Great Russian writers and poets: names, portraits, creativity. Russian books: from classics to modern times All authors and works
Russian writers and poets, whose works are considered classics, are today world famous. The works of these authors are read not only in their homeland - Russia, but throughout the world.
Great Russian writers and poets
A well-known fact that has been proven by historians and literary scholars: best works Russian classics were written during the Golden and Silver Ages.
The names of Russian writers and poets who are among the world classics are known to everyone. Their work will forever remain in world history as an important element.
The work of Russian poets and writers of the “Golden Age” is the dawn in Russian literature. Many poets and prose writers developed new directions, which subsequently began to be increasingly used in the future. Russian writers and poets, the list of which can be called endless, wrote about nature and love, about the bright and unshakable, about freedom and choice. In Zolotoy's literature, as later Silver Age, reflects the attitude not only of writers to historical events, but also of the entire people as a whole.
And today, looking through the thickness of centuries at the portraits of Russian writers and poets, every progressive reader understands how bright and prophetic their works, written more than a dozen years ago, were.
Literature is divided into many topics that formed the basis of the works. Russian writers and poets spoke about war, about love, about peace, opening up completely to each reader.
"Golden Age" in literature
The "Golden Age" in Russian literature begins in the nineteenth century. The main representative of this period in literature, and specifically in poetry, was Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, thanks to whom not only Russian literature, but also the entire Russian culture as a whole acquired its special charm. Pushkin's work contains not only poetic works, but prosaic stories.
Poetry of the “Golden Age”: Vasily Zhukovsky
This time was started by Vasily Zhukovsky, who became Pushkin’s teacher. Zhukovsky opened such a direction as romanticism for Russian literature. Developing this direction, Zhukovsky wrote odes that became widely known for their romantic images, metaphors and personifications, the ease of which was not in the directions used in Russian literature of past years.
Mikhail Lermontov
Another great writer and poet for the “Golden Age” of Russian literature was Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. His prose work “Hero of Our Time” gained enormous popularity in its time, because it described Russian society as it was in the period of time that Mikhail Yuryevich writes about. But all readers fell in love with Lermontov’s poems even more: sad and mournful lines, gloomy and sometimes creepy images - the poet managed to write all this so sensitively that every reader to this day is able to feel what worried Mikhail Yuryevich.
Prose of the "Golden Age"
Russian writers and poets have always been distinguished not only by their extraordinary poetry, but also by their prose.
Lev Tolstoy
One of the most significant writers of the Golden Age was Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. His great epic novel “War and Peace” became known throughout the world and is included not only in the lists of Russian classics, but also in the world. Describing the life of Russian secular society during the Patriotic War 1812, Tolstoy was able to show all the subtleties and features of the behavior of St. Petersburg society, which for a long time since the beginning of the war did not seem to participate in the all-Russian tragedy and struggle.
Another novel by Tolstoy, which is still read both abroad and in the writer’s homeland, was the work “Anna Karenina”. The story of a woman who loved a man with all her heart and went through unprecedented difficulties for the sake of love, and soon suffered betrayal, was loved by the whole world. A touching story about love that can sometimes drive you crazy. The sad ending became a unique feature for the novel - it was one of the first works in which the lyrical hero not only dies, but deliberately interrupts his life.
Fedor Dostoevsky
In addition to Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky also became a significant writer. His book “Crime and Punishment” became not just the “Bible” of a highly moral person with a conscience, but also a kind of “teacher” for someone who has to make a difficult choice, having foreseen all the outcomes of events in advance. The lyrical hero of the work not only made the wrong decision that ruined him, he took upon himself a lot of torment that gave him no rest day or night.
Dostoevsky’s work also contains the work “Humiliated and Insulted,” which accurately reflects the entire essence of human nature. Despite the fact that a lot of time has passed since it was written, the problems of humanity that Fyodor Mikhailovich described are still relevant today. Main character, seeing all the insignificance of the human “soul”, begins to feel disgust for people, for everything that people of the rich strata are proud of, which are of great importance to society.
Ivan Turgenev
Another great writer of Russian literature was Ivan Turgenev. He wrote not only about love, but also touched upon the most important problems of the world around him. His novel Fathers and Sons clearly describes the relationship between children and parents, which remains exactly the same today. Misunderstanding between the older and younger generations is an eternal problem in family relationships.
