Literature and its role in spiritual life. Literature and its role in human spiritual life
The lesson begins with a traditional warm-up, the purpose of which is to differentiate linguistic means artistic expression in a poetic work. Much attention is paid to familiarization with the textbook. Analysis of an excerpt from the work of V. Lidin allows us to draw a conclusion about the role of literature in spiritual development person. During a frontal survey, students give examples from history that, together with literature, form the best qualities of a person. It is traditional to comment on grades and summarize results at the end of the lesson. Homework aimed at developing students' speech and identifying reading interests in the classroom.
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Date Lesson No. 1
Literature as the art of words and its role in the spiritual life of man
The purpose of the lesson: to form an idea of literature as the art of words and its role in the spiritual life of a person.
Tasks:
Repeat the studied linguistic means of artistic expression,
Work on the development of monologue speech of students on a given topic,
Continue the work of instilling a sense of pride in our native literature.
Equipment: textbook, handouts, interactive whiteboard, epigraph.
During the classes.
1) Organizing time. Warm-upto determine the linguistic means of artistic expression (working on task No. 3 of the OGE in the Russian language)
The dormant bell
Woke up the fields
Smiled at the sun
Sleepy land.
Quiet Valley
Drives away sleep
Somewhere down the road
The ringing stops.
Students must identify epithets, metaphor, personification, inversion. At the same time, remember the author of the lines and his works.
2) Working with handoutsbased on an excerpt from the work of Vladimir Lidin. Reading, analysis.
“The Germans were expelled from Uman, and on the streets of the city, cars, armored personnel carriers and tanks, abandoned by them in flight, stood close together, back to back. On one of the streets, through a broken window on the lower floor, I saw piles of books piled on the floor. ...I identified the library by the shelves. ... Looking closely, I saw the mournful figures of two middle-aged women sorting out books in the next room. Some of the books were already on the shelves. I approached the women, and we met: one turned out to be a Russian language teacher, Zinaida Ivanovna Valyanskaya, the other, a librarian at the district library, Yulia Aleksandrovna Panasevich, and they dragged the books lying on the floor from underground, where they survived the entire occupation. I picked up one of the books - it was a textbook on economic geography, but after flipping through a few pages, I turned with bewilderment to the title of the book: it did not correspond to the content.
We have a lot of work ahead of us,” said one of the women, “the fact is that, by order of Gebietskommissar Opp, we had to destroy all the books on the attached list... We re-glued the title pages from old textbooks and various other books, and we managed to save almost everything, that was subject to destruction... so don’t be surprised if a volume of Pushkin’s works, for example, is called a manual for embroidery.
... Two courageous women saved an entire district library by pasting them into those that were to be destroyed. Books with different titles or by putting them in different bindings. And now they were sorting out their wealth, restoring what, by order of the appointed director of the library, Kramm, they had to tear to shreds.
In Uman, in the premises of the regional library, I became convinced of the immortality of the book.
Questions for consolidation:
Why do you think the action of these two women can be considered heroic or courageous?
Bring students to the conclusion that during the Great Patriotic War, women risked their lives to save books; they re-glued the spines. Do we treat them properly now?
3) Work on the topic. An epigraph will help us understand today's topic. These are the words of M. Gorky. The great Russian writer said: “Literature is a textbook of life.” How do you understand this statement? …. (Bring students to the conclusion that the main purpose of literature is to cultivate spirituality in a person and develop his best qualities)
4) Introduction to the textbook. During grade 9 we will study works of ancient Russian literature, 18th, 19th, 20th centuries. Eras will change, literary trends, currents, authors. Literature has always covered and will cover events that reflect the history of our Motherland. And we have enough events that teach honor, decency, nobility, courage, generosity, mercy. What events do you think I'm talking about now? (Liberation from the Mongol-Tatar yoke, Patriotic War 1812, Decembrist uprising on December 14, 1825, abolition of serfdom in 1861, October Revolution, Civil War, Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945....) We can “try on” the actions of the heroes for ourselves, this will help us distinguish between good and evil, black and white, truth and lies. Let's use previously studied works as an example and determine what this or that hero can teach. (“Taras Bulba” by N. Gogol, “ Stationmaster"A. Pushkin, "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom", "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov", "Mtsyri" by M. Lermontov...)
Thus, we are once again convinced of how great the role of the book is in the spiritual life of a person. And again I would like to turn to the statement of M. Gorky. At one time he wrote: “I owe everything good in me to books.” Explain how you understand this statement in 3-5 sentences. (Independent work - consolidation for 5-7 minutes)
5) Reserve. Frontal survey.
