiarity?

(Bunin does not describe the appearance of the heroine, but highlights the main thing - “a simple, lovely laugh”, talks about how “everything was lovely in this little woman.” And after a night in the room “She was as fresh as at seventeen”, “ she was still simple, cheerful and - already reasonable").

How does the stranger describe what happened to them?

(“It was as if an eclipse had hit me ... Or, rather, we both got something like a sunstroke.” The woman was the first to understand the acuteness of what had happened and the impossibility of continuing this too strong feeling).

What has changed in the room since she left?

(“The room without her seemed somehow completely different than it was with her. It was still full of her - and empty.” Only the smell of good English cologne and an unfinished cup remained, “but she was already gone ...”)

What impression did this make on the lieutenant?

(The lieutenant's heart "suddenly contracted with such tenderness that he hurried to light a cigarette and walked up and down the room several times. The lieutenant laughs at his "strange adventure", and at the same time tears well up in his eyes).

What new feelings did the lieutenant have?

(All the lieutenant's feelings seem to be sharpened. He "remembered her all, with all her slightest features, remembered the smell of her tan and canvas dress, her strong body, the lively, simple and cheerful sound of her voice." And another new feeling, previously not experienced, torments the lieutenant: this is a strange, incomprehensible feeling... He does not know "how to live the whole next day without her", he feels unhappy).

Why is the hero trying to free himself from the feeling of love?

(“The sunstroke” that hit the lieutenant was too strong, unbearable. Both the happiness and the pain that accompanied it turned out to be unbearable).

Why too big love dramatic or even tragic?

(It is impossible to return a loved one, but it is also impossible to live without it. The hero cannot get rid of sudden, unexpected love, “sunstroke” leaves an indelible mark on the soul).

How did the experience of the past day affect the hero?

(The hero feels ten years older. The instantaneousness of the experienced impression made him so sharp that it seems that almost a whole life is contained in it.

happiness in no life,
there are only lightning bolts of it, -
appreciate them, live them.
L.N. Tolstoy

6. teacher's word

Let's turn to another story about love - "Grammar of Love"

7. AnalyticalconversationBycontent

How do you understand the title of the story?

(The word grammar is from the scientific lexicon. The words in the title of the story are paradoxically related. This is an oxymoron. Grammar means “the art of reading and writing letters.” Bunin’s story talks about the art of loving, although is it possible to learn to love from a textbook?)

What is known about the life of Khvoshchinsky?

(We learn about his life from the words of neighbors. He is poor, is considered an eccentric, “he has been

obsessed with love for his maid Lushka", "idolized her".)

What role did Lushka play in the fate of Ivlev?

(Ivlev recalls the impression Khvoshchinsky's story made on him as a child. He was "almost in love" with the "legendary Lushka").

Do you agree with the expression: “A beautiful woman should occupy the second step; the first belongs to a lovely woman"?

What details play an important role in the story?

Wedding candles are a symbol of eternal, unquenchable love. Khvoshchinsky could not marry a serf, but he wanted it with all his heart. Wedding candles are a symbol of the union between a man and a woman, fixed and consecrated by the church.

Books from Khvoshchinsky’s library reveal to Ivlev “what that lonely soul ate that forever closed itself from the world in this closet and left it so recently ...”

Lushka's necklace - "a low set of cheap blue balls that look like stone ones" so excited Ivlev that his "heartbeat tingled in his eyes."

What is the content of "Grammar of Love"?

The book consists of "short elegant, sometimes very accurate maxims" about love;

What is the value of this book?

This is the most important detail that gave the title to the whole story. Its value is that it was dear to Khvoshchinsky and became dear to Ivlev himself as a shrine.

What makes it possible to say that the image of Lushka is really becoming a shrine?