Russian writers and poets: The Silver Age of Literature
The beginning of the twentieth century is considered to be the Silver Age in Russian literature. It is the poets and writers of the Silver Age who gain special love from readers. Perhaps this phenomenon is caused by the fact that the writers’ lifetime is closer to our time, while Russian writers and poets of the “Golden Age” wrote their works, living according to completely different moral and spiritual principles.
Poetry of the Silver Age
The bright personalities who highlight this literary period are, undoubtedly, the poets. Many directions and movements of poetry have emerged, which were created as a result of the division of opinions regarding the actions of the Russian government.
Alexander Blok
The gloomy and sad work of Alexander Blok was the first to appear at this stage of literature. All of Blok’s poems are permeated with longing for something extraordinary, something bright and light. The most famous poem “Night. Street. Flashlight. Pharmacy” perfectly describes Blok’s worldview.
Sergey Yesenin
One of the most prominent figures of the Silver Age was Sergei Yesenin. Poems about nature, love, the transience of time, one’s “sins” - all this can be found in the poet’s work. Today there is not a single person who would not find Yesenin’s poem capable of liking and describing their state of mind.
Vladimir Mayakovsky
If we talk about Yesenin, then I would immediately like to mention Vladimir Mayakovsky. Harsh, loud, self-confident - that’s exactly what the poet was like. The words that came from the pen of Mayakovsky still amaze with their power - Vladimir Vladimirovich perceived everything so emotionally. In addition to harshness, in the works of Mayakovsky, whose personal life was not going well, there are also love lyrics. The story of the poet and Lily Brik is known throughout the world. It was Brik who discovered all that was most tender and sensual in him, and in return Mayakovsky seemed to idealize and deify her in his love lyrics.
Marina Tsvetaeva
The personality of Marina Tsvetaeva is also known throughout the world. The poetess herself had unique character traits, which is immediately evident from her poems. Perceiving herself as a deity, even in her love lyrics she made it clear to everyone that she was not one of those women who were capable of being offended. However, in her poem “So many of them have fallen into this abyss,” she showed how unhappy she was for many, many years.
Prose of the Silver Age: Leonid Andreev
Great contribution to fiction made by Leonid Andreev, who became the author of the story “Judas Iscariot”. In his work, he presented the biblical story of the betrayal of Jesus a little differently, presenting Judas not just as a traitor, but as a man suffering from his envy of people who were loved by everyone. Lonely and strange Judas, who found delight in his tales and tales, always received only ridicule in the face. The story tells about how easy it is to break a person’s spirit and push him to any meanness if he has neither support nor loved ones.
Maksim Gorky
The contribution of Maxim Gorky is also important for the literary prose of the Silver Age. The writer in each of his works hid a certain essence, having understood which, the reader realizes the full depth of what worried the writer. One of these works was the short story “Old Woman Izergil”, which is divided into three small parts. Three components, three life problems, three types of loneliness - the writer carefully veiled all this. A proud eagle thrown into the abyss of loneliness; noble Danko, who gave his heart to selfish people; an old woman who had been looking for happiness and love all her life, but never found it - all this can be found in a small, but extremely vital story.
Another important work in Gorky’s work was the play “At the Lower Depths”. The life of people who are below the poverty line is what became the basis of the play. The descriptions that Maxim Gorky gave in his work show how much even very poor people, who in principle no longer need anything, just want to be happy. But the happiness of each of the heroes turns out to be in different things. Each of the characters in the play has their own values. In addition, Maxim Gorky wrote about the “three truths” of life that can be applied in modern life. White lies; no pity for the person; the truth that a person needs is three views on life, three opinions. The conflict, which remains unresolved, leaves each character, as well as each reader, to make their own choice.
Mommy, I'm going to die soon...
- Why such thoughts... after all, you are young, strong...
- But Lermontov died at 26, Pushkin - at 37, Yesenin - at 30...
- But you’re not Pushkin or Yesenin!
- No, but still..
Vladimir Semenovich’s mother recalled that she had such a conversation with her son. For Vysotsky, early death was something of a test of the “realness” of the poet. However, I cannot be sure of this. I'll tell you about myself. Since childhood, I “knew for sure” that I would become a poet (of course, a great one) and die early. I won’t live to see thirty, or at least forty. Can a poet live longer?
