Viktor vasnetsov short biography. Report: Victor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov Victor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov a short story about him
- this is one of the main types of fine arts; is an artistic image objective world colored paints on the surface. Painting is subdivided into: easel, monumental and decorative.
- mainly represented by works performed oil paints on canvas (cardboard, wood planks or bare). It is the most widespread type of painting. It is this type that is usually applied to the term " painting".
Is a painting technique on walls when decorating buildings and architectural elements in buildings. Especially common in Europe fresco - monumental painting on wet plaster with water-soluble paints. This painting technique has been well known since antiquity. Later, this technique was used in the design of many Christian religious temples and their vaults.
Decorative painting - (from the Latin word from decoro - to decorate) is a way of drawing and applying images to objects and interior details, walls, furniture and other decorative items. Refers to arts and crafts.
The possibilities of pictorial art have been especially vividly revealed by easel painting since the 15th century, from the moment of the massive use of oil paints. It is in it that a special variety of content and deep elaboration of form are available. At the heart of the scenic artistic means lie colors (possibilities of paints), in indissoluble unity with chiaroscuro, and line; color and chiaroscuro were developed and developed by painting techniques with a completeness and brightness inaccessible to other types of art. This is due to the perfection of volumetric and spatial modeling inherent in realistic painting, vivid and accurate transmission of reality, the possibility of realizing the subjects conceived by the artist (and methods of constructing compositions) and other pictorial advantages.
Another difference in the differences in the types of painting is the technique of execution according to the types of paints. General characteristics are not always enough to define. The border between painting and graphics in each individual case: for example, works made with watercolors or pastels can relate to both areas, depending on the artist's approach and tasks assigned to him. Although drawing on paper is a graphic design, the use of different ink painting techniques sometimes blurs the distinction between painting and graphics.
It should be borne in mind that the semantic term "painting" itself is a word in the Russian language. It is taken for use as a term during the formation of fine arts in Russia in the Baroque era. The use of the word "painting" at that time was applied only to a certain kind of realistic painting with paints. But initially it comes from the church technique of drawing icons, which uses the word "write" (referring to writing) because this word is a translation of the meaning in Greek texts (these are the "difficulties of translation"). Development in Russia of its own art school and the inheritance of European academic knowledge in the field of art, developed the scope of the Russian word "painting", inscribing it in educational terminology and literary language. But in the Russian language, a peculiarity of the meaning of the verb "write" was formed in relation to writing and drawing pictures.
Painting genres
In the course of the development of the visual arts, several classical genres of paintings were formed, which acquired their own characteristics and rules.
Portrait Is a realistic depiction of a person in which the artist is trying to achieve similarity to the original. One of the most popular genres of painting. Most of the clients used the talent of artists to perpetuate their own image or, wanting to get an image of a loved one, relative, etc. Customers sought to get a portrait likeness (or even embellish it), leaving a visual embodiment in history. Portraits of various styles are the most massive part of the exposition of most art museums and private collections. This genre also includes such a kind of portrait as self-portrait - an image of the artist himself, written by him.
Landscape- one of the popular painting genres in which the artist seeks to display nature, its beauty or peculiarity. Different kinds nature (the mood of the season and weather) have a vivid emotional impact on any viewer - this is a psychological feature of a person. The desire to get an emotional impression from landscapes has made this genre one of the most popular in artistic creation.
- this genre is in many ways similar to landscape, but has a key feature: the paintings depict landscapes with the participation of architectural objects, buildings or cities. A special direction is street views of cities that convey the atmosphere of the place. Another direction of this genre is the depiction of the beauty of the architecture of a particular building - its appearance or pictures of his interiors.
- a genre in which the main plot of paintings is a historical event or its interpretation by an artist. What's interesting is that a huge number of paintings on the biblical theme belong to this genre. Since in the middle ages biblical stories were considered "historical" events and the main customers of these paintings was the church. "Historical" biblical subjects are present in the work of most artists. Second birth historical painting takes place during neoclassicism, when artists turn to well-known historical subjects, events from the times of antiquity or national legends.