What books did you read over the summer that interested you?
What books have you read on your own, and what do you remember?
Who has their own library, favorite book, author at home?
6) Summing up, commentary on marks.
7) Homework: prepare a message of 5-7 sentences on the topic “This book must be read”
- Culture and civilization - page 2
- Culture and civilization - page 3
- Typology of cultures and civilizations - page 2
- Typology of cultures and civilizations - page 3
- general characteristics primitiveness
- Periodization of primitive history
- Material culture and social relations
- Spiritual culture
- The emergence of mythology, art and scientific knowledge
- Formation of religious ideas
- The East as a sociocultural and civilizational phenomenon
- Pre-axial crops Ancient East
- Early state in the East
- Art culture
- Culture Ancient India
- Worldview and religious beliefs
- Art culture
- Culture of Ancient China
- Level of development of material civilization
- The state and the genesis of social connections
- Worldview and religious beliefs
- Art culture
- General characteristics and main stages of development
- Antique polis How unique phenomenon
- The worldview of man in ancient society
- Art culture
- General characteristics of the European Middle Ages
- Material culture, economy and living conditions in the Middle Ages
- Social and political systems of the Middle Ages
- Medieval pictures of the world, value systems, human ideals
- Medieval pictures of the world, value systems, human ideals - page 2
- Medieval pictures of the world, value systems, human ideals - page 3
- Artistic culture and art of the Middle Ages
- Artistic culture and art of the Middle Ages - page 2
- General characteristics of Arab-Muslim civilization
- Economic development
- Socio-political relations
- Features of Islam as a world religion
- Art culture
- Artistic culture - page 2
- Artistic culture - page 3
- Byzantine picture of the world
- General characteristics of Byzantine civilization
- Social and political systems of Byzantium
- Byzantine picture of the world
- Byzantine picture of the world - page 2
- Artistic culture and art of Byzantium
- Artistic culture and art of Byzantium - page 2
- General characteristics of medieval Rus'
- Economy. Social class structure
- Economy. Social class structure - page 2
- Evolution of the political system
- Evolution of the political system - page 2
- Evolution of the political system - page 3
- The value system of medieval Rus'. Spiritual culture
- The value system of medieval Rus'. Spiritual culture - page 2
- The value system of medieval Rus'. Spiritual culture - page 3
- The value system of medieval Rus'. Spiritual culture - page 4
- Artistic culture and art
- Artistic culture and art - page 2
- Artistic culture and art - page 3
- Artistic culture and art - page 4
- Content of the concept and periodization of the era
- Economic, social and political preconditions of the European Renaissance
- Changes in the worldview of citizens
- Renaissance content
- Humanism - the ideology of the Renaissance
- Titanism and its “other” side
- Renaissance Art
- General characteristics of the New Age
- Lifestyle and material civilization of modern times
- Social and political systems of modern times
- Pictures of the world of modern times
- Artistic styles in modern art
- General information
- Characteristics of the main stages
- Economy. Social composition. Evolution of the political system
- Social composition of Russian society
- Evolution of the political system
- The value system of Russian society
- The value system of Russian society - page 2
- Evolution of spiritual culture
- The relationship between provincial and metropolitan culture
- Culture of the Don Cossacks
- Development of socio-political thought and awakening of civic consciousness
- The emergence of protective, liberal and socialist traditions
- Two lines in the history of Russian culture of the 19th century.
- Artistic culture of modern times
- Artistic culture of the New Age - page 2
- Artistic culture of modern times - page 3
- General characteristics of the period
- Choosing the path of social development. Programs political parties and movements
- Liberal alternative to transform Russia
- Social-democratic alternative to transforming Russia
- Reassessment of the traditional value system in the public consciousness
- silver Age– Renaissance of Russian culture
- General characteristics of the period
- General characteristics of the period - page 2
- The evolution of the value system in Western culture XX century
- Main trends in the development of Western art
- Problems of history Soviet society and culture
- The formation of the Soviet system (1917–1930s)
- Economy
- Social structure. Social consciousness
- Culture
- Soviet society during the years of war and peace. Crisis and collapse of the Soviet system (40-80s)
- Ideology. Politic system
- Economic development Soviet society
- Social relations. Social consciousness. System of values
- Cultural life
- Political and socio-economic development modern Russia
- Political and socio-economic development of modern Russia - page 2
- Social consciousness in the 90s: main development trends
- Social consciousness in the 90s: main development trends - page 2
- Development of culture
The role of literature in the spiritual life of Russian society
The socio-political views of Russian thinkers were closely connected with the development of Russian literature. Herzen’s words are widely known: “For a people deprived of public freedom, literature is the only platform from the height of which they make them hear the cry of their indignation and their conscience. The influence of literature in such a society acquires dimensions long lost in other European countries.”