In biographies of writers, I always paid attention to the years of life. I calculated at what age the person died. I tried to understand why this happened. I think a lot of people who write do this. I don't hope to figure out why early deaths, but I’ll try to collect materials, collect existing theories and dream up - I’m unlikely to be a scientist - my own.
First of all, I collected information about how Russian writers died. I entered the age at the time of death and the cause of death into the table. I tried not to analyze it, just enter the data into the required columns. I looked at the result - it was interesting. Prose writers of the 20th century, for example, often died from cancer (the leader was lung cancer). But in the world in general - according to WHO - among oncological diseases, lung cancer is the most common and the cause of death. So is there a connection?
I can’t decide whether it’s necessary to look for “writing” diseases, but I feel that there is some sense in this search.
Russian prose writers of the 19th century
Name | Years of life | Age at death | Cause of death |
Herzen Alexander Ivanovich |
March 25 (April 6), 1812 - January 9 (21), 1870 |
57 years old |
pneumonia |
Gogol Nikolay Vasilievich |
March 20 (April 1) 1809 - February 21(March 4) 1852 |
42 years |
acute cardiovascular failure (conditionally, because there is no consensus) |
Leskov Nikolay Semenovich |
4 (February 16) 1831 - February 21(March 5) 1895 |
64 years old |
asthma |
Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich |
6 (18) June 1812 - 15 (27) September 1891 |
79 years old |
pneumonia |
Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich |
October 30 (November 11) 1821 - January 28 (February 9) 1881 |
59 years old |
pulmonary artery rupture (progressive lung disease, throat bleeding) |
Pisemsky Alexey Feofilaktovich |
March 11 (23), 1821 - January 21 (February 2), 1881 |
59 years old |
|
Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Evgrafovich |
January 15 (27), 1826 - April 28 (May 10), 1889 |
63 years old |
cold |
Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich |
August 28 (September 9), 1828 - November 7 (20), 1910 |
82 years old |
pneumonia |
Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich |
October 28 (November 9) 1818 - August 22 (September 3) 1883 |
64 years old |
malignant tumor of the spine |
Odoevsky Vladimir Fedorovich |
1 (13) August 1804 - 27 February (11 March) 1869 |
64 years old |
|
Mamin-Sibiryak Dmitry Narkisovich |
October 25 (November 6), 1852 - November 2 (15), 1912 |
60 years |
pleurisy |
Chernyshevsky Nikolai Gavrilovich |
July 12 (24), 1828 - October 17 (29), 1889 |
61 years old |
cerebral hemorrhage |
The average life expectancy of Russian people in the 19th century was about 34 years. But these data do not provide an idea of how long the average adult lived to live, since the statistics are heavily influenced by high infant mortality.
Russian poets of the 19th century
Name | Years of life | Age at death | Cause of death |
Baratynsky Evgeniy Abramovich |
February 19 (March 2) or March 7 (March 19) 1800 - June 29 (July 11) 1844 |
44 years old |
fever |
Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich |
10 (21) June 1797 - 11 (23) August 1846 |
49 years old |
consumption |
Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich |
October 3 (October 15) 1814 - July 15 (July 27) 1841 |
26 years |
duel (shot in the chest) |
Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich |
May 26 (June 6) 1799 - January 29 (February 10) 1837 |
37 years |
duel (stomach wound) |
Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich |
November 23 (December 5), 1803 - July 15 (27), 1873 |
69 years old |
stroke |
Tolstoy Alexey Konstantinovich |
August 24 (September 5) 1817 - September 28 (October 10) 1875 |
58 years old |
overdose (injected an erroneously large dose of morphine) |
Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich |
November 23 (December 5) 1820 - November 21 (December 3) 1892 |
71 years old |
heart attack (there is a version of suicide) |
Shevchenko Taras Grigorievich |
February 25 (March 9) 1814 - February 26 (March 10) 1861 |
47 years old |
dropsy (accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity) |
In 19th-century Russia, poets died differently than prose writers. The latter often died from pneumonia, but among the former, no one died from this disease. Yes, poets have left before. Of the prose writers, only Gogol died at 42, the rest much later. And of the lyricists, it is rare who lived to be 50 (the longest-liver is Fet).