- reflects the scenes of wars and battles. A feature is not only the desire to reflect the historical event, but also to convey to the viewer the emotional elevation of feat and heroism. Subsequently, this genre also becomes political, allowing the artist to convey to the viewer his view (his attitude) to what is happening. We can see a similar effect of political emphasis and the power of the artist's talent in the work of V. Vereshchagin.
Is a genre of painting with compositions from inanimate objects, using flowers, food, dishes. This genre is one of the latest and was formed in the Dutch school of painting. Perhaps its appearance is due to the peculiarity of the Dutch school. The economic boom of the 17th century in Holland led to the desire for affordable luxury (paintings) among a significant number of the population. This situation attracted a large number of artists to Holland, causing intense competition among them. Models and workshops (people in appropriate clothes) were not available to poor artists. When painting paintings for sale, they used available tools (objects) to compose the paintings. This situation in the history of the Dutch school is the reason for the development of genre painting.
Genre painting - the plot of the paintings is everyday scenes Everyday life or holidays, usually involving ordinary people... As well as still life, it became widespread among Dutch artists in the 17th century. During the period of romanticism and neoclassicism, this genre takes on a new birth, paintings strive not so much to reflect everyday life as to romanticize it, to bring a certain meaning or morality into the plot.
Marina- a landscape view that depicts seascapes, coastal landscapes with sea views, sunrises and sunsets at sea, ships or even naval battles. Although there is a separate battle genre, naval battles still belong to the "marina" genre. The development and popularization of this genre can also be attributed to the Dutch school of the 17th century. He was popular in Russia thanks to the work of Aivazovsky.
- a feature of this genre is the creation of realistic paintings depicting the beauty of animals and birds. One of interesting features this genre is the presence of paintings depicting nonexistent or mythical animals. Animal artists are called animalists.
Painting history
The need for a realistic image has existed since ancient times, but it had a number of drawbacks due to the lack of technology, a systematic school and education. In ancient times, you can often find examples of applied and monumental painting with the technique of painting on plaster. In antiquity, more importance was attached to the talent of the performer; artists were limited in the technology of making paints and the possibility of obtaining a systematic education. But already in antiquity, specialized knowledge and works (Vitruvius) were formed, which will be the basis of a new flourishing of European art in the Renaissance. Decorative painting received significant development during Greek and Roman antiquity (the school was lost in the Middle Ages), the level of which was reached only after the 15th century.
Painting of a Roman fresco (Pompeii, 1st century BC), an example of the state of the art of antique painting:
The "dark ages" of the Middle Ages, militant Christianity and the Inquisition lead to bans on the study of the artistic heritage of antiquity. The vast experience of ancient masters, knowledge in the field of proportions, composition, architecture and sculpture are prohibited, and many artistic values are destroyed due to their dedication to ancient deities. The return to the values of art and science in Europe occurs only during the Renaissance (revival).
Artists of the early Renaissance (revival) have to make up and revive the achievements and level of ancient artists. What we admire about the work of artists early Renaissance, was the level of the masters of Rome. A vivid example of the loss of several centuries of development of European art (and civilization) during the "dark ages" of the Middle Ages, militant Christianity and the Inquisition - the difference between these paintings is 14 centuries!
The emergence and spread of the technology of making oil paints and the technique of drawing them in the 15th century gives rise to the development of easel painting and special kind artists' products - colored oil paintings on primed canvas or wood.
Painting received a huge leap in quality development in the Renaissance, largely thanks to the work of Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472). He first laid out the foundations of perspective in painting (treatise "On Painting" 1436). To him (his works on the systematization of scientific knowledge), the European art school owes the appearance (revival) of a realistic perspective and natural proportions in the paintings of artists. Famous and familiar to many drawing by Leonardo da Vinci "Vitruvian Man"(human proportions) in 1493, dedicated to the systematization of Vitruvius's ancient knowledge of proportions and composition, was created by Leonardo half a century later than Alberti's treatise "On Painting". And Leonardo's work is a continuation of the development of the European (Italian) art school of the Renaissance.