Analyzing the role of literature and literary criticism in Russian XIX culture century, modern researcher I. Kondakov wrote: “... literature, due to the specifically constrained socio-political conditions of the country’s development, fulfills the mission of several components of culture simultaneously: philosophy, social sciences, journalism, socio-political activities (non-governmental oppositional nature ), then directly serves publicity (due to the ability to metaphorically, allegorically speak about what cannot be said directly literally) in relation to a society that is basically voiceless.
At the same time, this also meant that literature in Russia (starting from the Nicholas era, i.e. during Pushkin’s lifetime) ceased to be just an art among other arts and became a special - universal, synthetic phenomenon of culture, necessarily replacing its other , forcedly inferior sectors responsible for cognitive, ideological, social-regulatory and other functions.
The burden of literature’s responsibility to society becomes fundamentally different - not only and not so much artistic and aesthetic responsibility, but moral and ethical, political, social and philosophical, cognitive and worldview responsibility.”
Thus, in spiritual culture new era a complex process of differentiation took place, such areas as science, fiction and art, education, and numerous sociocultural institutions developed. Secular character, openness, the ability to absorb the best from the cultures of other peoples, preserving national identity and integrity, characterized the Russian XVIII culture V.
The gap between the achieved level of spiritual culture and the ability of the broad masses to master cultural values began to be overcome in the second half of the 19th century. thanks to the spread of the printed word and literacy, the replenishment of the intelligentsia and middle class with commoners.
Capitalism and the relative decentralization of management marked the beginning of the unification of Europeanized noble and folk traditional cultures into a single national culture. The same reasons contributed to the emergence of large provincial cultural centers in industrial and commercial areas of the country. Dominant position in early XIX V. The “enlightened nobility” was shaken by the middle of the century, when representatives of the lower classes entered social, scientific, and artistic life.
The spiritual culture of the era was greatly influenced by social thought. Since the 18th century. One of the most important cultural ideas was the idea put forward by the Enlightenment people of the natural right of the individual, given to her by birth. A feature of the development of social thought in Russia was its political focus, the search for Russia’s place in the world community.
Municipal budget educational institution
"Shcola number 7»
Nizhny Novgorod district of Nizhny Novgorod
Introductory literature lesson
Literature as the art of words and its role in human life
Vorotnikova O.G.,teacher of the highest category, teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU school No. 7 Nizhny Novgorod district of Nizhny Novgorod
Subject (focus): Literature lesson
Children's age: 9th grade
Location: Class
Planned result |
|
Subject Skills Expanding the volume of knowledge in the literature, Identification of the timeless, enduring inherent in works of literature moral values and their modern sound; Perception of the text of a literary work, Knowledge of basic literary terminology; Finding unfamiliar words in the text and determining their meanings, Ability to conduct dialogue; Create oral monologues different types; Formulating your own attitude towards the work, Gaining experience in meta-subject activities. | Personal UUD: Establish a connection between the goal educational activities and its motive; Determine common rules of behavior for everyone; Determine rules for working in groups; - evaluate the content being learned (based on personal values); Establish a connection between the purpose of an activity and its result. Regulatory UUD: Determine and formulate the purpose of the activity in the lesson; Make your guess based on educational material; Exercise self-control; Together with the teacher and classmates, evaluate the activities in the lesson. Cognitive UUD: Find your bearings in a textbook, literary text, notebook; Navigate your knowledge system (define the boundaries of knowledge/ignorance); Find answers to questions in the text using your life experience; Analyze educational material; Make comparisons by explaining the comparison criteria. Communication UUD: Listen and understand the speech of others; - be able to express your thoughts with sufficient completeness and accuracy; Own a dialogical form of speech in accordance with the grammatical and syntactic norms of the native language, Develop students' thinking abilities when performing creative tasks |
Lesson - lecture
During the classes
1. What is literature?
Literature -
1. A set of artistic, scientific and other works enshrined in written or printed form and of public importance.
2. A type of verbal art, the purpose of which is to depict life, create artistic images using words. A collection of works of this type of art.