Russian prose writers of the 20th century
Name | Years of life | Age at death | Cause of death |
Abramov Fedor Alexandrovich |
February 29, 1920 – May 14, 1983 |
63 years old |
heart failure (died in the recovery room) |
Averchenko Arkady Timofeevich |
March 18 (30), 1881 - March 12, 1925 |
43 years |
weakening of the heart muscle, enlargement of the aorta and renal sclerosis |
Aitmatov Chingiz Torekulovich |
December 12, 1928 - June 10, 2008 |
79 years old |
renal failure |
Andreev Leonid Nikolaevich |
9 (21) August 1871 - 12 September 1919 |
48 years old |
heart disease |
Babel Isaac Emmanuilovich |
June 30 (July 12) 1894 – January 27, 1940 |
45 years |
execution |
Bulgakov Mikhail Afanasyevich |
May 3 (May 15) 1891 – March 10, 1940 |
48 years old |
nephrosclerosis hypertensive |
Bunin Ivan |
October 10 (22), 1870 - November 8, 1953 |
83 years old |
died in his sleep |
Kir Bulychev |
October 18, 1934 - September 5, 2003 |
68 years old |
oncology |
Bykov Vasil Vladimirovich |
June 19, 1924 - June 22, 2003 |
79 years old |
oncology |
Vorobyov Konstantin Dmitrievich |
September 24, 1919 - March 2, 1975) |
55 years |
oncology (brain tumor) |
Gazdanov Gaito |
November 23 (December 6) 1903 - December 5, 1971 |
67 years old |
oncology (lung cancer) |
Gaidar Arkady Petrovich |
January 9 (22), 1904 - October 26, 1941 |
37 years |
shot (killed during the war by machine gun fire) |
Maksim Gorky |
March 16 (28), 1868 - June 18, 1936 |
68 years old |
cold (there is a version of murder - poisoning) |
Zhitkov Boris Stepanovich |
August 30 (September 11) 1882 – October 19, 1938 |
56 years old |
oncology (lung cancer) |
Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich |
August 26 (September 7) 1870 – August 25, 1938 |
67 years old |
oncology (tongue cancer) |
Nabokov Vladimir Vladimirovich |
April 10 (22), 1899 - July 2, 1977 |
78 years old |
bronchial infection |
Nekrasov Viktor Platonovich |
4 (17) June 1911 - 3 September 1987 |
76 years old |
oncology (lung cancer) |
Pilnyak Boris Andreevich |
September 29 (October 11) 1894 – April 21, 1938 |
43 years |
execution |
Andrey Platonov |
September 1, 1899 – January 5, 1951 |
51 years old |
tuberculosis |
Solzhenitsyn Alexander Isaevich |
December 11, 1918 - August 3, 2008 |
89 years old |
acute heart failure |
Strugatsky Boris Natanovich |
April 15, 1933 - November 19, 2012 |
79 years old |
oncology (lymphoma) |
Strugatsky Arkady Natanovich |
August 28, 1925 - October 12, 1991 |
66 years old |
oncology (liver cancer) |
Tendryakov Vladimir Fedorovich |
December 5, 1923 - August 3, 1984 |
60 years |
stroke |
Fadeev Alexander Alexandrovich |
December 11 (24), 1901 - May 13, 1956 |
54 years old |
suicide (shot) |
Kharms Daniil Ivanovich |
December 30, 1905 – February 2, 1942 |
36 years |
exhaustion (during the siege of Leningrad; escaped execution) |
Shalamov Varlam Tikhonovich |
June 5 (June 18) 1907 - January 17, 1982 |
74 years old |
pneumonia |
Shmelev Ivan Sergeevich |
September 21 (October 3) 1873 - June 24, 1950 |
76 years old |
heart attack |
Sholokhov Mikhail Alexandrovich |
May 11 (24), 1905 - February 21, 1984 |
78 years old |
oncology (larynx cancer) |
Shukshin Vasily Makarovich |
July 25, 1929 – October 2, 1974 |
45 years |
heart failure |
There are theories according to which diseases can be caused by psychological reasons (some esotericists believe that any disease is caused by spiritual or mental problems). This topic has not yet been sufficiently developed by science, but there are many books in stores like “All Diseases from Nerves.” For lack of anything better, let's resort to popular psychology.