But painting received a bright and massive development, starting from the 16-17 centuries, when the technique became widespread. oil painting, various technologies for making paints appeared and schools of painting were formed. It is the system of knowledge and art education (painting technique), in combination with the demand for works of art from the aristocracy and monarchs, that leads to the rapid flowering of fine arts in Europe (Baroque period).
The unlimited financial possibilities of European monarchies, aristocracy and entrepreneurs became an excellent basis for the further development of painting in the 17-19 centuries. And the weakening of the influence of the church and the secular way of life (multiplied by the development of Protestantism) allowed the birth of many plots, styles and directions in painting (baroque and rococo).
In the course of the development of the visual arts, artists have formed a variety of styles and techniques that lead to the highest level of realism in their works. By the end of the 19th century (with the arrival of modernist trends), interesting transformations began in painting. The availability of art education, massive competition and high demands on the art of artists from the public (and buyers) give rise to new directions in the ways of expression. art is no longer limited only by the level of performance technology, artists strive to introduce special meanings, ways of "sight" and philosophy into their works. What often goes to the detriment of the level of performance, becomes speculation or a way of outrageous. The variety of emerging styles, lively discussions and even scandals give rise to the development of interest in new forms of painting.
Modern computer (digital) drawing technologies are related to graphics and cannot be called painting, although many computer programs and equipment allow you to completely repeat any painting techniques with paints.
Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich short biography the famous Russian artist is outlined in this article.
Viktor Vasnetsov short biography
Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov was born on May 15, 1848 in the remote Vyatka village of Lopyal into a large family of a rural priest. Victor loved to listen from childhood folk tales and songs, legends. They engendered in the boy a love for Russian folk art.
The boy's talent manifested itself at an early age, but due to lack of money, he was sent to a theological school, and then to seminary. Children of priests were admitted there free of charge. However, the craving for art led the 19-year-old seminarian from Vyatka to St. Petersburg, to the Academy of Arts.
While studying at the Academy, the young artist worked a lot (as an engraver and draftsman, collaborated with a number of St. Petersburg magazines.). With great interest he created illustrations for the alphabet. But most of all, the artist was captured by thoughts about the heroic strength of the Russian soldiers, about beauty, about freedom.
In 1876 Vasnetsov came to Paris at the invitation of Repin. At the exhibition, the artist's attention was drawn to a large painting about fairy knights. And again he remembered his idea of creating a picture dedicated to the Russian heroes.
In the summer of 1881 goals Vasnetsov painted sketches in Abramtsevo and began to work on the painting "Heroes". But only in 1898, Vasnetsov finished this picture.
Since 1893 Vasnetsov became a full member of the Russian Academy of Arts.
In 1899 Vasnetsov opened his first exhibition in Moscow, the painting "Heroes" became the central work on it.
Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov was born on May 3, 1848 in the village of Lopyal, Vyatka province, in the family of a priest. Due to his origin, the future painter received his education at a theological school, and later continued it at a theological seminary. During his studies, the gifted young man began to take drawing lessons from the gymnasium teacher N.G. Chernysheva. Even Victor's father noted the ability to draw and allowed him to leave his studies at the seminary in his last year to enter the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. There, the style of the painter was fully formed and honed, the foundations of which were laid back in the school of arts, where the young man studied with I.N. Kramskoy.
The beginning of the creative path
Even while studying at the academy, paintings by the young artist Vasnetsov began to be exhibited. They were first presented in 1869, first at the Academy, and later in other galleries, thanks to the artist's collaboration with a partnership of traveling exhibitions. Already in early work the author's handwriting of the artist and his penchant for the Art Nouveau style were noticeable.
Features of creativity
Since 1893, as the short biography of Vasnetsov says, he became a full member of the Russian Academy of Arts. He also collaborated with the Union of the Russian People, participating in illustrating monarchist publications, the most famous of which is the Book of Russian Sorrow.