The story constantly repeats words from religious vocabulary, expressions that speak of the legendary image of Lushka: Khvoshchinsky “attributed literally everything that happened in the world to Lushka’s influence: a thunderstorm sets - this is Lushka sends a thunderstorm, war is declared - so Lushka decided, crop failure happened - the peasants did not please Lushka ... ”; Ivlev sees a "God's tree" at the place where, according to legend, Lushka drowned herself; it seems to him that “Lushka lived and died not twenty years ago, but almost in time immemorial”; the little book "Grammar of Love" looks like a prayer book; leaving the Khvoshchinsky estate, Ivlev recalls Lushka, her necklace and experiences a feeling “similar to what he once experienced in an Italian town when looking at the relics of a saint.” Thanks to this technique, Lushka's life becomes like a life, and her image is almost deified.

What kind of person is Khvoshchinsky - really crazy or someone who has the talent to love?

(class discussion)

(Life with a loved one becomes a “sweet tradition”, life without a loved one turns into eternal service to that holy image that remains in memory).

Who do you think is the main character of the story?

(class discussion)

(The main character is Khvoshchinsky. His soul was lit up with fantastic love for many years. Perhaps main character- Lushka. After all, it was she who took the “first step” in Khvoshchinsky’s life, determined his fate? Or maybe the main character is Ivlev? After all, the story of Khvoshchinsky's love for his serf influenced Ivlev in childhood. In his view, Lushka was "legendary" and "she entered forever into my life." Someone else's love story has become part of Ivlev's life.

What understanding of love is embodied in this story?

Love is a great value. She is always pure and chaste. But a person can only count on a moment of happiness, but this moment remains in the soul forever. Figure 3 .

8. Summing upresultslesson

Wordteachers

Thus, we can conclude that love in Bunin's works is something elusive and natural, blinding a person, acting on him like a sunstroke. Love is a great abyss, mysterious and inexplicable, strong and painful.

9. homemadeexercise:

prepare an essay plan on the topic “Love in the understanding of I. Bunin”.

Composition on the work of I. A. Bunin on the examples of the stories “Cold Autumn” and “Sunstroke”.

The theme of love in the stories of I. A. Bunin

Love at all times has occupied a key position in the work of many writers. So it was with I. A. Bunin. In his works, she is assigned a special role: love is always tragic, it reveals the innermost, even what a person would like to hide from everyone. About this amazing feeling, capable of bringing both great happiness and severe suffering, I. A. Bunin wrote a series of stories “Dark Alleys”, each of which is an understanding of Bunin's love from different angles.

In the story “Cold Autumn”, the main character fell in love with a man who soon died in the war. He knew that this could happen, and advised his beloved to live without him, to rejoice in the world while he was waiting for her on the other side. The heroine lives, gets married, takes care of her husband's nephew, but at her own sunset she realizes that the time that has passed since the death of her true love cannot be called life, it is only existence. The heroine asks herself: “Yes, and what happened in my life anyway? Just that cold autumn evening.” She is ready to die because death better life without love. The story ends with a very strong phrase: “I lived, I was glad, now I will come soon.” She is not afraid of death, she is waiting for her as salvation, the opportunity to finally be with her beloved, even if not in this life.

Also, the tragedy of love in the perception of I. A. Bunin is clearly shown in his separate story “Sunstroke”. This is the story of two already mature people who met each other at the very moment in life when this meeting was necessary for them. There are no accidents in Bunin's work, it was fate. But the characters are not teenagers, the woman is bound by obligations, and although the reader sees that this true love This meeting leads absolutely nowhere. The heroes get off the ferry in order to be together for at least a few hours, however, parting with the one whom he has already fallen in love with, the lieutenant no longer knows what to do in this city. “It was all so stupid, so absurd that he ran away from the market.” Nothing else makes sense. “The lieutenant sat under a canopy on the deck, feeling ten years older.” The love of the characters is mutual, their feelings are sincere, but their meeting does not lead to anything, leaving in the heart the sweet bitterness of the feelings they experienced.

“All love is a great happiness, even if it is not shared,” says I. A. Bunin. In his understanding, love is a spontaneous feeling, a person cannot control it, but without it, life is empty and meaningless. It is better to burn with love, to break your heart, but to fall in love than not to experience this feeling at all!