Russian poets of the 20th century
Name | Years of life | Age at death | Cause of death |
Annensky Innokenty Fedorovich |
August 20 (September 1) 1855 - November 30 (December 13) 1909 |
54 years old |
heart attack |
Akhmatova Anna Andreevna |
June 11 (23), 1889 - March 5, 1966 |
76 years old |
[Anna Akhmatova was in the hospital for several months after a heart attack. After being discharged, she went to a sanatorium, where she died.] |
Andrey Bely |
October 14 (26), 1880 - January 8, 1934 |
53 years old |
stroke (after sunstroke) |
Bagritsky Eduard Georgievich |
October 22 (November 3) 1895 – February 16, 1934 |
38 years |
bronchial asthma |
Balmont Konstantin Dmitrievich |
June 3 (15), 1867 - December 23, 1942 |
75 years old |
pneumonia |
Brodsky Joseph Alexandrovich |
May 24, 1940 – January 28, 1996 |
55 years |
heart attack |
Bryusov Valery Yakovlevich |
December 1 (13), 1873 - October 9, 1924 |
50 years |
pneumonia |
Voznesensky Andrey Andreevich |
May 12, 1933 - June 1, 2010 |
77 years old |
stroke |
Yesenin Sergey Alexandrovich |
September 21 (October 3) 1895 - December 28, 1925 |
30 years |
suicide (hanging), there is a version of murder |
Ivanov Georgy Vladimirovich |
October 29 (November 10) 1894 – August 26, 1958 |
63 years old |
|
Gippius Zinaida Nikolaevna |
November 8 (20), 1869 - September 9, 1945 |
75 years old |
|
Blok Alexander Alexandrovich |
November 16 (28), 1880 - August 7, 1921 |
40 years |
inflammation of the heart valves |
Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich |
April 3 (15), 1886 - August 26, 1921 |
35 years |
execution |
Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich |
July 7 (19), 1893 - April 14, 1930 |
36 years |
suicide (shot) |
Mandelstam Osip Emilievich |
January 3 (15), 1891 - December 27, 1938 |
47 years old |
typhus |
Merezhkovsky Dmitry Sergeevich |
August 2, 1865 (or August 14, 1866) - December 9, 1941 |
75 (76) years |
cerebral hemorrhage |
Pasternak Boris Leonidovich |
January 29 (February 10) 1890 – May 30, 1960 |
70 years old |
oncology (lung cancer) |
Slutsky Boris Abramovich |
May 7, 1919 – February 23, 1986 |
66 years old |
|
Tarkovsky Arseny Alexandrovich |
June 12 (25), 1907 - May 27, 1989 |
81 years old |
oncology |
Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna |
September 26 (October 8) 1892 - August 31, 1941 |
48 years old |
suicide (hanging) |
Khlebnikov Velimir |
October 28 (November 9) 1885 – June 28, 1922 |
36 years |
gangrene |
Cancer associated with a feeling of resentment, a deep mental wound, a feeling of the futility of one’s actions, one’s own uselessness. Lungs symbolize freedom, willingness and ability to accept and give. The twentieth century in Russia, many writers were “suffocating”, were forced to remain silent or not say everything they considered necessary. The cause of cancer is also called disappointment in life.
Heart diseases are caused by overwork, prolonged stress, and the belief in the need for tension.
A cold People who have too many events going on in their lives at the same time get sick. Pneumonia (pneumonia) - desperate.
Throat diseases - creative impotence, crisis. Also, the inability to stand up for oneself.
4.06.2019 at 13:23 · VeraSchegoleva · 22 250
10 most famous Russian writers
There is an opinion that the classic ones are no longer relevant, because the new generation has completely different ideals and life values. People who think so are deeply mistaken.
Classic is the best thing ever created. It cultivates taste and moral concepts.
These books are able to take the reader back in time and introduce him to historical events. Even if you do not take into account all these advantages, it is worth noting that read classical works incredibly interesting.
Every citizen of the country should get acquainted with the main works created by his compatriots. There are quite a lot of talented authors in Russia.
This article will talk about the most famous Russian writers. Their works are the literary wealth of our country.
10. Anton Chekhov
Famous works:“Ward No. 6”, “Man in a Case”, “Lady with a Dog”, “Uncle Vanya”, “Chameleon”.
My creative activity the writer began with humorous stories. These were real masterpieces. He ridiculed human vices, forcing readers to pay attention to their shortcomings.
In the 90s of the 19th century he went to Sakhalin Island, the concept of his work changed. Now his works are about the human soul, about feelings.
Chekhov is a talented playwright. His plays were criticized, not everyone liked them, but Anton Pavlovich was not embarrassed by this fact, he continued to do what he loved.