At the early stage of the work of Viktor Mikhailovich, a search for plots and motives is noted. His early paintings are characterized by everyday themes, reflected in the paintings "Military Telegram", "Balagans in Paris", "From apartment to apartment", "Bookstore".
The circle of creative interests of the outstanding artist was historical, folklore, and later also religious themes. One of the most famous canvases of the great Russian painter are paintings based on epics and works for children: "Heroes", "Alyonushka", "Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf", "Koschey the Immortal", "Fight of Dobrynya Nikitich with the seven-headed Serpent Gorynych".
The religious themes of Vasnetsov's legacy are reflected in the samples of wall painting in the Vladimir Cathedral in Kiev, the Church of the Resurrection (Savior on the Blood) in St. Petersburg, the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist in Presnya. Vasnetsov's talent manifested itself not only in the creation of paintings and wall paintings in churches and cathedrals, but also in the development of projects for architectural structures, in particular, the mansion of I.E. Tsvetkov, an extension of the main entrance of the hall to the building Tretyakov Gallery, Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky in Moscow and other buildings.
Death. In memory of the artist
The creative heritage of the great Russian artist Vasnetsov, whose biography ends on July 23, 1926 in Moscow, occupies a significant place in the history of the national artistic arts... The memory of the artist is preserved thanks to the opening and functioning of four museums: in Moscow, in St. Petersburg, in Kirov and in the village of Ryabovo, Kirov region. The latter also houses a monument to Viktor and Appolinarius Vasnetsov, outstanding figures of Russian art.
Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov (1848 - 1926) - Russian artist, famous for his depictions of historical and folklore scenes.
Biography of Viktor Vasnetsov
Vasnetsov was born on May 3, 1848 in a small village in the Vyatka province in the family of a priest. Education in the biography of Vasnetsov was received at the Vyatka Theological Seminary. But the artistic style of Vasnetsov improved during his studies at the school of arts in St. Petersburg. The final moment of training was the graduation from the Academy of Arts in 1873.
After graduating from the Academy, he traveled abroad. He began to exhibit his works in 1869, first participating in the expositions of the Academy, then - in exhibitions of the Itinerants.
Member of the mammoth circle in Abramtsevo.
In 1893 Vasnetsov became a full member of the Academy of Arts. After 1905, he was close to the Union of the Russian People, although he was not a member of it, he participated in the financing and design of monarchist publications, including the Book of Russian Sorrow.
In 1912 he was awarded a "noble Russian Empire dignity with all descending offspring. "
In 1915 he participated in the establishment of the Society for the Revival of Artistic Rus', along with many other artists of his time.
Viktor Vasnetsov died on July 23, 1926 in Moscow, was buried at the Lazarevskoye cemetery, after the destruction of which the ashes were transferred to the Vvedenskoye cemetery.
Vasnetsov's creativity
In the work of Vasnetsov, different genres, which became stages of a very interesting evolution: from everyday life to a fairy tale, from easel painting to monumental painting, from the earthiness of the Itinerants to the prototype of the Art Nouveau style.
At an early stage, everyday subjects prevailed in Vasnetsov's works, for example, in the paintings From Apartment to Apartment (1876), The Military Telegram (1878), The Bookstore (1876), and Balagans in Paris (1877).
Later, the main direction became the epic and historical - "The Knight at the Crossroads" (1882), "After the Battle of Igor Svyatoslavich with the Polovtsy" (1880), "Alyonushka" (1881), "Ivan Tsarevich on Gray Wolf"(1889)," Heroes "(1881-1898)," Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible "(1897).
In the late 1890s, an increasingly prominent place in his work is religious theme(works in the Vladimir Cathedral in Kiev and in the Church of the Resurrection (Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood) in St. Petersburg, watercolor drawings and, in general, preparatory originals of wall painting for the Cathedral of St. Vladimir, painting of the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist in Presnya.
Vasnetsov worked in a team of artists who decorated the interior of the Alexander Nevsky memorial church in Sofia.