3. A set of printed works related to any branch of knowledge, to any issue.
Efremova T. F. New dictionary Russian language. Explanatory and word-formative. - M.: Russian language, 2000
Which definition suits our conversation today?
2. The history of the emergence of the term “literature”.
The term “literature” (or, as they used to say, “fine literature”) arose relatively recently and began to be widely used only in the 18th century (displacing the terms “poetry” and “poetic art”, which now denote poetic works). It was brought to life by printing, which, having appeared in the middle of the 15th century, relatively quickly made the “literary” (i.e., intended for reading) form of existence of the art of words the main and dominant one; Previously, the art of speech existed primarily for hearing, for public performance, and was understood as the skillful implementation of a “poetic” action by means of a special “poetic language” (“Poetics” of Aristotle, ancient and medieval aesthetic treatises of the West and East).
Source: http://www.litdic.ru/literatura/ .
3. Epigraph of the lesson (written in a notebook).
Literature is a confession
Under the guise of confession - a sermon,
For those who are hated - a rebuke,
For everyone you love, a commandment.
L. Oshanin
Vocabulary work:
Confession
The ritual of repentance of one's sins before a priest (for Christians).
trans. Frank confession to smb. in anything.
Sermon
A speech of a religious and instructive nature, delivered by a clergyman in a temple during a service.
trans. decomposition Instruction, moralizing.
Distribution of something creeds, ideas, views associated with a particular religion.
trans. decomposition Propaganda of smb. someone's views ideas.
An essay containing instruction, teaching as a genre of ancient Russian literature
Rebuke
Strict and disapproving objection, reprimand.
outdated Same as: answer .
Commandment.
Religious and moral injunction; a saying containing such an injunction.
trans. An immutable injunction, command; strictly mandatory rule of conduct.
Explain the meaning of the epigraph.
4. Goals of studying literature at school:
education of a spiritually developed personality, the formation of a humanistic worldview, civic consciousness, a sense of patriotism, love and respect for literature and the values of national culture;
development of emotional perception literary text, imaginative and analytical thinking, creative imagination, reading culture and understanding author's position; formation of initial ideas about the specifics of literature among other arts, the need for independent reading works of art; development of students' oral and written speech;
mastering the skills of reading and analyzing works of art using basic literary concepts and necessary information on the history of literature; correct use of Russian literary language when creating your own oral and written statements.
5. Group assignment. Each group is given several statements, the meaning of which, after discussion, they must explain to everyone.
Assignment for group 1
Societyfinds in literature his real life, elevated to an ideal, brought into consciousness.V. G. Belinsky
Francesco Petrarca
Books are a mirror: although they do not speak, they declare every guilt and vice.
Catherine II
Assignment for group 2
Literature— V. Hugo
Read not to contradict and refute, not to take it on faith, and not to find a subject for conversation; but to think and reason.Bacon Francis
Joseph Addison
Assignment for group 3
OneA work of art is liked only on the first viewing, while another is liked even on the tenth.Horace
Ilanguage is the confession of the people,
His soul and life are dear.P. A. Vyazemsky
A book is the same phenomenon of life as a person, it is also a living, speaking fact, and it is less of a “thing” than all other things created and being created by man.Maksim Gorky
Assignment for group 4
Literature in which the alarm of conscience does not sound is already a lie. D.Likhachev
The literature created by the Russian people is not only their wealth, but also a moral force that helps the people in all the difficult circumstances in which the Russian people find themselves. We can always turn to this moral principle for spiritual help.D. Likhachev
Literature rose over Russia like a huge protective dome - it became a shield of its unity, a moral shield. D. S. Likhachev
6. Periodization of Russian literature
Oral folk art until the 11th century
Old Russian literature XI - XVIII centuries
18th century literature
Literature XIX century
Literature of the 20th century
New Russian literature
Homework:
Write an essay - a reasoning based on one of the proposed statements.
Books have a special charm; books give us pleasure: they talk to us, give us good advice, they become living friends for us.Francesco Petrarca
Literature— it is the guidance of the human mind to human growth.V. Hugo
Reading is for the mind what exercise is for the body.
Joseph Addison
» Literature in the spiritual life of man
Literature in human spiritual life
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Throughout its centuries-long history, our people have created highly artistic literature. It has a worthy place in world culture.
Fiction has a huge socio-political, educational and cognitive role. Because it presents the history of the entire people, their struggle for their will, for their lucky and happy life, for the battle against national as well as social oppression. Literature honestly and fairly reflects social reality: various periods of life of the entire people, aspirations and, of course, hopes of people.