The most important thing in his plays is inner world heroes. Chekhov's work is unique phenomenon in Russian literature, in its entire history, no one has created anything like this.
9. Vladimir Nabokov
Years of life: April 22, 1899 – July 2, 1977.
Most popular works:“Lolita”, “Defense of Luzhin”, “The Gift”, “Mashenka”.
Nabokov's works cannot be called traditional classics, they are distinguished by a unique style. He is called an intellectual writer, in his work the main role belongs to the imagination.
The writer does not attach importance to real events, he wants to show the emotional experiences of the characters. Most of his characters are misunderstood geniuses, lonely and suffering.
The novel “Lolita” became a real thing in literature. Nabokov originally wrote it in English, but decided to translate it for Russian-speaking readers. The novel is still considered shocking, even though modern man does not differ in Puritan views.
8. Fyodor Dostoevsky
“Crime and Punishment”, “The Brothers Karamazov”, “Idiot”.
Dostoevsky's first works were a great success, but the writer was arrested for Political Views. Fyodor Mikhailovich was fond of utopian socialism. The death penalty was imposed, but at the last moment it was replaced with hard labor.
This period of his life had a strong influence on the writer’s psyche; not a trace remained of his socialist ideas. Dostoevsky found faith and rethought his attitude towards the common people. Now the heroes of his novels are simple people who were influenced by external circumstances.
The main thing in his works is the psychological state of the heroes. Dostoevsky managed to reveal the nature of a wide variety of human emotions: rage, humiliation, self-destruction.
Dostoevsky's works are known all over the world, but literary scholars still cannot come to a consensus and find answers to many questions regarding the work of this writer.
7. Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Years of life: December 11, 1918 – August 3, 2008.
“The Gulag Archipelago”, “One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich”.
Solzhenitsyn is compared to Leo Tolstoy, and is even considered his successor. He also loved the truth and wrote “solid” works about people’s lives and social phenomena occurring in society.
The writer wanted to draw the attention of readers to the problems of totalitarianism. Moreover, he described historical events from different angles.
The reader gets a unique opportunity to understand how they treated this or that historical fact people who were on “different sides of the barricades.”
A distinctive feature of his work is called documentary. Each of his heroes is a prototype real person. Solzhenitsyn did not engage in literary fiction, he simply described life.
6. Ivan Bunin
Years of life: October 22, 1870 – November 8, 1953.
Most famous works: “The Life of Arsenyev”, “Mitya’s Love”, “ Dark alleys", "Sunstroke".
Mine creative path Bunin began as a poet. But, perhaps, it was his prose that made him famous. He loved to write about life, about the bourgeoisie, about love, about nature.
Ivan Alekseevich understood that his old life could not be returned; he very much regretted it. Bunin hated the Bolsheviks. When the revolution began, he was forced to leave Russia.
His works, written abroad, are imbued with longing for his homeland. Bunin became the first writer to receive Nobel Prize in the field of literature.
5. Ivan Turgenev
Years of life: November 9, 1818 – September 3, 1883.
The most famous works:“Fathers and Sons”, “Notes of a Hunter”, “On the Eve”, “Asya”, “Mumu”.
The work of Ivan Sergeevich can be divided into three periods. His first works are filled with romance. He wrote both poetry and prose.
The second stage is “Notes of a Hunter”. This is a collection of short stories that explores the theme of the peasantry. “Notes” became the reason why Turgenev was sent to the family estate. The authorities did not like the collection.
The third period is the most mature. The writer became interested philosophical topics. He began to write about love, death, duty. During this period, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was created, which was loved not only by Russian but also by foreign readers.
4. Nikolai Gogol
Years of life: 1809 – March 4, 1852.
The most famous works: « Dead Souls", "Viy", "Evenings on a farm near Dikanka", "The Inspector General", "Taras and Bulba".
I became interested in literature back in student years. The first experience did not bring him success, but he did not give up.
Now it is difficult to describe his work. Nikolai Vasilyevich’s works are multifaceted and not similar to each other.
One of the stages is “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka”. This is a story on the topic Ukrainian folklore, are similar to fairy tales, readers love them very much.
Another stage - plays, the writer ridicules contemporary reality. "Dead Souls" - satirical work about Russian bureaucracy and serfdom. This book brought Gogol great fame abroad.