After 1917, Vasnetsov continued to work on folk fabulous themes, creating the canvases "Fight of Dobrynya Nikitich with the seven-headed Serpent Gorynych" (1918); "Koschey the Immortal" (1917-1926).
One fact from the biography of V.M. Vasnetsov.
Having arrived from distant Siberia to enter the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, the young man was very worried. On the exam, he drew everything that was asked and began to look around. To his horror, he noticed that the entrant standing behind the neighboring easel was skeptically examining his drawing and even grinning frankly, almost laughing.
"Everything - failed!" - decided Vasnetsov and came to such despair that he did not even begin to find out the results of the exam. After spending several days in a strange city, the future artist entered the Drawing School of I.N. Kramskoy, hoping to learn more and try his luck next year.
Imagine his amazement when, again coming to submit documents to the Academy of Arts, he found out that he had entered for the first time and had been in his first year for a year!
Bibliography
- Kulzhenko S. V. Cathedral of St. Equal to the Apostles Prince Vladimir in Kiev. - Kiev: S.V. Kulzhenko Publishing House, 1898.
- Bahrevsky V.A.Victor Vasnetsov. - M .: Young Guard, 1989. - (Life wonderful people). - ISBN 5-235-00367-5.
- Butina N. Yu. Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich: Afterword // Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate. - 1994. - No. 7/8. - S. 124-125.
- Iovleva L.I.Victor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov. - L .: Artist of the RSFSR, 1964 .-- 56 p. - (People's Library for Art). - 20,000 copies.
- Kudryavtseva L. Vasnetsov. - M .: White City, 1999 .-- ISBN 5-7793-0163-8.
Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov was born in 1848 on May 15 in a village with the funny name Lopyal. Vasnetsov's father was a priest, as well as his grandfather and great-grandfather. In 1850, Mikhail Vasilyevich took his family to the village of Ryabovo. This was due to his service. Viktor Vasnetsov had 5 brothers, one of whom also became famous artists, his name was Apollinarius.
Vasnetsov's talent manifested itself from childhood, but the extremely unfortunate financial situation in the family left no options for how to send Viktor to the Vyatka Theological School in 1858. Already at the age of 14, Viktor Vasnetsov studied at the Vyatka Theological Seminary. Children of priests were taken there free of charge.
Without graduating from the seminary, in 1867 Vasnetsov went to St. Petersburg to enter the Academy of Arts. He had very little money, and Victor put up 2 of his paintings for "auction" - "The Milkmaid" and "The Reaper". Before leaving, he never received any money for them. He received 60 rubles for these two paintings a few months later in St. Petersburg. Arriving in the capital, the young artist had only 10 rubles.
Vasnetsov did an excellent job with the drawing exam and was immediately enrolled in the Academy. For about a year he studied at the Drawing School, where he met his teacher -.
Vasnetsov began his studies at the Academy of Arts in 1868. At this time, he became friends with, and even at one time they lived in the same apartment.
Although Vasnetsov liked the Academy, he did not finish it, leaving for in 1876, where he lived for more than a year. At this time, Repin was also there on a business trip. They also maintained friendly relations.
After returning to Moscow, Vasnetsov was immediately accepted into the Association of Mobile art exhibitions... By this time, the artist's drawing style was changing significantly, and not only the style, Vasnetsov himself moved to live in Moscow, where he became close to Tretyakov and Mamontov. It was in Moscow that Vasnetsov revealed himself. He liked to be in this city, he felt at ease and performed various creative works.
For more than 10 years Vasnetsov designed the Vladimir Cathedral in Kiev. In this he was assisted by M. Nesterov. It was after the completion of this work that Vasnetsov can rightfully be called the great Russian icon painter.
1899 became the peak of the artist's popularity. At his exhibition Vasnetsov presented to the public.
After the revolution, Vasnetsov began to live no longer in Russia, but in the USSR, which seriously oppressed him. People destroyed his paintings, treated the artist with disrespect. But until the end of his life, Viktor Mikhailovich was faithful to his work - he painted. He died on July 23, 1926 in Moscow, without finishing the portrait of his friend and student M. Nesterov.
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