Fiction is a type of art that is the most powerful means of human knowledge, a tool that influences current reality. Literature shapes a person’s mind, his will and psyche, his feelings and human strong character, namely, it shapes a person’s personality.
The creator of literature summarizes various life events and phenomena, then builds typical images, and at the same time shows his personal attitude to these events or incidents. The significance of a writer and his work, and, consequently, literature is reflected in how truthfully and correctly the interests and dreams of people are reflected and expressed. Artistic creativity intended to serve the people. In literary works we learn about the past, present and, of course, see the future dreams of a person. New concepts begin to form in the imagination, and a hitherto unknown feeling is born in the depths of the soul.
But only literary works and we perceive works first of all with our hearts, and then with our practical mind and common sense.
Literature is based on humanistic views and beliefs, and approves of imperishable and eternal universal human values. This is precisely why it is close, very necessary and simply necessary for humanity. Writers and creators of literature, in works completely different in their genre, reflect diverse segments of the population, reveal talent and gift common man, glorify the work of people.
And this instills interest in one’s own history, love for one’s native mother land, for parents and loved ones, for one’s neighbor and for one’s fraternal peoples... Literature helps and supports a person in difficult moments life path. Inspires to perform heroic deeds for the sake of their neighbors and for the sake of others. Gives strength to overcome various everyday troubles, guides and orients on the path to the correct solution of important problems. this moment problems. This is precisely why it is valuable for us and for each nation separately.
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Slide captions:
Literature and its role in human spiritual life
Literature as an art form has existed on Earth as long as humanity has existed on it. Over the course of thousands of years, people have created cultural values, among which different types art. It may seem that the development of human culture is similar to the gradual ascent of a high mountain: people moved from primitive tools to high technologies, pagan rituals were replaced by the creation of theatrical performances, comfortable houses appeared in place of cold dugouts... People’s ideas about the world around them changed, and art also changed .
Each civilization has its own pattern of cultural development, its own national tradition, and has its own stages of development. The progressive development of literature within a civilization is called the literary process.
Folklore is oral folk art that arose in the pre-literary period and has had an impact significant influence on the formation of literature. Folklore
Folklore Epic Lyrics Drama Genres: tragedy, short story, lyrical song, epic, proverb, comedy, lyric poem, fairy tale, novel, historical song, riddle. - Distribute genres in the table
folklore epic lyrics drama lyrical song story lyric poem tragedy epic novel comedy proverb fairy tale Historical song riddle Test yourself
Which folklore genres are archaic today and which are alive? - From what genres of oral folk art separate literary genres? Identify possible parallels.
1. The scope and grandeur of the events depicted, hyperbolization of images and characters (in fairy tales and epics). 2. Poetics of repetition (repetition of themes, plots, episodes, remarks, speech patterns), expressive tautology (“thinking thoughts”). 3. The presence of permanent epithets. 4. Use of traditional comparisons and symbols, psychological parallelism. Poetics of folklore
In the past, there were ancient Chinese, ancient Egyptian, and ancient literatures, but they developed on their own, without forming a single artistic process. Within each of these literatures, genuine artistic masterpieces appeared, of which all of humanity is rightfully proud, but these masterpieces remain the property of individual national literatures. World literature began to take shape only when works began to appear that went beyond the boundaries of their national tradition, influencing readers and writers of peoples speaking a different language.
*What is it? this work? * Why, under what conditions did it arise? * What needs of society did it meet? * How does it relate to creative way writer, with the movement of literature in general? * What significance did and does it have for society and literature? - What basic questions does the history of literature answer?
Why is it important to know the name of the author and the date of writing in order to understand every significant work of literature?
* Epic “Sadko” * “After the Ball” L.N. Tolstoy *"Borodino" M.Yu. Lermontov * “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom” * “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” A.S. Pushkin * “Song of the Falcon” by M. Gorky Place the following works in chronological order:
1. The epic “Sadko” 2. “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom” 3. “The Song of Oleg in the Other” A.S. Pushkin 4. “Borodino” M.Yu. Lermontov 5. “After the Ball” by L. N. Tolstoy 6. “Song of the Falcon” by M. Gorky Test yourself
Speaking about the history of Russian literature, we become familiar with the main national wealth, since the great works of the past and present, like a mirror, reflected the historical path of the people, the formation of their self-awareness. Let's turn to the textbook: literature -9, p.4.