3. Mikhail Bulgakov
Years of life: May 15, 1891 – March 10, 1940.
The most famous works:"Master and Margarita", " dog's heart», « White Guard", "Fatal Eggs".
The name of Bulgakov is inextricably linked with the novel “The Master and Margarita”. This book did not bring him popularity during his lifetime, but made him famous after his death.
This work resonates with readers in Russia and abroad. There is a place for satire, there are elements of fantasy and a love line.
In all his works, Bulgakov sought to show the true state of affairs, the shortcomings of the current system of power, the dirt and falsehood of the philistinism.
2. Leo Tolstoy
Years of life: September 9, 1828 – November 20, 1910.
The most famous works:“War and Peace”, “Anna Karenina”, “Family Happiness”.
Foreigners associate Russian literature with the name of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. This great writer is known all over the world.
The novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina need no introduction. In them, Lev Nikolaevich describes the life of the Russian nobility.
Of course, his work is very multifaceted. These are diaries, articles and letters. His works have not yet lost their relevance, and arouse keen interest among the reader, because he touches on important issues that will concern humanity at all times.
1. Alexander Pushkin
Years of life: May 26, 1799 – January 29, 1837.
Most works:"Eugene Onegin", "Dubrovsky", " Prisoner of the Caucasus", "Song about the prophetic Oleg".
Called the greatest writer of all time. He wrote his first poem when he turned 15.
Alexander Sergeevich’s life was very short, but during this time he managed to write many poems and more. The same list includes plays, prose and drama, and even fairy tales for children.
With the passing of Ray Bradbury, the world's literary Olympus has become noticeably more empty. Let's remember the most outstanding writers from among our contemporaries - those who still live and create to the delight of their readers. If someone is not on the list, please add in the comments!
1. Gabriel José de la Concordia "Gabo" García Márquez(b. March 6, 1927, Aracataca, Colombia) - famous Colombian prose writer, journalist, publisher and political figure; winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1982. Representative literary direction"magical realism". His novel One Hundred Years of Solitude (Cien años de soledad, 1967) brought him worldwide fame.
2. Umberto Eco(b. January 5, 1932, Alessandria, Italy) - Italian scientist-philosopher, medievalist historian, semiotics specialist, literary critic, writer. The most famous novels are The Name of the Rose and Foucault's Pendulum.
3. Otfried Preusler(b. October 20, 1923) - German children's writer, by nationality - Lusatian (Lusatian Serb). The most famous works: “Little Baba Yaga”, “Little Ghost”, “Little Waterman” and “Krabat, or Legends of the Old Mill”.
4. Boris Lvovich Vasiliev(born May 21, 1924) - Soviet and Russian writer. Author of the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” (1969), the novel “Not on the Lists” (1974), etc.
5. Ion Druta(b. 09/03/1928) - Moldavian and Russian writer and playwright.
6. Fazil Abdulovich Iskander(03/06/1929, Sukhum, Abkhazia, USSR) - an outstanding Soviet and Russian prose writer and poet of Abkhaz origin.
7. Daniil Alexandrovich Granin(b. January 1, 1919, Volsk, Saratov province, according to other sources - Volyn, Kursk region) - Russian writer and public figure. Knight of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, Hero of Socialist Labor (1989), President of the Society of Friends of the Russian National Library; Chairman of the Board of the International Charitable Foundation. D. S. Likhacheva.
8. Milan Kundera(b. April 1, 1929) is a modern Czech prose writer who has lived in France since 1975. He writes in both Czech and French.
9. Thomas Tranströmer(b. April 15, 1931 in Stockholm) is the largest Swedish poet of the 20th century. Winner of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Literature "for the way his brief, translucent images give us a renewed view of reality."
10. Max Gallo(b. January 7, 1932, Nice) - French writer, historian and politician. Member of the French Academy
11. Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa(b. 03/28/1936) - Peruvian-Spanish prose writer and playwright, publicist, politician, winner of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature.
12. Terry Pratchett(b. April 28, 1948) - popular English writer. The most popular is his satirical fantasy series about Flat world(eng. Discworld). The total circulation of his books is about 50 million copies.
13. Yuri Vasilievich Bondarev(b. 03/15/1924) - Russian Soviet writer. Author of the novel “Hot Snow”, the story “Battalions Ask for Fire”, etc.
14. Stephen Edwin King(b. September 21, 1947, Portland, Maine, USA) is an American writer working in various genres, including horror, thriller, science fiction, fantasy, mystery, drama.
15. Victor Olegovich Pelevin(born November 22, 1962, Moscow) - Russian writer. The most famous works: “The Life of Insects”, “Chapaev and Emptiness”, “Generation “P””
16. Joan Rowling(b. July 31, 1965, Yate, Gloucestershire, England) is a British writer, author of the Harry Potter series of novels, translated into more than 65 languages and sold (as of 2008) more than 400 million copies.
The day before world day writer "Levada Center" wondered who in the minds of Russian residents is worthy of entering list of the most outstanding domestic writers . 1,600 residents completed the survey Russian Federation over 18 years old. The results can be called predictable: the top ten reflects the composition school curriculum on literature.
Human rights activist Solzhenitsyn joined her almost closely (5%). Kuprin, Bunin and Nekrasov finished at the same time - each received 4% of the votes. And then, among the names familiar from textbooks, new ones began to appear, for example, Dontsova and Akunin took a place next to Griboyedov and Ostrovsky (3% each), and Ustinova, Ivanov, Marinina and Pelevin stood on the same level as Goncharov, Pasternak, Platonov and Chernyshevsky ( 1%).
10. Lermontov
The top 10 most outstanding writers of Russia opens with a misanthropic poet, full of contempt for the soulless world, creator of demonic characters and singer of Caucasian exoticism in the form of mountain rivers and young Circassian women. However, even stylistic errors like “a lioness with a shaggy mane on her spine” or “a familiar corpse” did not prevent him from ascending the Parnassus of Russian literature and taking tenth place in the rating with a score of 6%.
9. Gorky
In the USSR he was considered the founder of Soviet literature and socialist realism, and ideological opponents denied Gorky his literary talent and intellectual scope and accused him of cheap sentimentalism. Received 7% of the votes.
8. Turgenev
He dreamed of a career as a philosopher and even tried to get a master's degree, but he failed to become a scientist. But he became a writer. And he was quite a successful writer - his fees were among the highest in Russia. With this money (and income from the estate), Turgenev supported the entire family of his beloved Pauline Viardot, including her children and husband. The survey scored 9%.
7. Bulgakov
Russia rediscovered this writer only twenty-five years ago, after perestroika. Bulgakov was one of the first to encounter the horrors of communal apartments and obstacles on the way to Moscow registration, which was later reflected in The Master and Margarita. His contribution to literature was appreciated by 11% of Russians.
6. Sholokhov
It is still unknown who exactly wrote “ Quiet Don» — unknown writer from the “white” camp, or a group of comrades from the NKVD, or Sholokhov himself, who later received the Nobel Prize for the novel. In the meantime, he ranks sixth in the list of outstanding writers with a score of 13%.
5. Gogol
They love him not for his moralizing, but for his door to the world of the grotesque and phantasmagoria, intricately intertwined with real life. Scored the same number of points with Sholokhov.
4. Pushkin
In his youth, he loved to play pranks (for example, to shock the inhabitants of Yekaterinoslav with an outfit of translucent muslin pantaloons without underwear), was proud of his thin waist and tried with all his might to get rid of the status of a “writer.” Moreover, already during his lifetime he was considered a genius, the first Russian poet and creator of the Russian literary language. In the minds of today's readers, it ranks fourth with a score of 15%.
3. Chekhov
The author of humorous stories and the founder of tragicomedy in Russian literature in the world is considered a kind of “ business card"Russian drama. The Russians give him an honorable third place, giving him 18% of the votes.
2. Dostoevsky
Five books by a former convict and an inveterate gambler were included in the list of “One Hundred best books of all times" according to the Norwegian Nobel Institute. Dostoevsky knows better than anyone and describes with utmost honesty the dark and painful depths human soul. He took second place in the ranking with a score of 23%.
1. Leo Tolstoy
“The Seasoned Man” earned the fame of a brilliant writer and classic of Russian literature during his lifetime. His works have been published and republished many times in Russia and abroad and have appeared on the silver screen many times. Anna Karenina alone was filmed 32 times, Resurrection 22 times, War and Peace 11 times. Even his life itself served as material for several films. Perhaps it was thanks to recent high-profile film adaptations that he earned the fame of the first writer in Russia, receiving 45% of the votes.